The process and result of seeking Battle of Red Cliffs.

Battle of Red Cliffs can be said to be a series of battles after Cao Cao, the Prime Minister of the Eastern Han Dynasty, went south. It can also refer to the battle of Chibi on the Yangtze River (now northwest of chibi city, Hubei, northeast of Jiayu). This is one of the most famous wars in the history of China, and it is also the most famous one among the "three major battles" in the Three Kingdoms period. It is also the first large-scale battle in the Yangtze River basin in China history, which indicates that China's military and political center is no longer limited to the Yellow River basin.

In 2008 (13th year of Jian 'an of Emperor Xian of Han Dynasty), Cao Cao, who basically controlled the north, led his troops south to Jingzhou, and Liu Cong, who occupied Jingzhou, surrendered. Cao Cao pursued Liu Bei, and Liu Bei fled Jingzhou. Later Liu Bei sent Zhuge Liang to Jiangdong. Sun Quan sent generals Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu to the front to form an alliance with Liu Bei. In the Chibi area of the Yangtze River (now northwest of chibi city, Hubei, northeast of Jiayu), Cao Cao attacked Cao Jun with fire and Cao Cao returned to the north. Sun and Liu also occupied Jingzhou.

catalogue

1 Take Jingzhou from the south

Who is fighting between Cao and Wei Liu?

3 Sunliu Alliance

4 defeat Wulin

5 rob Jingzhou

Take Jingzhou in the south

After the battle of Guandu in 200 years and the northern expedition to Wuhuan in 2007, Cao Cao completed the war to unify the north. After returning to Yecheng (now southwest of Linzhang, Hebei Province) in the thirteenth year of Jian 'an, he immediately began military and political preparations for fighting in the south:

Yeyu chiseled Xuanwu pool to practice the water army;

Send Zhang Liao, Le Jin and other soldiers to the south of Xudu to prepare for the southern expedition;

Let Ma Teng and his family move to Ye and take them as actual hostages to reduce the threat from the northwest;

Since the "three officials", prime minister, censor and prime minister, his dominant position has been further consolidated.

In order to maintain his authority, he killed Kong Rong, who had ridiculed and turned against him several times.

In the autumn of July, Cao Cao went south, and in the words of Wang Fuzhi in Zi Zhi Tong Jian, it was "to defeat Jing Wu with the help of Yuan Shao". Soon, Liu Biao died in August, and Cao Cao accepted Yu Xun's suggestion. Take a shortcut first, travel to Wanye lightly, and make Zhao Yan the prefect (the county is in the southeast of Zaoyang, Hubei). They all guarded the army and protected the Seventh Army in Zhang Liao, Yujin, Zhanghe, Zhu Ling, Li Dian, jie feng and Zhao Lu. Liu Cong, the son of Liu Biao and the heir of Jingzhou, accepted the lobbying of Kuai Yue, Han Song and Fu Xun and surrendered to Cao Cao. It was September, and Cao Cao arrived in Xinye (now Henan Province). Liu Bei, a subordinate of Liu Biao, was stationed in Fancheng (now Xiangfan, Hubei), and didn't know the news of Cao Cao's going south until he came near Wan. However, Liu Cong had surrendered to Cao Cao, but he was afraid to tell Liu Bei. Liu Bei found something was wrong, so he sent a close friend to ask Liu Cong. At this time, Liu Cong sent Zhong Song to inform Liu Bei, who was frightened and angry and had to abandon Fan Nan and flee.

Cao Liu fought for it.

When crossing the river to Xiangyang, Zhuge Liang under Liu Bei advised him to seize Xiangyang. Liu Bei could not bear to go south and sent Guan Yuling's fleet by water. But many people around Liu Cong and Jingzhou voted for Liu Bei and fled with him. In this way, the speed of Liu Bei's army has been greatly slowed down, and it can only travel more than ten miles a day. Someone advised Liu Bei to leave the people and go to Jiangling first, but Liu Bei didn't want to. As Liu Bei went south, Wang Weiben, a subordinate of Liu Cong, advised Liu Cong to talk back, captured Cao Cao with Indiana Jones and captured the Central Plains, but Liu Cong refused. At that time, Jiangling (now Jiangling, Hubei Province) stored a large amount of grain, hay and weapons of Liu Biao. Cao Cao, who came to Jinjiang, heard the news of Liu Beinan's departure. Afraid of getting Jiangling's army, he sent Le to guard Xiangyang and gave up the trench himself, and led Cao Chun, Cao Xiu and others to ride five thousand butch to recover Liu Bei.

Sun Quan, who was in Jiangdong at first, accepted Lu Su's suggestion and mourned for Liu Biao, but in fact he was inquiring about the intentions and news of Liu Bei and others. When Lu Su arrived in Xiakou (now Hankou, Wuhan, Hubei), he knew that Cao Cao was going south, and he traveled day and night. In Nanjun, Liu Cong surrendered, and the news of Liu Beinan's escape came out. Lu Su went north and met Liu Bei in Osaka in Dangyang, persuading Liu Bei to unite with Sun Quan. Liu Bei obeyed and turned to the east. However, Cao Jun, who chased for more than 300 miles a day and a night, caught up with Liu Bei in Osaka. At that time, although there were more than ten people and thousands of trench, Serenade. Now that Cao Cao has arrived, Liu Bei abandoned his wife and fled with dozens of people, including Zhang Fei, Zhao Yun and Zhuge Liang. Cao Jun then captured Liu Bei's military forces, trench and countless grains, and even captured Liu Bei's two daughters. Because Mrs. Gan and the baby failed to escape together, Zhao Yun returned to the north to protect them. Someone saw Zhao Yun going north and suggested that Zhao Yun vote for Cao Cao, but Liu Bei insisted that he would not, and he trusted Zhao Yun very much. Finally, Zhao Yun also successfully rescued Mrs. Gan and. On the other hand, Zhang Fei led the Twenty Riders to patrol, first dismantled the bridge, and immediately said with a spear at the water's edge, "I am Zhang Yide, but I can fight to the death!" No one dared to go near Cao Jun, so Liu Bei was able to escape and meet Guan Yu's water army from the east of Hanshui River. More than 10,000 people led by Liu Biao's eldest son Jiangxia satrap Liu Qi retreated to Xiakou.

Instead of pursuing Liu Bei, Cao Cao rushed to Jiangling. He immediately took measures to stabilize the state officials and people, ordered "Jingzhou officials and people to start a new stove", and vigorously promoted Jingzhou's "submission". There were fifteen Jing surnames, such as Han Song, a celebrity in Jingzhou, for example; Seeing that Cao Cao had captured Jingzhou, Liu Zhang sent troops to find Cao Cao and expressed his willingness to accept conscription. Cao Cao took the Jingzhou water army as the capital and prepared for the eastward expedition. Some people say that the target is Liu Bei, while others point out that this is a convenient way to corrupt Sun Quan's Jiangdong. Jia Xu persuaded the resources of Jingzhou, Cao Liyong, to regulate the military and civilians and stabilize the newly occupied land. But Cao Cao didn't accept his suggestion, and Pei Songzhi also thought that Jia Xu's statement was "inappropriate at that time". Cao Cao left Coss stationed in Jiangling, and he personally led the army eastward.

Sunliu alliance

The schematic diagram of Battle of Red Cliffs is in the gorge. Zhuge Liang recommended himself to follow Lu Su back to Chaisang (now southwest of Jiujiang, Jiangxi) and asked Sun Quan for help. When Zhuge Liang arrived in Chaisang, he first used dichotomy and provocation to lobby Sun Quan. Sun Quan didn't want to be controlled by Cao Cao, but he was worried that Cao Cao was too powerful to match. So Zhuge Liang first explained Liu Bei's military strength: "Although the Yuzhou (Liu Bei) army was defeated by Nagano, today, Guan Yu's water army has 10,000 soldiers, and Liu Qi's rivers and rivers are no less than 10,000 soldiers." Then analyze Cao Cao's failure:

Cao Cao went out and the foot soldiers were tired;

Northerners don't learn water warfare;

The people of Jingzhou have not persuaded Cao Cao.

Zhuge Liang's conclusion is that Sun and Liu Ruo will win together, and he clearly stated that the battle between Cao and Wu was divided into three parts. Sun Quan immediately agreed to send Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu to help Liu Bei.

However, at that time, Cao Cao was very powerful, and Wu Dong, represented by Zhang Zhao, advocated surrender, thinking that Cao Cao was using the name of Han Xiang as an excuse and it was unreasonable to resist. Cao Cao has occupied the Yangtze River, and there is no natural barrier to defend in Jiangdong. Cao Jun is strong in land and water, and Jiangdong has no resistance, so he advised Sun Quan to see Cao Cao. Cao Cao also sent a surrender letter, which read: "Today, there are 800,000 water conservancy troops, and Fang and others will hunt in Wu." The intimidation is extremely heavy. So at the military meeting, ministers headed by Zhang Zhao suggested surrendering to Cao Cao, and Sun Quan was noncommittal. Lu Su secretly followed Sun Quan when he went to the toilet, pointing out that Zhang Zhao and others were not qualified. He also said that he would welcome Cao Cao himself, but he could also be an official in a county, and then hinted that Cao Cao had no place to accommodate Sun Quan, who was already the master of one party. Sun Quan sighed at Zhang Zhao and others: "I am disappointed" and agreed with Lu Su. Lu Su then suggested the countermeasures of restoring Zhou Yu's business trip to Poyang.

After Zhou Yu came back, he also thought that Cao should be boycotted. He has analyzed Cao Jun's weaknesses, and Zhuge Liang's analysis is roughly the same:

Cao Jun is exhausted and is bound to get sick;

The weather is cold and the horse has no grass;

Ma Chao and Han Sui are still in Kansai, which is Cao Cao's future trouble;

Abandoning pommel horse and not learning to fight in water is not the benefit of the Central Plains people.

Then, the actual strength of Liu Biao was analyzed, and it was pointed out that there were only 150,000 to 60,000 people from the Central Plains, while the newly reduced number of 70,000 to 80,000 people by Liu Biao was not welcomed by Cao. So Sun Quan made up his mind, drew his sword in public, cut off the corner of the table, and said, "Generals and officials dare to speak again and be welcome to practice, just like this!" With Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu as the left and right commanders, and Lu Su as a captain of Zanjun, they helped plan and led 30,000 soldiers including Huang Gai, Han Dang, Lv Meng, Ling Tong, Gan Ning, Zhou Tai and Lv Fan to fight Cao with Liu Bei along the river.

In Cao Ying, many people thought that Sun Quan would kill Liu Bei if he didn't dare to resist Cao Cao, and this idea was also reflected in Cao Cao's surrender book. However, Cheng Yu believes that it is only because Sun Quan's name is not enough that he is guilty, and Liu Bei's name is very good. Guan Yu and Zhang Fei are ten thousand enemies. Sun Quan will definitely support Liu Bei and use Liu Bei's name to fight against Cao Cao. Sure enough, Cheng Yu's statement became a fact.

Defeat Wulin

Zhou Yu's army met Liu Bei at Fankou. Then the two armies went upstream and went to Chibi to meet Cao Jun. The newly-compiled Cao Jun and the newly-attached Jingzhou Water Army were weak in fighting capacity. When fighting in the area east of the Yangtze River, they were already plagued by plague and the first battle was unfavorable. Cao Cao had to "lead the army northward" and tilt the warship to the Wulin side on the north shore. Zhou Yu docked the warship on the red cliff side of the south bank, and the two sides confronted each other. Zhou Yu suggested that Huang Gai fire attack: "Today, being outnumbered, it is difficult to last. However, the military ship is connected with the ship end to end, and it can burn away. " Zhou Yu adopted Huang Gai's suggestion and immediately decided to let Huang Gai approach Cao Cao's warship by pretending to surrender.

On the day of the war, Huang Gai had prepared ten light boats, full of firewood and oil, disguised as red curtains and flags. At that time, the southeast wind was urgent, and ten ships were sailing in front of Zhongjiang. Huang Gai saw the torch in his hand, and all the soldiers shouted in unison: "What's going on!" Cao Jun's officers and men were unprepared. "They all waited, watched and pointed at the words." . Two miles from Cao Jun, Huang Gai ordered the firewood to be lit, and at the same time he became very angry. The fire was fierce, and the ship flew like an arrow, burning up the north ship and extending to the camp on the shore. "After a while, the smoke will burn, and many people will burn and drown."

On the other side, Sun Liujun crossed the Yangtze River and defeated Cao Jun. Seeing that the defeat was irreversible, Cao Cao immediately set himself on fire and led the army to retreat. Zhou Yu and Liu Bei's army went hand in hand, and Cao Cao retreated in the direction of Jiangling along Huarong Road (now Jianli North, Hubei Province), but Liu Beijun could not catch up. When Cao Cao arrived at the gates of Jiangling, he returned to the north for fear of instability in the rear. Coss and others stayed behind, and Man Chong was stationed in Dangyang. Sun and Liu joined forces to win the victory in Battle of Red Cliffs.

Snatch Jingzhou

After Battle of Red Cliffs, Cao Cao returned to the north, and there was no chance to go south to Jingzhou on such a large scale. Cao Cao Group also lost the possibility of unifying the whole country in a short time. Sun and Liu also began to attack Cao Cao's land for their own power.

Sun Quan led a great army to attack Hefei in the north, but he got a retreat (see Hefei World War I for details); Zhou Yu and others also attacked Jiangling, where Coss stayed, and confronted each other across the river. Zhou Yu also sent Gan Ning to attack Yiling (now Yichang, Hubei), and Coss also divided his troops to besiege. Gan ning asked Zhou Yu for help. Zhou Yu used Lv Meng's plan to stay in Ling Tong, and then he and Lv Meng went to save him. After the siege of Gan Ning, he led his troops to the north shore. Pioneer Wu Jun first surrounded the Taurus department of Coss, but later Coss broke into the army twice to rescue himself. After the war between the two sides. Zhou Yu personally straddled the horse, but was shot on the right by a flowing arrow, which was quite badly hurt, so he returned it. Later Coss knew that Zhou Yu didn't get up, so he sent his troops to Zhen Wu. Zhou Yu got up and went to the barracks to encourage the officials and Cao Rengui to return. Then the two sides confronted each other. Later, Monroe said, "Yesterday, Zhou Yu and Cheng Pu were left and right governors and attacked Jiangling. Although he was the master, Pu relied on himself for a long time and was a vassal, so * * * disagreed and lost several state affairs. " Obviously, Jiangling cannot attack for a long time because of internal contradictions.

On the other hand, Liu Bei took Liu Qi as the secretariat of Jingzhou, and went south to the south of Jingzhou, including Wuling (now Changde, Hunan), Changsha, Guiyang (now Chenxian, Hunan) and Lingling (now Yongzhou, Hunan). When the four counties surrendered, Zhuge Liang was in charge of supervising Lingling, Guiyang and Changsha, adjusting taxes and banishing troops. Liu Bei went to Jiangling to help Zhou Yu, borrowed 2,000 soldiers and 1,000 men from Zhang Fei, and sent Guan Yu and Su Fei to wait in the water to stop Coss from escaping. However, Jiangling couldn't attack for a long time. Lejin, Huang Xu and Man Chong came to Xiashui and Hanjin to crusade against Guan Yu, so Guan Yu retreated. Liu Bei also sent him to North Road. Li Tong, the satrap of Runan, led the attack, dismounted and pulled out his antlers. He fought against Cao Renjun in the previous battle and was crowned the general bravely. But he got sick and died on the way. Finally, Coss was forced to retreat, and Zhou Yu was stationed in Jiangling, forming the embryonic form of the world's three points, which is also an opportunity for the three countries to stand up.