What are the characteristics, materials and scenery of the birdbath?

Located in the northwest of Qinghai Province, Qaidam Basin is one of the three inland basins in China, which is slightly triangular. Qaidam basin is located in the northern part of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Qaidam is not only a world of salt, but also rich in oil, coal and various metal deposits, such as oil in Lenghu, coal in You Xiang and lead-zinc mine in Xitieshan. Therefore, the Qaidam Basin has the reputation of "cornucopia". On 2011March 17, Qaidam basin in Qinghai province suffered the biggest sandstorm and windy weather in 40 years.

catalogue

Geographical features

natural resource

Geological climate

Catastrophic weather

ecological environment

Resource development energy resources

Medicinal material resources

Landscape wonders shell beam

Reed boat

"Ya Dan" landform

Geographical characteristics of desert control

natural resource

Geological climate

Catastrophic weather

ecological environment

Resource development energy resources

Medicinal material resources

Landscape wonders shell beam

Reed boat

"Ya Dan" landform

Desert control

Expand and edit the geographical features of this section.

Located in the northwest of Qinghai Province, the Qaidam Basin is a plateau basin with an east longitude of 9016 ′-9916 ′ and a north latitude of 35 00 ′-39 20 ′. The basin is slightly triangular, extending from northwest to southeast. It is about 800 kilometers long from east to west and 300 kilometers wide from north to south, covering an area of 257,768 square kilometers. It is one of the three inland basins in China.

Wallpapers (20 sheets) The basin is high in the west and low in the east, wide in the west and narrow in the east. Surrounded by high mountains, Kunlun Mountain in the south, Qilian Mountain in the north, Altun Mountain in the northwest and Sun Moon Mountain in the east, it is a closed inland basin. There are more than 5,000 salt lakes in the crescent valley formed by mountains and plateaus with an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters, of which Qinghai Lake is the largest, with an area of 1.600 square kilometers. Located in the northern part of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, Qaidam is not only a world of salt, but also rich in oil, coal and various metal deposits, such as oil in Lenghu, coal in You Xiang and lead-zinc mine in Xitieshan. Therefore, the Qaidam Basin has the reputation of "cornucopia".

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Qaidam Basin

The topography of the Qaidam basin is slightly inclined from northwest to southeast, and the altitude gradually drops from 3000 meters to about 2600 meters. The landform is concentric and annular. From the edge to the center, alluvial gravel area (Gobi), alluvial-alluvial silty plain, lacustrine-alluvial silty clay plain and lacustrine silty saline soil plain change regularly in turn. Salt lakes and swamps are widely distributed in low-lying areas. Rivers are mainly distributed in the east of the basin, and the water network in the west is extremely sparse. Most lakes in the basin have been salinized, and there are more than 20 large and small salt lakes. Qaidam basin is located in the west of Qinghai Lake. Although desolate, it is rich in products. It is rich in salt and other chemical elements. Mainly salt, boron, potassium, magnesium, lithium, rubidium, bromine, iodine, strontium, cesium, gypsum, mirabilite, trona and so on. And salt is more than 60 billion tons. The basin is rich in metals such as lead, zinc, chromium and manganese, as well as resources such as coal, oil and asbestos. The most famous are all kinds of salt. Among them, the proven reserves of sodium salt are more than 53 billion tons; The proven reserves of potassium chloride are more than 200 million tons, accounting for 97% of the total reserves in China; The proven reserves of boron are more than 1 1 10,000 tons, accounting for half of the total reserves in China; The proven reserves of magnesium chloride are about 2 billion tons. Therefore, the Qaidam Basin is also called "the world of salt".

Edit the geological climate of this section.

Qaidam Basin

The Ya Dan landform in Qaidam Basin is world-famous, which is caused by weathering. The salt production and minerals in the basin are quite rich, so it is no wonder that people regard the Qaidam Basin as a "wealth basin". At the same time, he also belongs to the desert area where strong winds prevail. In the spring and autumn rainy season, strong winds prevailed and were blocked by Kunlun Mountain in the west. The strong wind changed the direction here, and the wind speed also dropped, so many pebbles and sand grains were deposited in this belt-shaped area. For the whole Qaidam basin, it is a desert scene. Its abdomen is deposited with gravel falling from eroded mountains, as well as gravel and sand brought by the wind. Qaidam basin belongs to plateau continental climate, and drought is its main feature. The annual precipitation decreases from 200mm in the southeast to 15mm in the northwest, and the annual average relative humidity is 30-40%, and the lowest can be lower than 5%. The annual average temperature in the basin is below 5℃, and the temperature changes dramatically. The annual absolute temperature difference can reach above 60℃, the daily temperature difference is often around 30℃, and it can drop below 0℃ at night in summer. The wind is strong, and the number of gale days above magnitude 8 can reach 25 ~ 75 days, and there can even be a gale of 40 meters per second in the west, which is highly erosive. Qaidam Basin

From 196 1 year to 2006, the temperature in China increased by 0. 10℃-0.20℃ and that in Qinghai Plateau by 0.33℃ every1year. Among them, the Qaidam basin is as high as 0.44℃ per 10 year. As a result, the Qaidam basin has become the most significant warming area in Qinghai Plateau and even the whole country. While the temperature rises, the precipitation in the Qaidam Basin continues to increase. Since 1998, the precipitation in most areas of Qaidam basin has been increasing continuously, and the increasing trend is obviously greater than that in other areas of Qinghai Province. From 1998 to 2008, the average annual precipitation in all parts of the Qaidam Basin ranged from 13.5 to 95.5 mm, and compared with the historical average, the precipitation in most areas increased by more than 10%. Experts pointed out that global warming has brought a significant impact on the Qaidam Basin, and it has also become the most sensitive and significant area of climate change in the entire Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. There are various indications that the climate in Qaidam basin has changed from warm dry to warm wet.

On 2011March 17, affected by the cold air moving eastward from Xinjiang, a disastrous dusty weather occurred in Golmud, Qaidam basin, Qinghai Province from 1.33 to 2.28 am, with the maximum wind speed of 26.3 meters per second. This is also the sandstorm weather with the highest wind speed in the Qaidam Basin in recent 40 years, which has affected the production and life of local people. Relevant reporters saw in Golmud City that branches were blown off by strong winds everywhere in the streets of the city, and a toll station on the suburban 109 national highway collapsed under the violent attack of strong winds. According to the toll station staff, because the toll station is located in the suburbs, there is no shelter next to it. At that time, the maximum visibility was less than one meter when the dust passed. After the windy and dusty weather, snowflakes floated over Golmud City. According to the meteorological department, due to dust and snowfall, the temperature drop in Golmud City is about 8 degrees Celsius.

Qaidam Basin

The natural landscape of Qaidam Basin is arid desert, and the main soil types are salinized desert soil and gypsum desert soil. The latter is mainly distributed in the west of the basin, and meadow soil and swamp soil are generally salinized. Vegetation is sparse and simple, with less than 200 species, mainly shrubs, semi-shrubs and herbs with high drought resistance, and more halophytes. The vegetation structure is simple, and about 6/ 10 associations are composed of one or several species. In the foothill alluvial fan and alluvial plain, the desert vegetation community is mainly composed of ramie, ephedra, Haloxylon ammodendron and red sand shrubs; In salt marshes, along salt lakes and rivers, Cyperaceae plants densely form grass mounds, among which the dominant halophytes are Iris purpurea, centipede and Carex nigricans. Reed and Leymus chinensis dominate the periphery of salt lakes and swamps.

Landscape photo (1 1) The fauna in Qaidam Basin has the characteristics of transition from Meng Xin to Qinghai-Tibet. Wild animals mainly include wild camels, wild donkeys, wild yaks, antelopes, green sheep, marmots, wolves, Ma Xiong, roe deer, foxes and badgers. Due to reclamation and hunting, wild animals are greatly reduced at present, and some are on the verge of extinction.

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energy resources

The Qaidam Basin covers an area of 250,000 square kilometers, and the potential value of various resource reserves reaches 17.2 trillion yuan. In order to attract domestic and foreign capital and build the Qaidam Basin into a resource industrial base in western China, the Haixi State Party Committee and State Government actively constructed a new economic pattern with resource economy as the main body, with GDP growth exceeding 15% for three consecutive years. At present, an industrial base has been built in Qaidam Basin, producing 2.5 million tons of crude oil, 65.438 billion cubic meters of natural gas, 700,000 tons of potash fertilizer, 2 million tons of crude salt, 6.5438+0.8 million tons of soda ash and nearly 6.5438+0.00 million tons of copper, lead, zinc and asbestos.

Medicinal material resources

According to the investigation data of Tibetan medicine resources in Qaidam Basin by the relevant departments of Haixi Mongolian and Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, there are 782 kinds of medicinal plants, animals and minerals distributed in Qaidam Basin. The Sino-Tibetan medicinal materials produced are not only rich in reserves, but also have good medicinal effects. Some medicinal materials are unique, such as white-lipped deer antler, which is recognized as a first-class nourishing medicinal material. At present, Lycium barbarum widely planted in this basin has been tested and analyzed by Northwest Plateau Institute of Biology of Chinese Academy of Sciences and Northwest Agricultural University. Rhodiola is a medicinal plant distributed in this basin, which has been considered by the medical community as a new source of nutritional supplements after ginseng and acanthopanax senticosus. Studies show that Rhodiola sachalinensis is rich in amino acids and a variety of essential trace elements, which not only has the functions of anti-hypoxia, anti-cold, anti-fatigue, but also has the functions of delaying human aging, preventing and treating senile diseases, and has become an essential medicine for tourists entering Tibet.

Baker beam

On a Gobi desert in Qaidam basin, there is a hill about 2 kilometers long, which is called a shell beam by the locals. The thin saline-alkali soil covering layer on the surface of the shell beam is actually a shell accumulation layer of Claphabranchia and Gastropoda with a thickness of more than 20 meters. This rare natural wonder is the largest paleontological stratum found in the inland basin of China so far.

Reed boat

Shell bundle more than 20 kilometers to the west, came to the position of reed boat. This is a piece of land to be developed, so there is no fixed name. People usually say that it is in a small lake in the northwest of the Neolithic site "Nomhongta Vintari Ha". This area is the lowest place in the Qaidam Basin. The ancient sea left little lakes and swamps, so the rivers here are extremely developed, and large and small lakes exude fragrance in the depths of Gobi.

"Ya Dan" landform

Ya Dan is a Uyghur language, which means "mound and steep wall", also known as "wind erosion forest" and "sand stone forest". It is a peculiar wind erosion landform. The "Ya Dan" landform area starts from Yiliping in the west, reaches the Mazong Mahai Lake in the north, reaches the Mahai Lake in the east, and reaches Ertai Jiner in the south, with an east longitude of 97 degrees 18 minutes and a north latitude of 37 degrees 59 minutes, about 200 square kilometers west of Dachaidan Town. Due to the geological changes of hundreds of millions of years, the exposed tertiary strata were lifted by folds and broken by faults. Under the long-term action of external forces, various residual hills and trough-shaped lowlands formed by some surface materials were eroded. Due to the erosion of strong winds and sandstorms, with the passage of time, the cracks in the Hanhai saline-alkali beach in the basin are getting bigger and bigger, and the original flat surface has developed into many irregular ridges and grooves, which are elongated in the prevailing wind direction, the grooves are getting bigger and bigger, the ridges are getting smaller and smaller, and many unconnected mounds appear, forming a unique spectacle on the Gobi Desert, which is the famous "Ya Dan landform"

Qinghai province has taken various measures to speed up the pace of ecological management, and the oasis area in Qaidam basin has been expanding. According to satellite remote sensing monitoring, the degree of wind erosion and desertification in the sand area of Qaidam Basin has slowed down. In recent years, the desertification area has decreased significantly, and the land desertification area has decreased by 2.7% compared with that before 2000. With the improvement of vegetation, the number of wild animals in Qaidam basin has also increased greatly. Since 2000, 227,000 mu of farmland has been returned to forests in Qaidam Basin, with 65,438 520,000 mu of artificial afforestation and 65,438 680,000 mu of closed hills for afforestation. The compensation area for ecological benefits of national key public welfare forests has been expanded to 8,656,600 mu. Introduction Atlas More Atlas Wallpapers (20 sheets)