Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - How to grow the Chinese herbal medicine Isatis root?
How to grow the Chinese herbal medicine Isatis root?
Isatis root, also known as indigo, woad, woad, daqing, etc., is a biennial herb of the Brassicaceae family. The roots are used as medicine and are called Isatis root, which is harvested only in one year. The leaves are used as medicine and are called Daqingye. The roots and leaves are bitter and cold in nature. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, cooling blood and eliminating spots. Mainly produced in Anguo, Hebei and Nantong, Jiangsu. It is widely introduced and cultivated throughout the country. Cultivated in Heilongjiang, it can be planted as an annual and generally cannot survive the winter. To obtain seeds, collect the roots in autumn and store them in vegetable cellars. Planting in the second year will yield seeds.
It likes a mild and humid climate, is cold-tolerant, and is afraid of waterlogging. It is prone to root rot after being soaked in water. It is not strict with the soil and can be planted in general areas. Sufficient base fertilizer can withstand continuous cropping. However, it is better to choose sandy loam soil with good drainage.
(1) Land preparation and fertilization
For Isatis plants with deep root systems, choose land with deep and loose soil. Apply 3,000 to 4,000 kilograms of circle fertilizer per mu, 15 kilograms of diammonium phosphate per mu, and 4 kilograms of biological potassium fertilizer per mu. Spread evenly on the ground and plow it deeply for more than 30 centimeters, which will help the roots grow straight, smooth and without branches. Then make a 1 meter wide flat border ready for sowing.
(2) Sowing
Spring sowing is in early April and summer sowing is in late May. Drilling is better. Before sowing, soak the seeds in warm water at 40°C for 4 hours, then sow with grass ash and mix well. Then open a shallow trench 1.5 cm deep on the border with a row spacing of 20 cm, spread the seeds evenly in the trench, cover with 1 cm of soil, lightly suppress it, and irrigate it with water for 7 to 10 days before seedlings can emerge. For example, the seed germination rate is 70%. , the seed amount per acre is about 2.5 kilograms.
(3) Seed saving and seed collection
The large annual green leaves do not bloom and bear fruit, but the roots can be harvested in the year of spring sowing. When rooting, be sure to choose thick, strong, non-branched roots that are disease-free and insect-free. According to the row spacing of 40 cm × 30 cm, transplant to fertile seed land for cultivation. Water in time after planting and strengthen management. In winter, soil needs to be cultivated and fertilized to prevent cold. In April of the following year, after the seedlings turn green, water them in time to loosen the soil and remove weeds. Do not apply too much nitrogen fertilizer, otherwise the stems will become spindly and thin, and will easily fall when exposed to wind and rain, which will be detrimental to the maturation of the seeds. Therefore, it is necessary to apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. After the seeds are mature, they are harvested, dried and threshed, and stored in a dry place facing the wind.
(4) Field management
① Loose soil and weeding: Keep the land moist after sowing to facilitate seedling emergence. After the seedlings are unearthed, hoe them lightly to prevent damage to the seedlings, and always keep the soil loose and free of weeds.
②Thinning and setting of seedlings: When the seedlings are 7 to 8 centimeters tall, the seedlings are set according to a distance between plants of 6 to 10 centimeters, and weak seedlings are removed and strong ones are left to make up for missing seedlings.
③Top-dressing and watering: For crops mainly harvesting large green leaves, top-dressing should be done three times a year. After the first planting, use 10 to 15 kilograms of urea per acre, apply it in shallow trenches between the rows, and water in time when the ground is dry. For the second and third time, top-dress fertilizer immediately after harvesting the leaves. Each time, you can use circle fertilizer and apply an appropriate amount of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to make the plant grow strong. Mainly for harvesting isatis root, do not cut the leaves during the peak growth period, apply less nitrogen fertilizer, and apply fertilizer and plant ash appropriately to promote thick root growth and high root production. When both roots and leaves are harvested, cut the leaves once during the vigorous growth period and harvest after autumn. root.
(5) Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests
① Downy mildew: It damages the leaves. No white or gray mold will appear on the back of the leaves, and there will be no obvious spots. When the disease is serious, the leaves will turn yellow. Prevention and control methods: First, adopt comprehensive agricultural control measures such as ground drainage, waterlogging prevention in summer, ventilation and light transmission, and burning of diseased plants. The second is to spray 65% ??Zinc WP or chlorothalonil in the early stage of the disease to control its spread.
② Rapeseed caterpillars and aphids: damage the leaves. In severe cases, the leaves will be eaten into a net shape, the leaves will turn yellow, curled, and the plants will be short. The aphids should be sprayed with 40% dimethoate emulsion 2000 times, and the cabbage caterpillars should be sprayed with dimethoate. Kill, spray and control with Wanling. During the growth period, irrigate the roots with phoxim twice to prevent ground maggots from causing root rot.
(6) Harvesting and processing
If you harvest large green leaves, follow up with water and fertilizer management after sowing, and you can harvest 2 to 3 times a year. Choose a sunny day when harvesting the leaves, and dry them immediately with green color and good quality. If it rains, it should be dried, otherwise it will become moldy and turn black, which will reduce the quality. It can be used medicinally after drying. When collecting isatis root, be careful not to cut or damage it, which will affect the quality. Dry the roots until they are 60 to 70% dry, remove the soil, tie them into small bundles, and dry them in the sun. The best ones are those that are thick, uniform, neatly dried and powdery. Generally, the yield per mu of isatis roots is 300-500 kilograms and the leaves are about 200 kilograms.
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