What is Morse code?

The earliest Morse code was dots and dashes representing numbers. Numbers correspond to words. You need to look up a code table to know the numbers corresponding to each word. You can click, stroke and pause with the electric keys. Although Morse invented the telegraph, he lacked relevant professional knowledge. He signed an agreement with Alfred Weil to help him make more practical equipment. Alfred Weil conceived a scheme in which each character and punctuation can be sent independently of each other through dots, strokes and pauses in the middle. They agreed to include this scheme of marking different symbols in Morse's patent. This is now known as American Morse code, which was used to transmit the world's first telegram. This code can be transmitted by a smooth-pitched, intermittent radio signal, usually called continuous wave, abbreviated as CW. It can be an electronic pulse in a telegraph line or a mechanical or visual signal (such as a flash). Generally speaking, any coding method that can express written words with variable-length signals can be called Morse code. But now this term is only used to refer to two kinds of Morse code representing English letters and symbols: American Morse code is used in cable telegraph communication system; The international Morse code still in use today only uses dots and dashes (no pause). The telegraph company charges according to the length of the letter to be sent. The commercial code carefully designed a set of five characters to send as a word. For example: byoxo ("Do you want to climb out?" ); LIOUY ("Why don't you answer my question?" ); AYYLU ("There is no clear code, repeat it more clearly." )。 These five-character abbreviations can be sent separately in Morse code. In network language, we will also say some of the most commonly used Morse business codes. Q- abbreviations and Z- abbreviations are still used in amateur radios: they were originally used to exchange information between operators, such as communication quality, frequency changes and telegraph numbers. 1838 65438+1On October 8th, Alfred Weil showed a telegraph code using dots and dashes, which is the predecessor of Morse code. Morse code, as an information coding standard, has a very long lifetime that other coding schemes can't surpass. Before 1999, Morse code has been used as an international standard for maritime communication. 1997, when the French navy stopped using Morse code, the last message was: "Attention, everyone, this is the last cry before we are silent forever!" [Edit this paragraph] As a practically extinct code, American Morse code uses different dots, dashes and unique intervals to represent numbers, characters and special symbols. This Morse code is mainly designed for ground operators, and it is transmitted by telegraph wire, not by radio waves. This ancient and staggered code is designed to match the way the operator answers. Unlike now, you can hear the tone of the code from speakers or headphones. You can only hear the click of a mechanical generator of these earliest telegrams, and even hear the answer from the send key: this key is set to slave mode when not sending signals, and is responsible for making sounds. Most of these operators serve railways or future Western Union transmission. Like many young people at that time, Edison in his teens was such an operator. [Edit this paragraph] Modern international Morse code Today, international Morse code is still in use, although it has almost completely become the patent of amateur radio enthusiasts. Until 2003, the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) managed the work of obtaining amateur radio licenses for Morse code professionals all over the world. In some countries, some bands of amateur radio are still reserved for sending Morse code signals. Because Morse only relies on a stable radio signal, its radio communication equipment is simpler than other methods and can be used in high noise and low signal environment. At the same time, it only needs a very narrow bandwidth, and it can also help two operators whose mother tongues are different and traffic communication will encounter great difficulties. This is also the most commonly used method of QRP. In the United States, until 199 1 year, in order to obtain the amateur radio certificate issued by FCC, it was necessary to pass the Morse code test of five words per minute (WPM). Before 1999, the highest level of amateur radio certificate (extra class) can only be obtained if the proficiency reaches 20WPM; 1999 12 13, FCC reduced this requirement of extra classes to 13WPM. In 2003, the World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC03, a biennial special conference on frequency allocation sponsored by ITU) made a decision to allow countries to choose whether to require the use of Morse code in amateur radio license management. Although there is still a written requirement in the United States and Canada, in some other countries, it is being prepared to completely cancel this requirement. Skilled amateurs and military operators can often receive (copy) Morse code at a speed of over 40WPM. Although the traditional telegraph key is still used by many enthusiasts, semi-automatic and fully automatic electronic keys have been widely used today. Computer software is also often used to generate and decode Morse code radio signals. Now, manufacturers such as Nokia will still add the Morse code of "SMS (————)" to the SMS ringtone of mobile phones. Since the launch of 1967, Hong Kong TVB has played Morse code audio of Today's News in the background music every time. [EDit this paragraph] There are two kinds of "symbols" for time control and representation: dash (-) and dot (), or click (Dah) and dit respectively, or long and short. The length of the point determines the sending speed as the sending time reference. The following is a schematic diagram of time control: Morse code table: ————————/Here, "——" means a line and "——" means a point. This is the exact sending time of the above message ("=" means that the signal is yes, ""means that the signal is no, and each is the length of a point): = =. = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = The interval between the dot and the dash is the length of a dot; The interval between characters is the length of three points; The interval between words is the length of seven points. Beginners are often taught to pronounce short, short and fast characters, and to exaggerate the spacing between symbols and words with dot spacing. Comparatively speaking, this method is easier to learn. People who are familiar with Morse code often speak or spell [where "Dah" is pronounced as "awe"] like this: ——————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————— Dah Dah. Alphabetic character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol a. ━ b ━ ... c ━ ... d ━ ... e.f ━ ... I ... J. ━ ━ K ━...M ━.

Numeric character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol 0 │ │1. │ │ │ 2 ...│ │ 3 ...│ │ 4 ...│ 5 ...6 │ ...8 │ │ ....

Punctuation symbol character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol ... │ │: │ │ │ │ │; ━ .━ .━ .？ ..━ ━ ..=━ ...━'.━ ━ ━ ━ ./━ ..━ .！ ━ .━ .━ ━━ ━ ....━_..━ ━ .━".━ ..━ .(━ .━ ━ .)━ .━ ━ .━$...━ ..━& amp； . ...@.━ ━ .━ .

Non-English character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol or? . ━ ━ .━? Or? . ━ .━ch━ ━ ━ ━？ Or? 0? 6━ .━ ..？ ..━ ━ .é..━ ..è.━ ..━? 0? 4━ ━ .━ .？ 0? 2━ .━ ━ .？ 0? 7.━ ━ ━ .？ ━ ━ .━ ━? Or? ━ ━ ━ .？ 0? Four ...? . ━ ━.ü or？ 0? 9..━ ━

Special symbol character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol character code symbol ar ............................................................................................................. ..................................................

Special symbol (the same symbol) These are some dot combinations with special significance. They are connected by two-letter Morse code, which can save the interval time necessary for sending as two letters at ordinary times. AR: —— (Stop, message ends) As :———— (Wait) K :—————— (Invite to send a signal) (usually follow AR, which means "it's your turn") SK :———————————— (Stop, contact ends) BT: —— (. A-All after (used to repeat after a question mark) AB-All before (same) ARRL- American Radio Relay League ABT-about (about) ADS-Address (address) AGN- once again (antenna) BN-All between (semi-automatic key) C-Yes (yes, Ok) CBA-Callbook address CFM- Confirm CLG- Call CQ- Call any radio station CUL- See you later CUZ- Because. CW- CW CX-Conditions DE-From dx (sometimes referred to as long-distance communication) ES-And (sum) FB-Fine business (similar to "OK") FCC-Federal Communications Commission (FCC) FER-For (for) FREQ-Frequency (frequency) ga- Good afternoon or continue (depending on the context). (good afternoon) GE- good evening (good night) GM- good morning (good morning) GND- ground (ground potential) (ground) GD- good (good) hi-glory (laughs; (Laughter) HR-Here (here) HV-had (with) LID-Poor operator (poor operator) Mills-mA (mA)NIL--None (no) NR-Number (serial number) OB-Old boy (old boys). OC- old buddy OM- old man (any male amateur radio operator is OM). OO- official observer OP- operator OT- old timer OTC- old timer club OOTC- old timer club PSE-Pl. Please confirm PWR-Power QCWA- Quarter Century Wireless Association R I- or decimal point (depending on the context) RCVR-Receiv. Er (receiver) RPT- repeat or report) (determined according to the context) rst- signal report format (readability-signal strength-tone) (RTTY- radio teletypewriter) r. X- receiving SAE- self-address envelope Sase- self-address, stamped envelope, sealed envelope SED-Said. SKED-Schedule SN-Soon (soon = Not too distant future) SOS- (Emergency call = International use) SRI-Sorry (Sorry) STN-Station (Radio) TEMP-Temperature (Temperature) TMW- Tomorrow (Thank you) TNX-Thanks (Thank you) TX-Transmit (Thank you) UR-Your or y You (you or you have) (depending on the context) URS- your (your) VY- very (very) WDS -go way (asking to leave, unfriendly) See the entry: Q abbreviation [editing this paragraph] To communicate clearly in Morse code, only letters are enough. In order to make communication more efficient, there are many modes in the world. This is an example of CW communication, which takes place between radio station A (s 1) and radio station B (s2): S1:CQCQCQCQCQ CQ DE S1K [Call anyone (CQ), which is (de)s 1. ] s2: s 1des2k (calling S 1, this is s2, over) (now the two stations have established communication connection) S 1: sk (goodbye. ) S2: Goodbye. For example, there is nothing to talk about between the radio stations above. This is just a demonstration of contact. [Edit this paragraph] SOS1909 In August, the American ship "Arap" was unable to sail because of the broken stern shaft, so it sent a "SOS" signal to the neighboring coast and passing ships. This is the first time to use this signal. 19 12, when the famous Titanic cruise ship was in distress on its maiden voyage, it sent out CQD (Marconi Radio Company of Britain decided to use CQD as a distress signal), but because D (——) was easily confused with other letters, the surrounding ships didn't realize that it was a distress signal, and there was no quick rescue, so they only used a new distress signal SOS (————). In fact, although SOS signal was formulated in 1906, British radio operators seldom use SOS signal, and they prefer the old CQD distress signal. John George Philip, the chief radio officer of Titanic, kept sending CQD distress signals until Harold Brad, a junior radio operator, suggested him, "Send SOS, this is a new call signal, and this may be your last chance to send it!" Then Philip mixed the SOS signal with the traditional CQD distress signal. Because there was no 24-hour radio, the California didn't receive the distress signal until the next morning.