Where is the highest temperature in summer in China?

When it comes to the place with the highest temperature in summer in China, people often think of Chongqing first. The average temperature in Chongqing in July exceeded 28℃, and the extreme maximum temperature reached 44℃. Because of the hot summer in Chongqing, people call Chongqing a "stove" or a "steamer". In the sultry summer night in Chongqing, people often can't sleep all night.

The main reason for the high temperature in Chongqing in summer is that it is controlled by the subtropical high belt, and the descending airflow prevails, resulting in the warming effect. Chongqing is located in the Yangtze River valley, and its air exchange with the outside world is relatively weak, which also aggravates its high temperature. The surface paddy fields, ponds and vegetation in Chongqing area are large, and the evaporation and transpiration of water vapor and humid air are large, which makes it difficult for people to evaporate after sweating and aggravates people's sultry feeling. Some people think that it is more appropriate to call Chongqing a "steamer".

It has been pointed out that it is unscientific to call Nanjing, Wuhan and Chongqing the three "stoves". Because the average temperature in these three cities in July is less than 29℃. In Jiangnan, there are not a few cities where the average temperature in July exceeds 29℃. For example, Guixi in Jiangxi is 30℃, and Hengyang in Hunan is 29.8℃. Therefore, Nanjing, Wuhan and Chongqing are called the three "stoves" because of the rendering of some literati, which does not mean that these three places are the hottest places in China in summer.

So, where is the hottest place in China in summer? Not in the southern coastal areas with low latitude, but in the Turpan basin with high latitude but deep inland. The average temperature in Turpan in July was 32.7℃, and the extreme maximum temperature was 49.6℃ on July 1975.

In Turpan basin, there is a saying that "eggs are boiled in the sand and baked on the slate". In order to verify this statement, once, members of an expedition buried eggs in a sand pile 5 cm deep in this basin. As a result, after 40 minutes, the eggs were really cooked. It is said that there is a flaming mountain in Turpan Basin. In fact, the so-called Flame Mountain is located in the middle of Turpan Basin, and its highest point is 85 1 m above sea level. Because this mountain is composed of Jurassic red rock formations, whenever the sun shines on the mountain in the evening, it looks like a flame from a distance. If people go near the Flame Mountain, they will feel a heat wave. But if you climb over the hillside and enter the valley of the Flame Mountain, you can see the distribution of mountain springs and oases, which makes people feel much cooler. The Flame Mountain is close to Tianshan Mountain, and the towering Bogda Peak is covered with ice and snow. In the hot summer, the snow and ice on the mountain melt a lot, and there is a steady stream of snow and ice melt water at the foot of the Flame Mountain. In some years, there was a flood in Turpan basin, which is famous for its dry heat.

Why is there such high temperature weather in Turpan Basin?

First of all, although Turpan Basin is located in the north of 40 north latitude, in summer, the angle between the midday sun and the ground is quite large. In addition, in summer, the days are long, the sky is clear and partly cloudy, so the solar radiation heat reaching the ground is very large.

Secondly, Turpan basin is deep inland and has obvious continental climate characteristics. The ground heat capacity is small, and the temperature rises sharply after heating, unlike the eastern coastal areas affected by sea breeze, so it is more prone to high temperature weather than the eastern coastal areas under the same heating conditions.

Moreover, the surface of Turpan Basin lacks vegetation and a large number of waters, so the effect of evaporation and transpiration is not obvious.

In addition, the Turpan Basin is relatively closed and the communication between the atmosphere and the outside world is weak, which is easy to cause high temperature in some areas.

Under the comprehensive effect of the above reasons, the temperature in Turpan Basin is very high in summer, making it a "fire state" in China. Turpan basin produces cotton, grapes and fruits. Because of the large temperature difference between day and night, it is beneficial for crops to accumulate nutrients. Therefore, the quality of crops in Turpan basin is good, the fiber of cotton is long and the sugar content of grapes and melons is high. There are many varieties of grapes here, and the most precious one is "seedless white grape", which is sweet and juicy with crystal clear meat. If dried in a cool room, it will turn into translucent emerald raisins. The raisins produced here are well known. It is said that as far back as 1500 years ago, Gao Changguo sent envoys to pay tribute to Turpan raisins in Liang Wudi.