Where is the hairy crab in the Yellow River Estuary?

Yellow River Mouth Hairy Crab is a geographical indication product of agricultural products.

Yellow River Mouth Hairy Crab, scientific name Eriocheir sinensis, commonly known as Hairy Crab, Clear Water Crab, etc. It was recognized as a famous brand product by China International Agricultural Expo 1999 and 200 1, and became one of the dominant aquatic products in Shandong Province.

Dongying City, Shandong Province is located at the mouth of the Yellow River, which is extremely rich in aquatic products. Yellow River Mouth Hairy Crab is a major specialty and superior aquatic product in Shandong Province. Yellow River Mouth Hairy Crab, scientific name Eriocheir sinensis, commonly known as Hairy Crab, Clear Water Crab, etc. , is a famous freshwater crab in China. Hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary of Dongying City, Shandong Province are generally plump, tender in meat, delicious in taste and rich in nutrition, which is an excellent food on people's table.

territorial scope

Hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary are located in Dongying City, with geographical coordinates of11807'-1910' and 36 55'-3810' north latitude. They naturally grow in all waters, ponds and reservoirs.

Natural ecological environment and human and historical factors

(1) Climate: Dongying City is located in a warm temperate and semi-humid area, with a continental monsoon climate, with the same season of rain and heat and distinct four seasons. Spring is dry and windy, early spring is changeable, late spring is often cold, and late spring is rapid, which often causes spring drought; Summer is hot and rainy, hot and humid, and sometimes it is attacked by typhoons; In autumn, the temperature drops, the rain drops sharply, and the autumn is crisp; In winter, the weather is dry and cold, the cold wind blows frequently, the rain and snow are scarce, and the north wind and northwest wind blow more. There is no obvious difference in climate between north and south of China. The annual average temperature is 12.5℃, the frost-free period is as long as 206 days, the accumulated temperature is about 4300℃ ≥ 10℃, the light energy resources are abundant, the annual average sunshine hours are 2692.5 hours, and the annual total solar radiation is 123.6- 127.6 kcal/. The annual precipitation is 550-600 mm, mostly concentrated in summer, and the precipitation from July to August accounts for about half of the annual precipitation.

(2) Hydrological situation: The Dongying section of the Yellow River starts from Binzhou boundary, runs through the whole territory of Dongying City from southwest to northeast, and flows into Bohai Sea in the northeast of Kenli County, with a total length of138km. The runoff of the Yellow River varies greatly from year to year, with uneven distribution and large sediment concentration during the year. According to the measured data of Lijin Hydrological Station 1950-200 1 year, the average annual runoff of the Yellow River is 33.26 billion cubic meters, with the maximum of 97.3.1100 million cubic meters (1964) and the minimum of 185438+0 billion cubic meters. The maximum discharge is 65438+. The average annual sediment discharge is 836 million tons, the maximum is 265438+ tons (1.958), and the minimum is1.600 million tons (1.997). Huang since the 1990s.

The annual runoff of rivers is reduced and often cut off. After 1999, the yellow river water conservancy commission strengthened the management of water transfer along the yellow river, and the phenomenon of water cut-off slowed down, and continuous flow began to be realized in 2000. Besides the Yellow River, there are 30 backbone water systems in the city. Taking the Yellow River as the dividing line, the south of the Yellow River belongs to the Huaihe River Basin, including Xiaoqing River and its tributaries Zi River, Yang River, Nihezi River and Preparation River, tributaries Xiaohezi, Wujiadagou, Guangpu River and Wuganpai, Guangli River and its tributaries, Dongying River, Laoguangpu River, Wuliuhe River and Pai, Yongfeng River and its tributaries Sanpaigou, Weihe River and Xiaodao River. The north of the Yellow River belongs to the Haihe River Basin, with Chaohe and its tributaries Chuguan River, Taiping River, Maxin River, Lizhan River and Caoqiaogou, and the east main stream has Caoqiaogou, Tiao River, Shenxian River and its tributaries Dong Xinwei River 10 rivers. All the above rivers are connected with the Bohai Sea, and all of them have the natural distribution of hairy crabs in the Yellow River estuary. From June 65438+February to March of the following year, hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary laid eggs in the salty and fresh water area where fresh water and seawater meet. With the growth and development of hairy crab larvae, they went upstream and entered the inland fresh water area for growth.

(3) Yellow River Estuary Wetland: The Yellow River crosses the sea from southwest to northeast in the middle of Dongying City, with a total length of 1.38km ... Over the years, the sediment of the Yellow River has been deposited in the estuary, and the sediment has become the Yellow River Delta. There are 153000 hectares of tidal flat wetlands where the Yellow River enters the sea; The raging river roared through it and merged into the sea. In recent years, the sediment carried by the Yellow River has been pushed to Bohai Bay at a speed of 3 kilometers per year, and 30,000-40,000 mu of sea area has been deposited into new land resources. This is the Yellow River Delta Nature Reserve, established by 1987 to protect wetland ecosystems and rare and endangered birds. The nature reserve is only 60 kilometers away from Dongying municipal government, and belongs to temperate monsoon continental climate, with four distinct seasons, abundant sunshine and the same period of rain and heat, with an average annual precipitation of 5565438 0.6 mm. This delta is a marine sedimentary plain filled with a large amount of sediment by the Yellow River in Bohai Depression. The newly formed swing tail land zone of the Yellow River is wide and low-lying, with its area expanding year by year and unique ecological type. A large area of shallow sea beaches and wetlands are formed at the intersection of Haihe River. The water quality in this sea area is excellent, pollution-free, with a pH of 8.0-8.3, weakly alkaline water with a total hardness of 2. 16-5.56, weakly hard water with a salinity of 0.2-0.6g/L, rich in nutrients, aquatic plants and rich in feed organisms. It is the main natural habitat of hairy crabs in the Yellow River estuary, and it is also the artificial breeding parent crab of hairy crabs in the Yellow River estuary. High-quality and abundant Yellow River water and abundant reed resources provide unique conditions for the reproduction and growth of hairy crabs in the Yellow River estuary. Therefore, the species of hairy crabs here are pure, the meat is delicious, the meat is delicate and elastic, and the individual weight of adult crabs can reach 150g-450g.

(4) Human history: According to historical records, after the Yellow River broke the Qinghe River in the fourth year of Emperor Yong Guang of the Han Dynasty (40 BC), the Yellow River changed its course from Kaifeng to Huaihe River from Qiancheng to 1642, which lasted 1682. In the meantime, the Yellow River entered the sea many times in this city, carrying a lot of sediment to the estuary.

Reclaim land from the sea. According to legend, with the Yellow River entering the sea many times in this city, hairy crabs are naturally distributed here, with a history of 1000 years. At that time, the coastline had been pushed eastward from Luojiawuzi and Laoye Temple in Lijin County to Jianlin and Xiazhen in Kenli County.

Since 1855 (the fifth year of Qing Xianfeng), the Yellow River has broken through the steel tile box, passed through Zhangqiu Town of Fan County, crossed the canal to seize the Daqing River, and entered the sea from Lijin County. 100 years (1938- 1947), the Yellow River water flows into the sea from the Huaihe River, with an annual sediment concentration of 25.58 kg/m3 (Lijin Hydrological Station), and the annual sediment transport to the Yellow River estuary is165438+200 million tons, with Ninghai as the peak.

Hairy crabs have been widely distributed in the Yellow River Delta since the Yellow River diverted from Dongying to the sea. The Yellow River is a river suspended on the ground, with no pollution, good water quality and rich nutrition, which provides a good living environment for hairy crabs. The hairy crabs in the Yellow River estuary are delicious, nutritious and of high medicinal value. Therefore, local farmers began to breed hairy crabs very early. 1992, Kenli County Nursery Farm took the lead in carrying out artificial breeding of hairy crabs in the whole city and achieved success. From 65438 to 0994, the artificial breeding of hairy crabs began to be produced on a large scale, which promoted the scale of hairy crab breeding in the city to expand year by year and the breeding output increased year by year.

Eriocheir sinensis is the most abundant freshwater crab in China, commonly known as "crab", "hairy crab" and "clear water hairy crab". Hairy crabs have strong adaptability and are widely distributed in China, reaching Yalu River in Liaoning in the north, Leizhou Peninsula in Guangdong in the south, and even in Shashi, Hubei, more than 0/000 kilometers away from Haiyang/Kloc. As a delicious food, hairy crabs have been favored by people since ancient times. Li Shizhen praised the cloud in the Ming Dynasty: "Fresh crabs are mixed with ginger vinegar, and alcohol is used. Chewing yellow is the best way to enjoy the flavor. " In the Qing Dynasty, Li Yu even called crabs: "The color, fragrance and taste are extremely high, and there is nothing to offer them." Therefore, it is known as "crabs are tasteless on the table". Crab is rich in nutrition and contains many vitamins, among which vitamin A is higher than other terrestrial and aquatic animals, vitamin B2 is 5-6 times higher than meat, 6- 10 times higher than fish and 2-3 times higher than eggs. The content of vitamin B 1 and phosphorus is 6- 10 times higher than that of common fish. Every 65438 000g of crab edible part contains 65438 07.5g of protein, 2.8g of fat, 65438 082mg of phosphorus, 65438 026mg of calcium and 2.8mg of iron. Crab shell is not only rich in calcium, but also contains crab red and crab yellow

Hairy crabs are not only delicious in food, but also have great potential as medicinal materials. "Herbal Supplement" said: "Its merits are not only scattered, but also nourishing blood." According to Compendium of Materia Medica, crabs have the functions of relaxing muscles and tendons, invigorating qi and regulating stomach, promoting digestion, dredging meridians, clearing heat and removing blood stasis. Crab meat is salty and cold, which has the functions of clearing heat, removing blood stasis and nourishing yin.

Can be used for treating traumatic injury, tendon injury, fracture and allergic dermatitis. Crab shells are calcined and mixed with honey. External application can treat wasp sting or other nameless swelling. Crab meat has a good effect on all kinds of cancers. At the same time, it is a natural tonic for children. Regular consumption can supplement various trace elements necessary for children's bodies. Modern research has found that crab shells contain a substance-chitin, and a substance called ACOS-6 can be extracted from chitin, which has low toxicity and immune activation characteristics. Animal experiments have confirmed that this substance can inhibit the proliferation and metastasis of cancer cells.

Production technical requirements

(1) Selection of origin and special contents: The production base should be selected in an area with no pollution and good ecological conditions. The location of the base should be far away from industrial and mining areas and highway and railway trunk lines to avoid the influence of industrial and urban pollution sources, and the production base should have sustainable production capacity. It meets the requirements of NY505 1-200 1 Freshwater Aquaculture Quality of Pollution-free Food.

(2) Variety selection and specific requirements: Yellow River Mouth Hairy Crab.

(3) Production process management, including special use regulations of agricultural inputs: the provisions of Shandong local standard DB37/T675-2007 "Technical Specification for Hairy Crab Breeding in the Yellow River Estuary" shall be implemented.

(4) Product harvesting: The growth period of hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary of Dongying is from1May to1August, the male crabs reach 150g, and the female crabs can be harvested above 125g.

(5) Production record requirements: The hairy crabs in the Yellow River estuary of Dongying adopt traceability number. The number is based on the manufacturing enterprise and a unique code is given as the enterprise number. Each base records the whole production process, including seedling raising, detained crab cultivation, adult crab cultivation and other production processes for future inquiry.

Typical product quality characteristics and product quality and safety regulations

(1) External characteristics:

Hairy crabs in the Yellow River estuary are classified into super-class, first-class and second-class by weight. Countable indicators shall conform to the provisions of table 1.

Table 1 Statistical indicators of commercial crabs

Individual weight (grams), deformity rate (%) and injury rate (%)

Super male crab ≥ 175≤2≤5

Female crab ≥ 125

The first-class male crab 125 ~ 175

Female crab 100 ~ 125

Secondary male crab 100 ~ 125

Female crab 75 ~ 100

(2) Sensory requirements and physical and chemical indicators: The appearance of hairy crabs in the Yellow River Estuary has obvious regional characteristics, with light blue or brownish yellow back nails, silvery white abdomen and basically no water rust spots. Adult crab claws have dense brown fluff and golden bristles. In the second step, the long part of the foot exceeds the position of the eyeball, and the notch between the forehead and the teeth is deep and obvious.

From mid-October of165438 to mid-October of 1 1, the physical and chemical indexes of commercial crabs should meet the requirements in Table 2.

Table 2 Physical and chemical indexes of commercial crabs

Project male crab and female crab

Crude protein /(%) ≥ 12.438+06.6

Crude fat /(%)≥6. 1 13.8

Ash /(%)≤2.0 1.45

Moisture /(%)≤74.664. 1

(3) Safety requirements: The hairy crab environment in Dongying Yellow River Estuary meets GB/T 18407.4-200 1 Safety, Quality and Environment Requirements for Agricultural Products and Pollution-free Aquatic Products.

The hairy crab products in Dongying Yellow River estuary meet GB 18406.4-200 1 Safety Requirements for Agricultural Products and Pollution-free Aquatic Products.

Packaging identification and other relevant regulations.

(1) label: the label of sales package must comply with the provisions of GB77 18, including at least: product name, specification, grade, product standard code, net content, name and address of manufacturer or distributor, production date and shelf life.

(2) Packaging: Any packaging should be full, and the packaging container should have air holes. Packaging should be non-toxic and harmless. The packaging should be marked with the words "Yellow River Mouth Hairy Crab" geographical indication of agricultural products.

(3) Transportation: The temperature shall be lowered in advance during air transportation, and the packaging method shall be implemented in accordance with the provisions of civil aviation cargo transportation. Any means of transport should be dehydrated and humidified before shipment.

(4) Storage: Storage containers and places should be protected from pollution by toxic and harmful substances.