Information about crickets

Also known as "promoting weaving", "protecting weaving" and "cricket". Insecta, Orthoptera, Cricket Family. The antenna is longer than the body. Female fallopian tubes are exposed. Men are good at singing and fighting. There are many kinds, the most common one is China cricket, which is about 20 mm long. Give birth to a generation every year. Pronunciation by rubbing your wings. Dry worms are used as medicine, warm in nature, pungent and salty in taste, toxic, diuretic, edema and urinary tract obstruction. Also in the same family are oil gourd, big coffin cricket and so on. Because they are all underground, they are all agricultural pests, biting the stems, leaves, seeds and roots of plants.

Cricket is an ORTHOPTERA (Cricket Family) insect, which is famous for its sweet singing. About 2400 species, 3? 50 mm (0. 12? 2 inches). The antenna is thin, the hind foot is suitable for jumping, and the abdomen has three hocks and two slender sensory appendages (tail whiskers). The front wings are as hard as leather; The hind wings are membranous and used for flying. Males communicate with a row of teeth (about 50? 250) Rub against each other and make a sound. The frequency of sound depends on the number of times of tapping teeth per second, ranging from the largest cricket species to nearly 1 0,500 cycles per second to the smallest cricket species. The rate of singing is directly related to the temperature, and increases with the increase of temperature. The most common song is the courtship that attracts females; There are courtship sounds that induce females to mate, and there are also fighting sounds that drive away other males. Both men and women have sensitive hearing organs in the tibiotibial segment of the forefoot. Most female insects lay eggs in soil or plant stems with slender ovipositors, which can often cause serious harm to plants. In the north, crickets are more mature than autumn to lay eggs, and nymphs hatch and molt in the next spring. 12 times and mature. The average life span of an adult is 6? Eight weeks.

Gryllus and Gryllinae's domestic crickets (formerly known as Gryllus Achetadomesticus) are stout, black or brown, and often make shallow holes; Feed on plants, animals, clothes or the like. Field crickets, also known as black crickets, often live in fields or courtyards, and sometimes enter indoors. The head of domestic crickets is light with dark horizontal bands; Has been introduced from Europe to North America; Found in buildings and garbage dumps; Domestic crickets and field crickets are widely distributed and sing day and night. It is sold as bait in the United States for biological experiments. The genus Oncomelania often appears in poems and texts. For example, Dickens' The Good Earth. Nemobiinae is 12 mm long, has a series of high-profile vibrato, and lives in pastoral areas and forest areas. There are three black lines in the abdomen of the striped needle cricket (Nemobiusvittatus). The swim bladder is white or green. Wings are transparent; Eating aphids is beneficial, but it damages branches when laying eggs; Singing is a long vibrato. Snow-white tree cricket (Oecanthusfultoni) is commonly known as thermometer tree cricket, because the number of vibrato it gives out at 15 seconds plus 40 is about equal to the Fahrenheit temperature at that time. Species inhabiting trees and shrubs call at night, while grass species call day and night. There are fewer species of liriominae, 3? 5 mm long, wingless, arched back, living in an ant nest. A kind of wingless shrubbery cricket subfamily (Mogoplistinae), which is common under shrubs or rubble near the water in tropical sandy areas, and has a slender body, 5? 13 mm, wingless or small, covered with transparent scales, easy to grind off. Sparganinae (winged scrub crickets) 4? 9 mm long, sword-shaped ovipositor, living in the bushes by the pool. The brown shrub cricket (Eneopterinae) is large, slender and light brown, which is common in trees or shrubs. In the east, people put male crickets in cages to listen to their calls; Cricket fighting has a history of hundreds of years in China. Crickets play an important role in myths and superstitions. People think that the existence of crickets equals good luck and wisdom, and hurting crickets will bring misfortune. A large brown fried cricket is sold in the market in Mandalay, Myanmar, and is often eaten by traveling monks.

In English, many other insects are also called crickets, such as kitchen horses, Jerusalem crickets, moles and fleas.

Edit the name of the species in this paragraph.

Cricket (Xi Shuai) (Gryllululus invertebrates, Insecta, Orthoptera, Cricket Family. A promoter, the common name of cricket nightingale in northern China, general worms, autumn insects and cockfighting' tends to weave. cricket

Most crickets are small and medium-sized, and a few are large. Tan to dark brown. The head is round, the chest is wide, and the filiform antenna is slender and easy to break. Chewing mouthparts. Some jaws are developed, which is worse than biting a bucket. The forefoot and midfoot are similar and have the same length; Developed hind feet, good at jumping; The tail and beard are longer. The lateral side of the auditory organ on the tibiofibular joint of the forefoot is larger than the medial side. Men like singing, fighting and killing each other. There is a sounder on the front wing of the male insect, which consists of a scraper on the wing vein, a friction vein and a sounder. The front wing is lifted and rubbed left and right, thus vibrating the pronunciation mirror and making a tone. The female body is larger, the needle-shaped or spear-shaped ovipositor is exposed, and the wings are small. Male crickets compete for food, consolidate territory and occupy females.

Edit the distribution scope of this paragraph

About 2500 species are known in the world, and about 150 species are known in China, including 50 species in Taiwan Province province. (In addition, the data here is debatable: there are more than 400 names of/kloc-0 in the world, and there are more than 30 in China. ) Several pests are dry crops.

Edit the living habits of this paragraph.

Crickets dig holes and usually live on the ground, under bricks and stones, in soil holes and in grass. Go out at night. Omnivorous, eating all kinds of crops, saplings, vegetables and fruits. Some behaviors of crickets can be induced by specific external stimuli. When fighting cricket, if the whiskers of male cricket are stimulated with soft hair, they will be encouraged to pounce on their opponents and work hard; If you touch its tail hair, it will arouse its disgust. Kick it back with the tibiofibular joint of the hind foot to show resistance.

Crickets are withdrawn and generally live independently. They are never allowed to live with other crickets (males also live with another female when mating), so they can't tolerate each other. Once they meet, they will fight. Crickets are famous for their caution. In the cricket family, male and female crickets did not achieve "a hundred years of good cooperation" through "free love". Which male cricket is brave and good at fighting and defeats other members of the same sex, then it gains the possession of the female cricket, so polygamy is widespread in the cricket family. Of course, from the perspective of biological evolution, this is also natural selection, and the survival of the fittest is conducive to the healthy reproduction of the children and grandchildren of the cricket family. Besides, crickets are also famous for their singing. Different tones and frequencies can express different meanings. The loud and long-paced chirping of crickets at night is not only a warning to other sexes: this is my territory, don't invade it! At the same time, he appealed to the opposite sex: "I am here, come on!" When someone of the same sex intrudes unappreciative, it will sing with dignity and urgency to show a solemn warning. If the "ultimatum" fails, then in order to seize the territory and defend the leader, a fierce battle will begin. Two crickets threw off their fangs, kicked their legs and flapped their wings, and fought together, as fiercely as the worst melee between the two countries in ancient times. Crickets are almost widely distributed all over the country, and there are more provinces south of the Yellow River. It likes to inhabit hillsides, fields, stone piles and grasslands with slightly wet soil. This insect usually begins to sing in August in summer, and it usually sings best in the wild at 20 degrees, and stops singing when the climate turns cold in the late period of 10. It occurs every year 1 generation, spawning in soil and overwintering with eggs. When a male meets a female, his chirping can be changed into "chirp, chirp", and when mating, he makes a trembling "chirp …" sound. Male insects are aggressive. When two male insects meet, they first sing with their vertical wings to gain prestige, and then head to head, like pliers, open their jaws and bite each other and kick them around with their feet. They can often roll back and forth for 3-5 rounds. Then, the losing side escaped silently, and the winning side held its wings high and rang proudly, looking very proud. Crickets have been raised by people since ancient times because they can sing and play well. According to records, family rearing of crickets in China began in the Tang Dynasty. At that time, people, whether North Korean officials or ordinary people, liked to bring their "treasures" in their spare time and get together to compete. According to research, cricket is an ancient insect with a history of at least 65.438+0.4 billion years. Every quiet summer night, there will be bursts of crisp and pleasant chirping in the grass. Listen, the cricket is going to have another concert! The cricket's beautiful song comes not from its good voice, but from its wings. If you look closely, you will find that crickets are constantly shaking their wings. Is it flapping its wings and flying Of course not. Wings are its vocal organs. The cricket has a short thorn like a file on its right wing and a hard thorn like a knife on its left wing. The left and right wings are folded and rubbed against each other. You can make a pleasant sound by flapping your wings. Every breeding season, male crickets will flap their wings harder and find a mate with beautiful songs. Among them, the king of songs is a long-jawed cricket. The body length can reach about 20 mm and the antenna length is about 35 mm. Because of the two big teeth protruding forward, it is named long jaw cricket, commonly known as Alex. Crickets are not only good at singing, but also aggressive.

Edit the section on growth and reproduction.

Common crickets (such as Beijing oil gourd) have one generation a year and overwinter in the soil with eggs. Egg production per unit area is produced in fields with many weeds and plenty of sunshine, graves and soil beside haystacks. The male built a cave and lived with the female. I like living in a cool, relaxed and humid environment. When insect populations are too dense, they tend to kill each other. In Guangxi, the generation of peanut cricket is 1. The nymph overwinters in the soil cave and is unearthed in March-April of the following year, which is harmful to peanut seedlings. At the beginning of June, it appeared as an adult and continued to do harm. 1 1 mid-to-late October, nymphs began to overwinter. The caves of adults and nymphs are as deep as 0.6 meters or even deeper. The newly built cave is very simple, with only one escape hole. Before laying eggs, add 3 ~ 5 branches for laying eggs, go out to look for tender stems, leaves and seeds of peanuts, and transport them back to caves for storage to feed newly hatched nymphs. The newly hatched nymphs live in groups, so they will go out for food and dig their own holes in a few days.

Crickets are important agricultural pests in Northeast China, North China, Lower Yangtze River and South China. They harm the roots, stems, leaves, fruits and seeds of various crops, especially seedlings. In the south, peanut mole cricket destroyed peanut seedlings 10% ~ 30%, and also harmed corn, jute, tobacco, cotton, soybean and cassava, which often caused seedling shortage and affected harvest.

Edit the common varieties in this paragraph.

China cricket. It is about 2 cm long and dark brown. One generation 1 occurs every year, and overwinters as eggs in the soil. The male vocalizer is close to the base of the front wing and produces sound through wing friction. The auditory organ is located in the tibial joint segment of the forefoot. Burrowing, which often moves underground, on the ground or in cracks in masonry, harms the roots, stems, leaves, seeds and fruits of plants, instead of feeding at night, biting the tender parts of plants on the ground, leading to seedling shortage, is an agricultural pest.

Loxoblemmus doenitzi has a flat head, a flat front end, leaning forward, and the male head obviously protrudes to both sides;

The oil gourd (Gryllus testaceus) is dark and shiny, with yellow stripes on the upper and inner parts of two compound eyes, extending to the back of the head. The front wings are light brown and shiny, and the rear wings are developed. The female ovipositor is 2 cm long. Feeding at night, adults and nymphs harm crops such as soybeans, sorghum, peanuts, melons and vegetables. China has many provinces.

Edit the medicinal value of this paragraph.

Also known as cricket, nightingale, general worm, autumn worm, cockfighting, weaving promotion and weaving tendency.

This paper briefly introduces crickets, an insect of Cricket Family, in order to dry all drugs. Catch in summer and autumn, blanch in boiling water and dry in the sun.

Sexual taste and channel tropism: pungent, salty and warm. Toxic.

Indications: diuresis, removing blood stasis and relieving sore throat. Used for edema, dysuria, urinary calculi, ascites due to liver cirrhosis, sore throat.

Usage and dosage: 2 ~ 6 pills, decocted in water or baked and ground.

Pay attention to physical weakness and taboos for pregnant women.

Remarks: (1) A species of cricket produced in Northeast China is Seapsipedu aspersus Walker, and another species of coffin-headed cricket, loxoblemus Doenitzistein, is also used as medicine in different areas.

Various exhibitions

1. Drug Property Test: Can get acne.

2. "Rencheng Diary": Water control.

3. "outline": sexual benefits, cure urination.

4. Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine: Treating impotence.

5. Zhao Jichang: If you can't be born, just look at one, and bring it in the soup.

Party selection

① Cure the small water, and the pain will not stop: one cricket. The brick of yin and yang is dried, which is the end. Boil the soup and the child will be halved. (Collection of Medical Prescriptions)

(2) Cure the abdomen from a fall, and the urine will not close: cricket. Decoct. ("Su Yangyuan Fang Chuanxin")

③ Treatment of senile urinary incontinence: four crickets, four crickets and one yuan of raw licorice. Boil the soup and take it three times. (Modern and Practical Chinese Medicine)

④ Treatment of infantile enuresis: a cricket. Baked, powdered and boiled water, taken according to age (number). If the child is eleven, take one pill at a time until he is eleven. ("Ci Hang Huo Shu")

⑤ Treatment of impotence due to kidney deficiency: crickets, dragonflies and dog kidneys. * * * for the end, wine service. (Sichuan Yearbook of Traditional Chinese Medicine)

Edit other relevant paragraphs.

Beijingers play cricket.

Zong Chunqi

White dew, autumnal equinox and cold dew are the climax of cricket fighting in Beijing. "Brave Sanqiu" refers to these three solar terms.

Cricket is the scientific name of cricket, which is called Mingmu in some articles. The more popular name is promotional knitting. Because it's autumn when you hear cricket, and it's getting colder and colder, reminding people that it's time to prepare winter clothes. Therefore, there is a saying that "the lazy woman is surprised when she screams."

I wonder who discovered it first. Male crickets are aggressive and fun to fight, so I'll take them back and let them fight and have fun. According to records, cricket fighting began in the Tianbao period of the Tang Dynasty. Jia Sidao, the prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty, "traveled extensively when he was young, but accomplished nothing". After he took office, he especially liked to promote the weaving department and wrote a monograph: Promoting the Weaving Department Sutra. Emperor Xuande of the Ming Dynasty also loved cricket fighting, which led to dozens of gold for a good cricket. If there are good things in the world, it will be worse. Beijing people probably started playing cricket in the Ming Dynasty.

Not all Beijingers play cricket. There are only "players" among Beijingers.

Players, laymen read "players". It sounds as if "play" is a verb and "home" is an object. Well, you play "home", that's the black sheep of your family! The correct pronunciation is "player". "Hit", without the sound of "er".

Players have a certain status. Catch a cricket or two and put them in a jar, not a player. The fighting frame is a contest between male crickets. When crickets meet, they use tentacles to distinguish each other. When two males meet, they will inevitably show two big teeth and compete with each other. The meeting between a man and a woman is another scene. Two crickets will be tender and affectionate, showing their admiration for each other. In ancient times, recreational cricket matches were usually played in clay or magnetic cricket pots. When two males meet, a fierce battle begins. First, flap your wings violently, one is to cheer yourself up, the other is to destroy your opponent's prestige, and then grin and start a duel. Overhead, kicking, rolling long tentacles, constantly rotating the body, looking for a favorable position, bravely culling. After several rounds, the weak became dejected and defeated, and the winner held his head high and asked his master for a reward. The most effective is the cricket's ink pipa, which is called the blackhead general by the people. A good cricket who can sing and fight will not only become the glory of cricket fighters, but also become the king of cricket kingdom.

Take a cricket for example.

Cricket is wild. If you want to play cricket, you must catch it first-don't say "catch", say "take".

Take cricket to the suburbs of Beijing. According to Mr. Jin Shoushen's life in old Beijing, bosses in Beijing used to catch crickets and sell them. Beginning of autumn left for ten days before taking dry food to Beijing Xishan and Beishan to get crickets. When he came back, he took them to the temple fair to sell. The cricket master can just go to the temple fair to get it. Of course it's not free. He has to pay. Famous and prestigious players will be sent to the government. Real players hold crickets in a basket. A basket contains ten, a handful of fourteen cans, one for each can. These 140 crickets are enough to play for an autumn. Of course, 140 is not all, but we have to choose. The selection criteria are: "round head, big teeth, long legs, thick neck and thick hair." Those who meet these standards are left behind and the rest are disposed of.

Players will also go to the suburbs to get crickets themselves. Cricket can be found in several places in the suburbs of Beijing. There are probably two reasons for crickets: first, there are many crickets in that place, which are easy to get; First, the crickets in that place are good at fighting. First I went to the Eighth National Congress of Xishan, and then I came to Yungang on the west side of Yongding River. When I was a child, I heard that crickets in the bottom pit of Yungang Basin are good at fighting, and they are called Kouga with iron mouth. The mountainous area around the Ming Tombs in Changping is also the origin of crickets. Later, there were no crickets to bring near Beijing, so we had to buy them in other places. Today, the origin of crickets is Yixian County, Hebei Province, which is called "Xiaoyizhou". Laoling in Shandong is also good, and the best is cricket in Ningyang, Yanzhou.

Raise crickets

The equipment for raising crickets is a cricket tank. There are two kinds of cricket pots: porcelain and pottery. The best one is mud-cleaning: about 15 cm in height, about 13 cm in diameter and nearly 2 cm in thickness. Need a big mouth, a deep hole, a thick wall and a cover. Nowadays, anyone who has a cricket jar that has been cleaned for more than 100 years is a priceless treasure. The advantage of this pot is not the appearance, but the good heat preservation and moisture retention, which is suitable for the survival of cricket in it. The new jar is not used as it is, but is primed first: loess, black soil and white ash are mixed in a certain proportion, and then padded in the cricket jar. Why add ash? Because without white ash, it won't stick. Isn't ash tree alkaline? After the concrete is dried, it should be soaked in water, and it can only be used after the alkalinity is completely saturated. The paved bottom can neither be dropped nor broken.

It is not enough to have a jar. There must be two things: a sink and a cage.

Let's talk about the sink first: porcelain, semicircular, about 3 cm in diameter, 0.7 cm in height and 0.3 cm in depth. This thing is exquisitely made, small and exquisite, glazed, painted with flowers, patterned with goldfish, aquatic plants and crickets, and written with the words: Brave Sanqiu. I don't know much about it. I think it should be the smallest and finest porcelain. Its purpose needs no elaboration: feeding crickets with water. I heard that a sink like this is worth hundreds of dollars now!

Let's talk about the cage first: it is made of clear mud, delicate in texture, light gray in color, less than 3 cm high, fan-shaped, with a cover and handle on it, which can be opened. There are holes at both ends of the cage, through which crickets can pass. The space inside can accommodate two crickets. What's the use of this cage? First, crickets like to stay in the dark, and cages are crickets' nests; Second, raising cricket can't just keep a male (two tails), but also have a female (three tails) as company. If the male cricket doesn't mate with the female cricket-the jargon is "ringing the bell", it won't fight with the same sex. Passing through the cage is cricket passing through the bridal chamber of the bell.

To raise crickets, we must provide them with living conditions similar to those in the wild. There is so much knowledge in it that it is difficult to describe it here. In the past, a rich player would hire a handle to raise crickets for him in autumn. Cricket tricks are experts in serving crickets.

Play cricket

Cricket is raised for fighting. Cricket fighting is also very particular. First, it's the season of cricket fighting, and it can't be early, because crickets are still immature. Wait until the autumnal equinox, when it gets cold.

Cricket is also about heavyweights. Before fighting cricket, put cricket into a special "spoon" and weigh cricket with a special "scale (read flat)". There may be a special electronic scale now. The "scale" I saw was smaller than that of the traditional Chinese medicine barn. The "ruler" is ivory, thinner than chopsticks, and is fixed on a mahogany shelf about one foot square. It can make the weight of crickets accurate to one ten thousandth (second, money, cents, cents, cents). Generally, crickets weigh about 6%, and 8% are big crickets. The purpose of weighing is fair competition, there is no difference in weight. Because the owner of the cricket son doesn't want the "love general" he carefully maintained to fail. If a good cricket is defeated once, it loses its fighting spirit and is of no value to its owner. So, if you let it compete with an opponent who is more important than yourself, you will win, but you will also suffer. If you lose, it will be more "unjust".

It is very formal for real players to play cricket. Prepare the "battlefield" in advance and send out invitations. Players bring their crickets to the appointment. Those who don't take one or two will usually take one or two people to look after crickets. In the official competition, there is a special "bucket basin" as the battlefield, a special person as the referee, and a special person responsible for checking the weight of the contestants. After the game started, the stadium was silent, and many eyes were fixed on the cricket in the basin. The owner of the cricket is so nervous that his palms are sweating! Because the struggle between crickets is also very intense and ornamental. Like people, crickets are brave and cunning. You come and I go, and there are advances and retreats. Sometimes, two bugs get entangled and bite together, just like two warriors in the wrestling field! The crickets who win the battle will inevitably bring joy to their masters; When the fight is lost, the master is naturally depressed. But the players are all people with status and are very polite to each other. Players play cricket for fun, not to make money. Sometimes it's just a box or two of cigarettes, although it's also "hanging some color". Of course, this way is not without gambling. But it should also be based on the premise of "playing with things tirelessly."

In ancient times, recreational cricket matches were usually played in clay or magnetic cricket pots. When two males meet, a fierce battle begins. First, flap your wings violently, one is to cheer yourself up, the other is to destroy your opponent's prestige, and then grin and start a duel. Overhead, kicking, rolling long tentacles, constantly rotating the body, looking for a favorable position, bravely culling. After several rounds, the weak became dejected and defeated, and the winner held his head high and asked his master for a reward. The most effective is the cricket's ink pipa, which is called the blackhead general by the people. A good cricket who can sing and fight will not only become the glory of cricket fighters, but also become the king of cricket kingdom.