Who are the celebrities in Nanjing?

Liu Xie wrote Wen Xin Diao Long at Nanjing Ding Lin Temple.

Liu Xie, whose name is Yanhe, was born in the first year of Taishi in Ming Dynasty (465) and experienced three generations: Song, Qi and Liang. He lost his father at an early age and his mother at the age of 20, and his family was poor. I'm determined to study all my life and never get married. After three years of mourning, at the age of 24, he took refuge in a monk and lived in Ding Lin Temple. Liu Xie's main job in Ding Lin Temple is to study classics and write Wen Xin Diao Long besides reading. When I was about 33 years old, I began to write a thesis. After several years of hard work, I wrote the first complete literary theory work in ancient China, Wen Xin Diao Long, but it was not called by the times. However, Liu Xie was full of confidence in the achievements of his works, and was determined to set his sights on Shen Yue, the literary leader at that time. However, due to Shen Yue's high status and heavy concept of gate valve, Liu Xie was not qualified to visit directly, so he had to pretend to be a vendor and wait for Shen Yue to drive out before coming forward to see him. After reading it, Shen Yue praised it as "profound in arts and sciences" and put it on the desk for reading at any time. Because of Shen Yue's reputation, Liu Xie and his Wen Xin Diao Long are gradually known to the world. Shen Yue may also suggest this. Starting from Tian Jian Prison, Liu Xie began to serve the imperial court. At the age of 39, he left Ding Lin Temple and embarked on his official career. He has successively served as China Army Linchuan Wang Xiaohong and Nankang Xiaoji as archives (management documents), Che Qicang Cao (management granary), Taimu (now Quxian County, Zhejiang Province) county magistrate, infantry captain (responsible for East Palace guards) and East Palace steward (management chapter). When Mrs. Ren gave the last order, "the government has a clear record." When he was appointed as the steward of the East Palace, he was "loved" by another writer at that time, Prince Zhaoming Xiaotong. They discuss articles, ancient and modern. In his later years, Liang Wudi ordered Liu Xie to enter Ding Lin Temple and write scriptures with monks. So he left Guanhai and returned to Ding Lin Temple. Finally, Liu Xie chose the path of becoming a monk. He died less than a year after becoming a monk, about four years after the reunification of China (532). According to historical legend, Liu Xie's "good Buddhism, the inscriptions on Shi Jing pagodas and famous monks must be written by Liu Xie". It can be seen that he was a famous writer at that time, but unfortunately his collected works have long been lost. At present, apart from Wen Xin Diao Long, only two books, Eliminating Confusion and Stone Buddha Monument of Shicheng Temple in Jianshan, Liang Jian 'an, have been preserved.

Liu Xie had a close relationship with Ding Lin Temple in Zhongshan Temple all his life, and he entered the temple three times. The first time was from the sixth year of Qi Yongming (488) to the second year of Tian Liang (503), which lasted 16 years. Monk Liu Tou helped him collect Buddhist scriptures and arrange them. "Biography of Liang Shu" said, "Ding Lin Temple was collected by the scriptures, but it was also decided." At the same time, he also wrote a lot of inscriptions, such as Yongming nine years (49 1 year), Liu Xie, 27 years old, entered Ding Lin Temple in the fourth year, and wrote Inscription on the Temple in Ding Lin, Zhongshan and Inscription on the Temple at the Beginning of Construction (Volume 12 of Sanzang Collection). In the 10th year of Yongming (492), Shi Chaobian died in Ding Lin Shangsi and was buried in Sinan. Inscription by Liu Xie (a biography of a monk). In the first year of Yanxing (494), Liu Xie was thirty years old and entered Ding Lin Temple for seven years. Shi Sanrou died and was buried in the south of Zhongshan. Liu Xie wrote "Inscription of Master Sanrou". More importantly, Liu Xie also wrote Wen Xin Diao Long. The second time I spent seven years (508 years) in Tian Jian prison. With the feeling of "vastness, shallow knowledge is hard to find", the shaman monk in the temple was ordered to "select talented people to learn Taoism and customs, release monk wisdom, and 30 monks, including Huang, Linchuan and Dongguan Liu Xie, gathered in the temple" and compiled a volume of * * * 88, which was completed in the summer and April of the following year. Liu Xie has been in the temple for less than half a year. The third time was in the third year of Datong in Zhongtong (53 1). Prince Zhaoming died and went to the temple to write scriptures with Emperor Wu and Shaman. According to the Biography of Liang Shu: "After the certificate was completed, I began to look for a home, burning the temple first and killing myself. I made a promise but changed my clothes in the temple and changed my name to Hui Di. Died before the deadline. " In less than a year, a generation of satellites died. At the age of 68.

Among the "480 temples in Southern Dynasties", Shangdinglin Temple in Zhongshan ranks among the best. Since the temple was built, there have been many eminent monks here, such as Tan Wu Mi Duo, Yuan Monk, Fa Xian Monk, Ruan Shang, Zhi Wei, Transcendental Debate and Hu Monk. Take monk Hu as an example. At that time, he was an exorcist, "famous for explaining the door" and had more than 11 thousand black and white disciples. The temples here have developed economy, rich books and beautiful environment. "Beautiful scenery" of Zhongshan is "the mountain house is far away, the spring water is clear and dense", and it is a reading resort. Liu Xie came to vote for him, and the monk certainly welcomed him. This is a rare assistant who was delivered to the door. During the ten years that Liu Xie lived with monks, he "read widely and read for a career". In addition to reading exegesis, he actively studied hundreds of classics and literary works of past dynasties, often "staying for dinner on holidays or staying up all night". So he "learned the classics" and "got the arts and sciences", not only in the temple canon, but also

Wang Anshi and Nanjing

Wang Anshi (1021-1086) was born in Linchuan, Jiangxi Province on February 2, 2005. His nickname is, after his death, he was named Jing Gong and Wen Gong, so he was also called Wang He and Wang Wen Gong. Although he was born in Jiangxi, this "China 1 1 century reformer" (in Leninist) has an indissoluble bond with Nanjing. He spent his youth in Nanjing, serving as magistrate three times, observing filial piety twice and resigning twice. He lived in Nanjing for nearly 20 years and was buried at the foot of Zhongshan in Nanjing after his death. His parents and brothers were also buried in Nanjing after his death. He left many touching stories and magnificent poems in Nanjing.

When Wang Anshi was seventeen, he was sentenced to Jiangning because of his father Wang Yi and moved to Nanjing. Two years later, on February 23rd of Baoyuan's second year, his father died of illness and was buried in Niushou Mountain outside Zhonghua Gate. As a result, Wang Anshi was in mourning in Zhongshan, Nanjing, and he was determined to study. "Although he sleeps and eats, he can't put it down." When he was studying, he understood it through his own thinking, regardless of the original annotations, and paid attention to applying what he had learned. As Su Shi said, he is "the legacy of six arts, breaking his own will;" The trace of a hundred schools of thought contending in chaff is a newcomer. He also often conducts surveys and visits, and often asks all the questions of peasant women workers who have practical experience. Therefore, his understanding of the real society is more profound and accurate.

In the second year of Li Qing (1042), 22-year-old Wang Anshi was among the best in the Jinshi examination. Since then, he has embarked on his official career and devoted himself to reform in the spirit of "going forward bravely and being the first in the world". In the fourth year of Jiaqing (1059), when he was appointed as the third judicial officer, he wrote a cross "copybook" to Zhao Zhen of Song Renzong, suggesting that the court should carry out a comprehensive reform of the statute law at that time, and advocated that good financial management should be the center of the whole reform. However, it didn't get the attention of Song Renzong and the ministers in power. In August of the eighth year of Jiaqing (1063), Wang Anshi's mother Wu died. He took the opportunity to quit his official position of drafting orders and proclamations for the emperor and returned to Jiangning for mourning. After the period of mourning, Wang Anshi still stayed in Jiangning's home to give lectures, and wrote works such as Biography of Hong Fan, which refuted the fallacy of the connection between heaven and man and embodied the idea of being fearless.

In Zhao Wenzhai of the temple, he met Li. It is said that when Wang Anshi was seriously ill, he asked Li to draw a big picture of riding a donkey for him. Li stayed up for more than ten days and nights and finally drew it. When he sent this letter, Wang had already passed away. Li slapped the coffin with his thin hands and burst into tears. He hung a huge picture of riding a donkey in front of the coffin, and everyone was moved to hide their faces and cry.

During his stay in Nanjing, Wang Anshi wrote many beautiful and profound poems, expressing his concern for the country and his love for his hometown. There are many poems about Zhongshan, and nearly 100 poems have been found. Described the scenery of Zhongshan in detail. For example, the poem "Meeting" said: "The stream flows around the bamboo silently, and the grass and trees in the west of the bamboo are soft in spring. Mao Yan sits opposite each other all day, and it is more secluded if a bird doesn't sing the mountain. " The poem "Remembering Shan Jiang" is better written: "Cangteng Cuimujiang South Mountain, two mountains flowing water. The mountains are high and the water is deep, and the fish and birds are happy. Clouds bury firewood like onion buds, and the moon catches fish shadows. Huang Chen is full of clothes, when will he come back? " He observed, described and eulogized this way because he deeply loved Zhongshan.

Wang Anshi loved Nanjing before his death, and all the scholars and people in Nanjing also loved Nanjing. No matter how much Zhan's conservatives belittle and insult him, people still go to the cemetery to pay homage every year. "Tao Hua" said: "Wang Anshi deserves to enjoy the Confucius Temple, sitting under Yan Meng and above the ten sons." "Qingbo Magazine" also said: "At that time, all the scholars in Jinling did not go to Gong Jing's grave. Fifty years ago, some people went to drink. "

Wang Anshi's former residence, Banshanyuan, is now in the Naval Academy. 1982 Nanjing municipal people's government designated the park as a municipal cultural relics protection unit. If people can visit it, it will be of great help to the construction of spiritual civilization

Xie An and Jiangning Dongshan

Jiangning Dongshan, also known as Dongtushan and Tushan, is famous for the villas built here by Xie An (320-385) and Xie Xuan (343-388), who were in charge of the Feishui War. As the saying goes, "the mountain is not high, the fairy is not famous." As a scenic spot, it was also listed as one of the 48 scenic spots in Jinling in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties, and was called "Autumn Moon in Dongshan". The Dongtu Mountain, which I saw today, is kilometers on Tuesday and 60 meters high. Its top is flat and covers several acres. The center can be used to build pavilions, halls and buildings, and pavilions can also be built around it. There are many loess layers in the west and north of the mountain; The northeast is covered with loess and red-ribbed stone; On the south slope, however, there are loose sand and pebbles, which are now in the form of five terraces, with an average height of 10 m, which is obviously artificially built. Today, there are buildings at the first, second and fourth levels, which shows that its foundation is very good. On the hillside in the southeast corner, there is also a terrace. Today, there is a "Dongshan Qiuyue" pavilion. There is even a ping below, and a high wall is built from the ground. Today, the six floors are relatively complete, with a width of 2 1 m from east to west. Long Yun's head and stone railing are carved on the upper layer of the stone wall, indicating that it was rebuilt in Ming or Song Dynasty. This terrace is a relic of balcony architecture. To the south of the stone wall, there is a pool called Daijiatang today. There is a well at the foot of this mountain, which people call Xie Gongjing. The mountain is due south, and there used to be a deep pool. Looking at the overall situation, we can really see the big outline of Xie Gongzhuang.

Xie An built a villa in Dongshan, Jiangning, and directed the battle of Feishui. There are detailed records in The Book of Jin Xie An Biography and Wang Xizhi Biography. When Jian Wendi was in Sima Yu, Xie An was in his fifties, and Xie Xuan was in his thirties. They were already "living in Dongshan" here. When filial piety emperor Sima Yao was in Taiyuan (after 376 AD), Qin Fu Jian invaded, and Amber became a general and a government official, namely his younger brother Xie Shi and his nephew Xie Xuan. Eight years in Taiyuan, the war was urgent. "Xuan came in (referring to Nanjing House) and asked ... An Sui ordered to drive out of the villa (referring to Jiangning Dongshan), and relatives and friends gathered. Fang and Xuan Weiqi bet on the villa. It is also night, that is, the generals are given duties. Xuan and others have broken the foundation and posted books. An Fang plays chess with guests, puts it on the bed when reading, and doesn't laugh, so does chess. The guest asked, Xu answered: The younger generation broke the thief. I am satisfied with the transfer limit, but I am not embarrassed. Too melodramatic. As president, join the Pacific Insurance Company. "This is the historical face of Xie An's command of the battle of Surabaya here, and it is a lofty image of resourcefulness, decisiveness and calm command. About his pavilion in Dongshan, it is also clearly recorded in Biography of the Book of Jin that he is "a good book ... good at music, ... a villa in Tushan, full of forests and bamboos." Every time I bring Chinese and foreign sons and nephews to and from the collection, it is often a dish of several hundred dollars ... "He added," Although Ann is sent by the DPRK, the ambition of Dongshan remains the same from beginning to end, and everything is said. There is also a new town, making rooms ... "

It is true that both Huiji Dongshan and Jiangning Dongshan are beautiful. But the former is the place of understanding of "making a comeback", and the latter is the place of "coming back to life" and "the ambition of the senior generation". Xie Jin 'an also mentioned that Xie An is "cultured" and "good in music", but every time he visits, he "follows the prostitute (geisha) wife". Li Bai, a native of the Tang Dynasty, came to the south of the Yangtze River and praised "Xinfeng Liquor in the South, Little Prostitute Song in Dongshan". He even said such a sentence in Ode to Dongshan: "It is sad to bring prostitutes to Dongtu Mountain. I am a prostitute now, and he is a prostitute in the grave. The white chicken is 300 years old after dreaming, sprinkling wine to pour the joy of a gentleman. .................................................................................................................................................................................. Here, Li Bai is right to call Dongshan "Dongtu Mountain". The "white phoenix dream" mentioned in the poem is the dream before Ann died. See Xie Anchuan. "Three hundred years after dreams" refers to the era of Li Bai in Tang Dynasty. "Spilling wine to drown my sorrows" means that Li Bai and Xie An are happily together after 300 years. Li Bai really knows Xie An. He also said in the poem "Climbing to Xie 'an Dun in the Northwest of Jinling Metallurgical City": "There are Xie 'an Dun in Yecheng to visit historical sites. By looking at the surrounding land, high standards are absolutely noisy. Imagine Dongshan posture and cherish the memory of the right army (Wang Xizhi). ..... "Li Bai also has two poems" Recalling Dongshan Mountain ",in which Xie An is mentioned, saying that" the crowd will be lost in the long whistling "and" I want to report to Dongshan Guest ". For the above-mentioned new pavilion, Li Bai also wrote a poem specifically for this purpose, saying, "Jinling has good scenery, and Shi Hao gathers in the new pavilion." Li Bai is really following Xie An's footsteps! At the end of the Tang Dynasty, Wen also wrote "Song of Xie Gong Shu", which said: "Suzaku goes south around Xiangmo, and Xie Langdong Villa meets Chunbi", indicating that although the road "detours" a little, it gives people the feeling that spring grass is green after all. The poem also says: "Watching the race a thousand miles away, the capital has been exhausted ... no Fu Jian has crossed the Huaihe River." This "game" of Yunyun is that Xie An is playing chess with his nephew here.

Xie An's ancestral home is Yang Xia. Today, you can still see several kinds of bricks with the word "Yang Xia" on the outskirts of Nanjing, which is of course very interesting. "Lao Wang Xie Tang died in front of Yan" is at least 1600 years ago, but Xie's brick is still the original thing and should be a true witness of history.

Wang Xizhi (32 1-379, 303-36 1) has few words. Famous calligrapher in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Langya Linyi (now Linyi, Shandong) people. First, it was a doctor, then it was General Ningyuan, Jiangzhou Secretariat, General Right Army, and Hui Jimin History. , known as Wang Youjun. Later, due to disagreement with Wang Shu, the secretariat of Yangzhou, he resigned and settled in Huiji Yinshan (now Shaoxing). Wang Xizhi was born in the famous Wang family in Wuyi Lane, Jiankang, and is the nephew of Wang Dao. Once with Xie An * * * Deng Yecheng, "carefree daydream, thank you sir." In his early years, he studied calligraphy from Mrs. Wei (Master), and later he changed to beginner, cursive to Zhang Zhi, and orthography to bell spoon system. Learn from others' strengths, prepare a variety of styles, change the simple style of calligraphy since the Han and Wei Dynasties, and create a new beautiful and smooth style. His official books and running scripts are the best in ancient and modern times, and people praise his brushwork as "floating like a cloud and agile as a dragon." It is highly respected by calligraphers of all ages and is regarded as a "book saint". There is no original work, and all the copies passed down from generation to generation are descendants. Preface to Lanting is a masterpiece of running script, Chu Mu Tie and Seventeen Ties are cursive scripts, and Huang Ting Jing and Le Yi Lun are the most famous official books.

Ge Hong (284-364), formerly known as Ikekawa, was named Bao Puzi. Taoist theorist, alchemist and physician in the Eastern Jin Dynasty. Jurong in Danyang County (now Jurong in Jiangsu Province). Teenagers are eager to learn and come from poor families. They sell firewood for paper and pens. Always look for books to ask for righteousness, a thousand miles away, and you will win. He dabbled in Confucian classics and history and wrote hundreds of books, so he was famous for Confucianism. If you are not good at making friends, you must be good at guiding and cultivating immortals. At first, he studied Taoism and alchemy from Andrew. Later, he entered the Nanhai magistrate Bao Xuan to study and learn medical skills, and lived in Jiankang for a long time. He Chengchu, Situ Wang was called as the state principal, transferred to Situ Yu, and promoted to the rank of consultant to join the army. In his later years, he heard that cinnabar was produced on tiptoe, so he asked to be a county magistrate in the sentence. When he arrived in Guangzhou, he took his sons and nephews to Luofu Mountain to practice alchemy and write a book. He has written a lot in his life, including 65,438+000 volumes of poems, 30 volumes of chapters and tables, 65,438+00 volumes of biographies of immortals, good officials and recluses, 3 10 volumes of differences, copying five classics, historical stories, Korean, hundred schools, folk acrobatics and gold. The most famous one is Bao Puzi, with 50 chapters, which insists on Confucianism and opposes metaphysics since Wei and Jin Dynasties. There are 20 internal chapters, which is a complete alchemy work, running through Taoist thought. Among them, the chapter "Then" and the chapter "Yellow White" record the situation of smelting gold and silver with minerals, and the chapter "Fairy Medicine" mainly records the situation of treating all diseases with plants, which is relatively primitive pharmacology. The synopsis of the golden chamber is voluminous. In order to be easy to carry and use, the main practical parts of the book are compiled into three volumes, and then supplemented and expanded into eight volumes, which is called elbow backup emergency prescription. Most of the prescriptions collected in the book are easy to obtain, effective and cheap, and the treatment method is simple and easy to use.

Sun Quan (182-252) is Zhong. The founder of Wu in the Three Kingdoms. Wu Jun Fuchun (now Fuyang, Zhejiang) was born.

At the end of the Eastern Han Dynasty, Sun Quan inherited his father and brother's career, namely, six counties in Jiangdong. In the 13th year of Jian 'an in the Eastern Han Dynasty (208), he joined Liu Bei.

With fire attack, Cao Cao's army was defeated in the world-famous Battle of Red Cliffs, which laid the foundation for the establishment of Dongwu. Eastern Han Dynasty

In the 16th year of Jian 'an (2 1 1), Sun Quan moved the political center from Jingkou to Moling, and the next year Moling was changed to Jianye, located in Chu.

Stone Mountain is the former site of Jinling City, and a stone city is built. Stone warehouses and warehouses are set up in the city to store ordnance, food and other things.

Capital. Set up a beacon tower in the south of Shicheng, a military town. In April of the first year of Huanglong (229), Sun Quan proclaimed himself emperor in Wuchang.

Country name Wu. In September of the same year, the capital was moved to Jianye, which was the beginning of Nanjing's capital. Sun Quan rebuilt "Taichu Palace" in Jianye

The circumference of this official is 500 feet. And build Jianye City into a real ancient city with 20 miles 19 steps around the city. Sun Quan rode a horse in the river.

Lishui, Hushu and other counties set up captains to manage agriculture. Send 30,000 troops to Yunyang (now Danyang County) in Jurong.

A canal named "pogangdu" was dug to connect Qinhuai River and Taihu Lake Basin. Set sail in the southwest of Jianye City.

Blasphemy, but also dug the East Canal (Qingxi) and opened tidal channels, making the banks of Qinhuai River a commercial prosperity area. There is one in Sunwu Palace.

Thousands of ladies-in-waiting are engaged in silk weaving, which is the beginning of silk weaving in Nanjing. Southwest smelting city, with smelting and casting in the middle.

Heart. Sun Quan attached great importance to the development of navigation, and sent ten thousand ships to Yizhou (Taiwan Province Province), Liaodong Peninsula and Hainan successively.

Island; He also sent envoys to Korea, Fujian, Lin Yi and Nanyang Group.

Island country. It also built Jianchu Temple, the first Buddhist temple in the south of the Yangtze River. In 252 AD, Sun Quan died of illness and was buried in the south of Zhongshan.

The foothills were later called the Mausoleum of Emperor Wu, the Tomb of Sun and the Tomb (now called Meihua Mountain).