Write a scientific research paper about common natural disasters in my hometown (Hebei).

What should we do in the face of the current rare drought?

The reporter interviewed Guo Jin Gao, a wheat expert and president of Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, on related issues. They reminded that at present, wheat in our province is still in the wintering period, and it is necessary to scientifically and effectively fight drought according to seedling conditions and climate characteristics.

It is advisable to water in sunny afternoon to avoid flooding.

"Facing the urgent need of drought and irrigation, we must pay attention to scientific watering." Guo Jinkao reminded

He suggested that for wheat areas where the soil is not frozen tight at present, we should pay attention to cold and antifreeze while fighting drought, irrigate scientifically according to the weather conditions, and irrigate carefully with small water in sunny and warm afternoons. Sprinkler irrigation should be carried out in areas where conditions permit to avoid flooding.

According to reports, the growth of winter wheat in our province is still in the wintering period, the root system is fragile, and floods are easy to cause freezing damage. He explained that in the wheat fields where the soil layer is particularly dry above 10 cm, it is appropriate to water them in sunny afternoons, and at the same time, timely water them with life-saving water. "This can ensure that as much water as possible penetrates into the day to prevent freezing damage."

It is particularly important to note that although the temperature in our province has risen recently, irrigation should be stopped in time before the arrival of cold air, especially when the temperature is below zero degrees Celsius, to prevent water from freezing on the surface without infiltrating into the soil, causing wheat seedlings to suffocate or suffer from freezing injury.

Cut the grass in time in sunny afternoon to increase the temperature and keep moisture.

Do you mean to sit back and relax in a watered wheat field? Guo Jinkao reminded that these wheat fields should be mowed in time to prevent soil hardening and cracking and avoid air leakage and water loss. "In the process of hoeing, we must choose the right time, preferably in a sunny afternoon, which can not only make up for the cracks in the soil, but also increase the temperature and preserve moisture." Guo Jin said.

The reporter interviewed Li, a villager in Yang Li Village, Pingxiang County. He introduced that the wheat he planted was frozen water poured last year1late October 165438+. "Now there have been many cracks on the ground, and the wheat seedlings have obviously begun to dry up. Wheat seedlings are young, and the ridges planted by machines are narrow, so it is difficult to hoe. What can we do? " In this regard, experts suggest that other suitable agricultural tools, such as small nails and iron harrows, can be used to hoe the ground. For plots that are really difficult to hoe, wheat can be humidified with sprayers and other equipment in the afternoon. "According to the agricultural time arrangement in the south-central part of our province, it is not yet time to hoe the fields in the wheat fields, but this year's drought is serious, so we should act in advance." Expert advice.

In severely frozen wheat fields, straw mulch can be used to protect soil moisture and prevent freezing.

"My family has two wheat fields that are dry land. What if there is no water to water them? "

In response to this question raised by farmers, Guo Jin Kao suggested: "Wheat fields with no frozen water, poor soil preparation quality, serious water shortage and serious freezing injury can be covered with straw or straw manure. This can keep heat and moisture, so as to prevent the deterioration of drought and freezing damage. These are expedient measures, and the final lifting of the drought depends on watering the wheat as soon as it turns green. "

For wheat fields that are not irrigated by rotary tillage, have no irrigation conditions or are not suitable for irrigation in cold weather, Guo Jin suggested that measures such as suppression, spreading farmyard manure and covering straws can be taken to preserve moisture, resist drought and prevent freezing.

According to the survey, the most serious drought at present is the poor quality of soil preparation and sowing, thin sand and no frozen water in wheat fields. The soil water loss is serious, and the dry soil layer 10 cm is a serious drought. The green leaf area of the plant is about 50%, and the individual plots are only 20%.

"From what we know, at present, the wheat fields generally grow normally, and there is no serious freezing injury and drought, but we should continue to pay attention." Guo Jin said;

There is no landslide, no stormy waves, no raging fire, but this silent natural disaster has been raging for more than 4 months! Wherever the drought devil went, the seedlings died, the land cracked and people and animals were thirsty. The disaster caused drought in nearly 43% of the country's wheat producing areas, and it was difficult for 3.7 million people and 6.5438+0.85 million large livestock to drink water.

Doing a good job in drought resistance in winter wheat areas is of great significance for ensuring summer grain production, promoting the stable development of agriculture and increasing farmers' income, actively coping with the international financial crisis and maintaining the steady and rapid development of China's economy.

Since June 23, 2008, there has been little rain and snow in central and southern North China and northern Huanghuai. The accumulated precipitation in Taiyuan, Beijing and Shijiazhuang, where the rain and snow are the most prominent, is insufficient 1 mm, setting a historical record of the least precipitation in the same period of the three cities.

Since June 2008 165438+ 10, the precipitation in Beijing has only been 0. 1mm (appearing on February 2 1 day), which is the second smallest value in the same period in history since 195 1. There was a little precipitation in Taiyuan on June 24th, 2008+last year1October 65438+ and this year's 65438+1October 3rd, and in Shijiazhuang on June 24th+1October 24th, 2008 and June 65438+February 10.

Handan launched Class III emergency response to drought.

"Strengthen the maintenance of drought-resistant facilities and grab groundwater."

Before the Spring Festival, the villagers were relieved by the "Emergency Notice on Doing a Good Job in Drought Relief" issued by the Handan Municipal Government and the national and provincial notices on doing a good job in drought relief forwarded by the Municipal Defense Index.

Because of these two notices, the drought relief working group composed of many departments went deep into these two villages with drinking water difficulties to investigate and guide the drought relief work, and launched the third-level emergency response to drought relief. On February 2nd, Handan Flood Control and Drought Relief Office organized Municipal Agriculture Bureau, Meteorological Bureau and Hydrological Bureau to discuss the current drought situation and drought relief measures.

According to the statistics of meteorological department, the precipitation in Handan city has been obviously less since last year 10, and the average monthly precipitation is only10.9mm, accounting for 19.3% of the whole year, which is the least in the same period in recent 50 years. At the same time, the water storage of various water conservancy projects in the city is 65.438+0.26 billion cubic meters (excluding Yuecheng Reservoir), which is 42.5% less than the average in the same period of last year. Up to now, the drought-affected area of crops in this city has reached more than 400,000 mu, including 350,000 mu of severe drought. Due to the drought, 32,835 people and 1.076 large livestock in some villages in Shexian and western mountainous areas have difficulty drinking water.

In view of the current severe drought, Handan city has carried out all-round drought relief services.

Pumped wells are the main facilities for drought resistance and high yield. At present, there are 92,700 motor wells in Handan City, covering an area of 6.77 million mu. In order to give full play to the maximum benefit of well irrigation, the water conservancy departments of counties (cities, districts) are helping the people to repair well pumps and strengthen the maintenance of drought-resistant facilities.

In order to grab and store the above-ground water, counties along Weihe River and Wei Yun in Handan City use the existing pumping stations to pump more water, and do not rest during the Spring Festival to reserve drought-resistant water. Up to now, the Weihe pumping station has pumped190,000 cubic meters and irrigated land120,000 mu.

Handan also adopted the methods of quantitative water supply, emergency pipeline water supply and financial subsidies, focusing on the transformation of rural centralized water supply sources and water diversion and other drought-resistant water storage projects, which solved the temporary drinking water difficulties of nearly 20,000 people in 5 1 village and 1 large livestock.

Baoding Drought Relief Team went to the countryside to help farmers.

"I watch the wheat in the field during the day and watch the weather forecast on TV at night. When will it snow and rain? " Yin, a 45-year-old villager from Nanhan Village, Mancheng County, looks sad.

On February 4th, the land presented to Lao Yin dried up. If you touch it with one hand, you can grab a handful of dry soil. The wheat seedlings in the field are yellow, and some of them have begun to die-in normal years, the field should be green and full of vitality. "There was a lot of rain here last year, and I also have something to do in winter. I don't care about watering. I thought it would snow in winter, so I'll be fine. But surprisingly ... "Old Yin squatted on the ground, patting his thigh.

What Lao Yin didn't expect was that it didn't snow one winter.

The reporter learned from the meteorological department of Baoding that since the end of June 2008, there has been no effective precipitation in all parts of the city, including Mancheng. Compared with the same period in history, the precipitation in 95% areas of Baoding has been less than 90% since winter, and about 80% areas have the lowest precipitation in the past 50 years.

Now, in addition to watching the weather forecast, Lao Yin still has a hope-the county organizes drought teams to provide technical guidance to villages to help farmers fight drought.

The reporter learned from the water conservancy department of Baoding City that in recent years, Baoding has been adhering to the "four waters" projects such as "retaining the water in the sky", "using surface water", "intercepting mountain streams" and "slowly lifting groundwater" and actively fighting drought. Last year, Mancheng County alone invested more than 4 million yuan, built 982 pools in 18 villages in 4 mountainous towns and villages, maintained 4 ponds and dams, and continued some water sources. Now it is irrigating farmers in mountainous areas. In the plain area, water storage dams and existing pits, ponds and ditches also store water one after another, which improves the water source conditions.

"The key to drought resistance lies in new agricultural technology." A rural cadre of Mancheng County Agriculture Bureau said that in recent years, Mancheng County has vigorously promoted high-efficiency water-saving comprehensive supporting technologies, accelerated the construction of water-saving irrigation projects, and built drip irrigation projects/kloc-0.5 million mu to improve the utilization rate of agricultural water. "I hope these technologies will be fully promoted in the county as soon as possible." The cadre said.

In addition, the reporter learned from the agricultural department of Baoding that all counties (cities, districts) are also organizing technicians to carry out the "three investigations" on wheat seedling situation, soil moisture and pests and diseases, formulate technical opinions on field management in spring, and put forward different types of wheat field management measures in a targeted manner, focusing on drought resistance, scientific operation of fertilizer and water, and prevention and control of diseases, pests and weeds, and strengthening technical guidance to ensure that all field management measures are put in place.

Cangzhou launched an emergency plan for long-distance water transfer.

The dead leaves of wheat seedlings are brown. Pull the surface by hand. Dry soil without water is one inch thick. "There has been a light snow since the winter this year, and the land is very dry. This is the case with wheat fields that have not been watered with frozen water. " On the afternoon of February 4, Wang Linqing, a villager from Dazidian Village, Fenghuadian Township, Cang County, told the reporter.

At the beginning of last winter, Dazidian Village Committee coordinated in many ways to buy water from Yundong Sewage Treatment Plant and Canglang Canal. Cangxian Fumin Agricultural Technology Cooperative urged villagers to grab water and fight drought. Fortunately, most of the wheat fields in this village are watered with ice water. "Even if the wheat has been watered with frozen water, the seedling situation is worse than in previous years. If it doesn't rain and snow again, the green tillers of wheat will be affected and the yield will drop. " Wang Linqing said, "The deep wells in the village can ensure drinking water for people and animals, but they cannot meet the needs of irrigation. The green water in spring depends on the river near the village.

According to the data provided by Cangzhou Meteorological Bureau, since June 2008 165438+ 10, the average precipitation in Cangzhou is only 1.7mm, while the average precipitation in the same period in history is 19.2mm, which is 9 1% less. Especially since June 65438+ 10 this year, the average precipitation in the whole city is only 0. 1 mm, and the precipitation in most counties and cities is the lowest in the same period in more than 50 years.

Less rain and snow and more windy weather have caused severe winter drought in Cangzhou, with 4.5 million mu of spring white land and 5.49 million mu of winter wheat all suffering from drought, of which 6.5438+0.385 million mu of winter wheat reached severe drought.

The meteorological department predicts that there will be no obvious precipitation process in Cangzhou in the near future, the temperature will obviously rise, and the drought will further develop. Accordingly, governments at all levels and relevant departments in Cangzhou launched emergency water supply schemes such as remote water transfer, and adopted various means such as lifting external water, drilling deep wells and delivering water by car to ensure the life of urban and rural residents and drinking water for livestock; Limited or limited supply of domestic water for urban residents, reducing or gradually canceling the supply of agricultural irrigation water; Non-productive high water consumption and service industry water consumption are strictly prohibited; The meteorological department seized every favorable opportunity to carry out artificial precipitation (snow) enhancement.

The new water conservancy facilities in Xingtai are of great use.

In villages along the Laozhang River in Julu County, Xingtai City, villagers used newly-built pumping projects and water pipelines to irrigate the land.

Since last June 165438+ 10, the average precipitation in our province is only 1.7mm, which is 90% less than normal, and the precipitation in most areas is the lowest in the same period in history for half a century. In June this year, there was no effective precipitation in most parts of the province. 400,000 people in the province have difficulty drinking water in season, and 6.5438+0.5 million mu of winter wheat suffered from drought, and some areas died.

Li Qinglin, director of the Provincial Water Resources Department, said that since the winter of last year, our province has built a total of small-scale drought-resistant projects 1 10000, with an additional irrigation area of 460,000 mu and a water-saving irrigation area of1200,000 mu. In addition, in order to make full use of brackish water resources, more than 2,000 salt and fresh water mixing units have been built in our province. At present, through the use of river basic flow, the counties and cities along the river in the province have diverted 360 million cubic meters of water and irrigated 265.438+10,000 mu of land.

The drought in Langfang is reported and summarized every day.

Since 2009, the agricultural department of Langfang City has closely monitored the winter wheat drought in the city. In order to ensure the normal growth of wheat, the city's agricultural department took urgent action to organize technicians to go deep into the fields to conduct three inspections (checking seedlings, checking moisture, and checking pests and diseases).

After the Spring Festival, the staff of the relevant departments of the Municipal Agriculture Bureau all went deep into the front line of agricultural production and carried out a detailed drought investigation. According to preliminary statistics, there are 1023 10000 mu of wheat in the city, and some of them are seriously affected by drought. In view of the increasingly serious drought, the municipal agricultural department invited some agricultural experts to hold consultations, and on this basis, formulated the corresponding drought relief plan.

According to the responsible comrades of Langfang Agriculture Bureau, they are now paying close attention to the development of drought, and they report and summarize it every day. At the same time, send agricultural technicians to the front line to strengthen guidance, implement drought-resistant technical measures according to time, place and seedling, fully mobilize the masses to dig up all water sources, and do everything possible to alleviate the drought.

Zhangjiakou is actively preparing for artificial precipitation enhancement.

On February 4th, although it was a sunny day, Xu Shihe, a villager in Wangjiazhai Village, Zhangjiakou High-tech Zone, couldn't see a trace of clarity on his face. Since June 2008 165438+ 10, there have only been two snows here, one of which was in Mao Mao, and the land was not covered tightly, which made Lao Xu worry about this year's harvest. "The weather is dry." Miao Zhicheng, director of the Zhangjiakou Meteorological Observatory, who is a kilometer away from Wangjiazhai/kloc-0, told reporters that since June 2008 11,the precipitation in the whole city has been extremely low, with only two precipitation and partial precipitation in the whole city. As of February 4th, the city's average precipitation was only 4 mm, 6 1% less than normal. "If the water vapor doesn't come up, it will be difficult to blossom and bear fruit!" Xu Shihe looked at a large area of Taoyuan near the village, and said that the land in this suburban mountain village was barren, and it was only by introducing these "Okubo" peach trees that he embarked on the road of getting rid of poverty and becoming rich. Now the Taoyuan in the village has grown to more than 3,000 mu. "I just hope there will be a soaking rain before spring sowing!" Compared with the anxiety of fruit farmers, the reporter found that more farmers who grow crops are not in a hurry, because their land is still sleeping under the ice. It is understood that the spring sowing in Zhangjiakou, which only grows one crop, will start from April to May.

Miao Zhicheng introduced that the current drought has led to a dry climate, which has no direct impact on the city's agricultural production except for fire prevention. Because a lot of land here is "white land" where crops are not planted in winter. However, if the drought persists and causes a spring drought, it will affect agricultural production.

In the face of the current drought, Miao Zhicheng introduced that the municipal meteorological department will combine the experience accumulated in the previous two years to capture the available rain clouds in time, actively do a good job in artificial precipitation enhancement and alleviate the drought. The city's flood control and drought relief office also said that after the soil thawed in mid-March, it will also measure the water content in time and actively take measures to deal with the drought.

Agricultural experts' advice-scientific drought resistance, targeted

gas station

What should we do in the face of the current rare drought?

The reporter interviewed Guo Jin Gao, a wheat expert and president of Shijiazhuang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, on related issues. They reminded that at present, wheat in our province is still in the wintering period, and it is necessary to scientifically and effectively fight drought according to seedling conditions and climate characteristics.

It is advisable to water in sunny afternoon to avoid flooding.

"Facing the urgent need of drought and irrigation, we must pay attention to scientific watering." Guo Jinkao reminded.

He suggested that for wheat areas where the soil is not frozen tight at present, we should pay attention to cold and antifreeze while fighting drought, irrigate scientifically according to the weather conditions, and irrigate carefully with small water in sunny and warm afternoons. Sprinkler irrigation should be carried out in areas where conditions permit to avoid flooding.

According to reports, the growth of winter wheat in our province is still in the wintering period, the root system is fragile, and floods are easy to cause freezing damage. He explained that in the wheat fields where the soil layer is particularly dry above 10 cm, it is appropriate to water them in sunny afternoons, and at the same time, timely water them with life-saving water. "This can ensure that as much water as possible penetrates into the day to prevent freezing damage."

It is particularly important to note that although the temperature in our province has risen recently, irrigation should be stopped in time before the arrival of cold air, especially when the temperature is below zero degrees Celsius, to prevent water from freezing on the surface without infiltrating into the soil, causing wheat seedlings to suffocate or suffer from freezing injury.

Cut the grass in time in sunny afternoon to increase the temperature and keep moisture.

Do you mean to sit back and relax in a watered wheat field? Guo Jinkao reminded that these wheat fields should be mowed in time to prevent soil hardening and cracking and avoid air leakage and water loss. "In the process of hoeing, we must choose the right time, preferably in a sunny afternoon, which can not only make up for the cracks in the soil, but also increase the temperature and preserve moisture." Guo Jin said.

The reporter interviewed Li, a villager in Yang Li Village, Pingxiang County. He introduced that the wheat he planted was frozen water poured last year1late October 165438+. "Now there have been many cracks on the ground, and the wheat seedlings have obviously begun to dry up. Wheat seedlings are young, and the ridges planted by machines are narrow, so it is difficult to hoe. What can we do? " In this regard, experts suggest that other suitable agricultural tools, such as small nails and iron harrows, can be used to hoe the ground. For plots that are really difficult to hoe, wheat can be humidified with sprayers and other equipment in the afternoon. "According to the agricultural time arrangement in the south-central part of our province, it is not yet time to hoe the fields in the wheat fields, but this year's drought is serious, so we should act in advance." Expert advice.

In severely frozen wheat fields, straw mulch can be used to protect soil moisture and prevent freezing.

"My family has two wheat fields that are dry land. What if there is no water to water them? "

In response to this question raised by farmers, Guo Jin Kao suggested: "Wheat fields with no frozen water, poor soil preparation quality, serious water shortage and serious freezing injury can be covered with straw or straw manure. This can keep heat and moisture, so as to prevent the deterioration of drought and freezing damage. These are expedient measures, and the final lifting of the drought depends on watering the wheat as soon as it turns green. "

For wheat fields that are not irrigated by rotary tillage, have no irrigation conditions or are not suitable for irrigation in cold weather, Guo Jin suggested that measures such as suppression, spreading farmyard manure and covering straws can be taken to preserve moisture, resist drought and prevent freezing.

According to the survey, the most serious drought at present is the poor quality of soil preparation and sowing, thin sand and no frozen water in wheat fields. The soil water loss is serious, and the dry soil layer 10 cm is a serious drought. The green leaf area of the plant is about 50%, and the individual plots are only 20%.

"From what we know, the general wheat field is growing normally at present.