Learn about the origin of some bridges. thank you

Zhao Zhouqiao, also known as Anji Bridge, was built in the great cause of the Sui Dynasty (605-6 18) by the famous craftsman Li Chun. With a length of 64.40 meters and a span of 37.02 meters, it is a single-hole open-shouldered stone arch bridge with the largest span and the earliest construction in the world. Because the shoulders at both ends of the bridge have two small holes, which are not solid, it is called open shoulder type, which is a creation in the history of bridge building in the world (called full shoulder type or solid shoulder type without small arch).

Since 1400 years ago, Zhao Zhouqiao has experienced 10 floods, 8 wars and many earthquakes, especially 1966 Xingtai M7.6 earthquake. Xingtai is more than 40 kilometers away from here, and there is also a 4.0 earthquake here. Zhao Zhouqiao was not damaged. Mao Yisheng, a famous bridge expert, said that no matter what the internal structure of the bridge is, there can only be 65,433. 1963 The flood flooded the arch of the bridge. According to the local old man, standing on the bridge can feel the bridge body shaking greatly. According to records, Zhao Zhouqiao has been restored eight times since its establishment.

Adding two small arch coupons at the upper end of the main arch coupon can save materials, reduce the dead weight of the bridge (reduce the dead weight 15%) and increase the discharge of river water under the bridge.

1979 in may, a joint investigation team composed of four units, including the natural history group of China academy of sciences, investigated the bridge foundation in Zhao Zhouqiao. The weight of Zhao Zhouqiao is 2,800 tons, and its foundation is only a abutment with a height of 1.55 meters made of five layers of stones, which is directly built on natural sand and gravel.

Such a shallow bridge foundation is unbelievable. When Mr. Liang Sicheng inspected 1933, he thought that it was only a diamond wall to prevent water erosion, but not the foundation to bear the full load of the bridge ticket. He wrote in the report:

"In order to measure the coupon base, we dug at the foot of the coupon in the north, but now about 70-80 cm below the riverbed, that is, we found the stone wall lying flat under the coupon. Stone * * * has five floors, and the height of * * * is1.58m. Each floor is slightly higher than the upper one, and there is no solid foundation below. Obviously, it is just a diamond wall used to prevent water erosion, not a foundation bearing the full load of bridge vouchers. Because water will be seen in another 30-40 cm, unless it is excavated on a large scale, it is impossible to reach the bridge foundation position that we speculate according to theory. "

199 1 In September, Zhao Zhouqiao was selected as the 12 "International Civil Engineering Milestone" by the American Society of Civil Engineers, and a bronze statue of "International Civil Engineering Historical Monument" was built on the east side of the north end of the bridge.

In order to protect Zhao Zhouqiao, the new bridge structure built at 100 meters east of Zhao Zhouqiao at the end of last century still uses Zhao Zhouqiao, but the number of small arches on the main arch is increased to five on one side.

2. Beautiful love-the origin of the double bridge

More than a thousand years ago, there lived two well-off families in Datong Lane, Wenzhou, one surnamed Li and the other surnamed Zhang. Zhang's house faces east, Li's house faces west, door to door and window to window. The Zhang family has three parents and the Li family has three parents and daughters. Zhang Gong likes playing chess, and Li Jia's father also likes playing games. Chess fans can't stop chatting when they touch chess fans.

The two adults are close and affectionate. This year, Zhang was thirteen years old and Li Xiaochan was in December. Two adults agreed to get married. On the day of engagement, the two children seemed to understand each other, which made them quite embarrassed. After meeting, I felt a little embarrassed.

Three years later, a big fire burned half of Datong Lane. That day, the southeast wind blew very hard. Sitting in a house facing east, Vulcan set fire to crows. Fortunately, the back door is the river, from which the Zhang family escaped. People are out of danger, but they have difficulties in food, clothing, housing and transportation. As the saying goes, "a thief steals half, but the fire goes out." The fire burned the soul and soul of a public figure, and when you think about it, you feel depressed and can't afford to get sick Since the Zhang family lived in the past, the life of mother and son has become more difficult.

Besides, the Li family lived across the street from the Zhang family, and they were also a false alarm when the fire broke out. Fortunately, with the help of the southeast wind, the firemen trampled some of his rafters and helped the Zhang family many times without moving the money. It's really easy to save the poor, but when Zhang Gong died, Li Jiahe's hometown's heart cooled a lot. Li Po hated this marriage, blaming Li Dad for playing chess and burning it in the iron pot hole.

Li Po asked Li Dad to go to the Zhangjia several times to break off an engagement. Dad Li thought he was engaged. How could he say the word "break off an engagement"? The Li family didn't go back, and the Zhang family didn't come to pick it up, so it dragged on for three or four years. Li Jia and his wife often quarrel about their daughter's marriage. Li Xiao slowly see in the eye, worry in my heart. Tears rolled down the bed.

On the Lantern Festival that year, men, women and children at the bottom of Wenzhou flocked to Wuma Street to watch the Lantern Festival, and Li Xiaochan also went with several female companions. Fortunately, the dragon lantern is dancing. Zhang first saw Xiao Man, squeezed into her side, and gently let out a cry, "Xiao Man." Li Xiaochan turned to look, it was Zhang. I saw that his clothes were very thin, and he was as thin as a bone. Her heart was so sour that she couldn't help crying.

In order to avoid people's eyes and ears, the two left the downtown area in tandem and walked towards the outside of Xiaonanmen. When they came to a quiet place, they stood under a banyan tree by the bridge. Li XiaoLu just let out a cry "Brother A Lang", tears streaming down her face, unable to speak.

Zhang like a disorderly arrow shot through the heart, holding a small slow cry. After crying for a long time, he looked up and said, "Xiao Huan, I heard that your parents are going to break off their marriage." I just hate that I have no money to get married. Even if you come in, I can't support you. It seems that you and I have no hope in this life, but only seek the afterlife. ..... "Li Xiao slowly cried and said," A Lang brother, I can't be husband and wife in my life. I hope I can get married after I die. " After speaking, he hugged Zhang tightly and jumped into the Tanghe River with a "winter".

A few days later, Zhang's mother didn't see her son go home. She had to go to a nearby neighborhood to ask, but she didn't have the courage to ask Li. Li's people only thought that they had eloped with Li XiaoLu and had a few quarrels with him. Later, when the Li family saw that raw rice was cooked into mature rice, they stopped making trouble.

In June of the following year, several lotus leaves were born next to the Tanghe Bridge, and an ice lotus was born, which is a rare miracle in the Millennium. After the county magistrate's uncle knew about it, he also came to watch the fun. After reading it, he suddenly thought of a good idea. Few people in the world have seen this kind of lotus. If it is transplanted as a bonsai and sent to Kyoto Imperial Garden, it will be cheaper. He hired manpower to build dikes and dig water.

Everyone screamed in surprise when the waterwheel dried up. I saw two bodies at the bottom of the river, a man and a woman, snuggling up to each other, looking alive and kicking. A man and a woman grew ice lotus in their mouths. When this anecdote came out, it persuaded the whole city of Wenzhou, and men and women flocked to the Tang River to see it. Some people who know Zhang and Li XiaoLu talked about their tortuous experiences. Hearing this, the county magistrate also rushed over to have a look. After reading it, he ordered Dibao to bury the two bodies together. He also carved a tombstone and placed it in front of the grave.

Later, in order to commemorate the couple, the bridge was named "Double Bridge" by the locals.

3. Low stool bridge:

Located in the middle of the low stool bridge road outside the east gate, it runs east-west and crosses the low stool river. It turned out to be a steep door selling firewood, with a stone structure, named after the bridge looks like a low stool. Legend has it that an emperor fled and could not cross the river. The landlord extradited him with a low stool. After the emperor ascended the throne, he was pardoned as a low stool bridge.

4. Gu Si Bridge:

The old pavilion on the bridge was built to commemorate Wang He and Mu, the champion of the Song Dynasty.

5. The origin of Guanhe Bridge

According to legend, the lotus flowers in Honghu Lake are particularly beautiful every June. When the wind blows, waves of fragrance float straight to kuya Palace. All the immortals in the Heavenly Palace smelled this fragrance and wanted to go down and have a look, for fear that the Jade Emperor would not agree. When the queen mother knew it, she said to the jade emperor, "Jade emperor! The audience fairy said that there is a hundred-mile lotus pond on the earth, and the lotus is particularly beautiful, which is several times better than the lotus in our Yaochi. Now is the time when it is in full bloom. It is better to bring all the immortals to the world to watch. " The Jade Emperor said, "The road is narrow and muddy, and there is nowhere to stay. How can we reward the lotus?" Venus, too white, said, "What's so difficult?" . Please ask the Jade Emperor to order Luban to build a double-zigzag bridge within seven days, from the worse gate to the baili Lotus Pond. If the Jade Emperor wants to see the lotus, he can go directly to the lotus pond from the bridge. Hearing this, the Jade Emperor was overjoyed, and even made Taibai Venus responsible for supervising the construction. Before the seventh day, a double zigzag bridge was built. The Jade Emperor took the immortals for a walk on the bridge to watch, and unconsciously recited a poem: "There is a long way to go between heaven and earth, and Luban can obviously build a curved bridge. Since then, the road to lotus has been unimpeded, and the gods and mortals are happy. " All the immortals applauded.

Then, on June 18 of the following year, the immortals came down to see the lotus with the Jade Emperor and the Empress Dowager. Year after year, it is also safe. This year, General Tianhe of Tiangong and Qionghua Fairy of Yaochi Palace became secret admirers, and they often used double zigzag bridges to cheat on the earth. After a long time, the jade emperor knew. In a rage, he broke into the cold palace of heaven, and the double zigzag bridge was also split into two pieces by the jade emperor's sword, and one piece went up in smoke, breaking the road for immortals to enjoy lotus. One is trapped in the lotus pond of Baili Honghu Lake for ordinary people to watch lotus flowers. Later generations called this bridge Guanhe Bridge.

6. Zilai Bridge

Zilai Bridge, formerly known as Tongxi Bridge, was once named Zilai Bridge and Liangbi Bridge. It is located outside the industrial zone of Tongcheng County, on the Zilai River, with an east-west trend.

Ancient times was the connection between Shu (Zhou) and Lu (Zhou). Today is the link between the city and the countryside. The bridge is 48 meters long and 406 meters high, with five holes and four piles. Made of granite, the first hole at the west end of the bridge was erected one by one with granite. The other four holes are paved with huge long stones and are square. There are deep traces of ancient roads in the middle of the bridge deck, with the bridge stack facing the water and sharp diversion piers. Today, the first diversion pier in the west no longer exists.

Zilai Bridge, Yuan Yi Fang Deyi (Fang Bao's ancestor) donated money to rebuild the stone bridge. At the end of Jiajing in the Ming Dynasty, Shiqiao, Muyi Bridge, Kaijian, and Chen Zanhua, a magistrate of a county, repaired the stone bridge. Renamed "Zilaiqiao" to persuade Zi Qi to come to the East.

At the beginning of the Qing Dynasty, the bridge foundation gradually collapsed. In the eighteenth year of Shunzhi (16 1), Wu Ruzhen, a magistrate of a county, restored it, and Chen Zhuo, a Chinese book jointly written by the people and the cabinet, erected a monument for the Dongmen Bridge (which does not exist today) in Tongcheng County.

The wooden bridge was rebuilt in the reign of Kangxi Gang (1665) and was restored by Hu Bixuan, a magistrate of a county, in the seventh year (1668). The structure is solid and convenient, and it was once renamed Zilai Bridge. At that time, Han Yi wrote a poem: "The column is red as water, and the white stone is as light as Ling Bo. If the bridge is flat, the car is driving and riding. " Discipline its grand occasion.

At the beginning of Qianlong, it was destroyed by floods. College student Zhang donated tens of thousands of yuan to rebuild this stone bridge, and there are bridge pavilions on both sides of the bridge. The people in the city are virtuous, and in order to persuade the virtuous to disperse their talents, they changed their names to "Liangbi Bridge". Yao Xingquan, after Zhucheng, said: "Tongcheng is good, the bridge spans the bank of the big river, the donation tube depends on the beam wall, the dike is respectful, and the seven provinces are golden boys."

In the fifth year of Jiaqing, the bridge was destroyed by flash floods in (180 1). 18 15, it took Luchi County 20 years to build a single-plank bridge. During the Xianfeng period, the Hongqi Bridge Pavilion was attacked by soldiers again.

In the third year of Tongzhi (1863), Xue, a magistrate of a county, raised funds to build a stone bridge. After nine years (1870), it was repaired again. Later, because of its age, it was washed away by the flood. In the 22nd year of the Republic of China (1933), it was renovated again.

1984 Tongcheng county people's government allocated funds to repair bridge piles and replace bridge railings and a few bridges.

1985 In September, the county people's government announced "Zilaiqiao" as a county-level key cultural relics protection unit.