Why did Du Fu go to Jinguancheng?

Jinguan City, another name of ancient Chengdu.

In November of the 11th year of Tianbao (752), An Shi Rebellion broke out and Du Fu made an insurrection. The Anshi Rebellion was the turning point of the Tang Dynasty from prosperity to decline. Life in the Central Plains was devastated, and Du Fu also suffered from war.

After the chaos, Du Fu took his family from Fengxian to Baishui, and then from Baishui to northern Shaanxi. "Wild fruit fills the valley, and humble branches become rafters." Eating wild fruits and building shacks, poets and exiled people endured the pain of national ruin and death. On July 13th, the following year, Prince Hengli succeeded to the throne in Lingwu (now Ningxia) and changed the yuan to virtue. Du Fu has fled to Yanzhou (now Fuxian County, Shaanxi Province). In August, he learned that the new emperor Tang Suzong ascended the throne, so he settled in Qiang Village, left Yanzhou alone, went north to Yanzhou (now Yan 'an, Shaanxi), came up with Luziguan (near Hengshan County, Shaanxi), and arrived in Lingwu. On the way, he was captured by rebels and escorted to Chang 'an. Fortunately, Du Fu's status was not high at that time, and his reputation was not great. He paid attention to seclusion and was not valued by the Hu people. He was not sent to be an official in Chang 'an, Luoyang, forcing him to surrender, so Du Fu was not sent to Luoyang, nor did he work in the puppet government during the Anshi Rebellion. Not only was he not forced to surrender, but he was not treated as a prisoner because of his good concealment. The Anshi Rebellion allowed sightseeing in the city, and the action was relatively free.

Appreciation of ai jiangtou

At that time, Chang 'an was no longer prosperous under the brutal ravages of the rebels, so he wrote sad poems such as "Ai Jiang Tou" and "Spring Hope". He wrote in "Ai Jiang Tou":

"Shaoling Yelaoyan cried, and I stole like a shadow of spring in the winding river.

There are thousands of palaces on the shore and new branches of willows. Who are you green for? .

I remember the colorful flags floating from the South Garden, which was full of colors.

The first lady of the kingdom, from the Sun Palace, waited on the emperor's royal chariot.

The cavalry in front of them were all holding bows and arrows, and discerning horses were chewing gold.

An archer, chest up, went through the clouds and hit a pair of birds with one arrow.

Where are those perfect eyes and those pearly teeth? A blood-stained soul has no home and nowhere to go.

A clear wave flowed eastward, crossing the Diaolou Mountain Path, and there was no news.

Compassionate people shed tears and hoped that she would be as eternal as rivers and flowers.

Tatars on horseback, in the dim twilight, covered the town with dust. I fled to the south, but I was still staring at the throne in the north. "

In this poem, he wrote that he could only hold back his inner pain and dare not burst into tears. In the warm spring season in bloom, a person secretly came to Qujiang. We still remember that Du Fu wrote two songs for Road a few years ago. In that poem, he told Mrs. Guo, Mrs. Qin, Yang and others that he came to Qujiang for a spring outing on March 3 when the weather was fine. Now what did Du Fu see in Qujiang, Chang 'an under the control of the Anshi Rebellion? What I saw was "Since all the palaces on the shore are sealed by thousands of doors", I saw that the doors of the palaces beside Qujiang were locked and nobody was there. "Fine willow, new rushes, who are you green for?" The slender willow branches and the newly plucked Pu leaves are still green. He recalled that Mrs. Guo came to Qujiang with Mrs. Qin and Yang, but now? "Where are those perfect eyes and those pearly teeth?" Where did Yang Guifei and Tang Xuanzong go? Tang Xuanzong has taken refuge in Shu, and Yang Guifei has died. A blood-stained elf has no home and nowhere to go, and there is no news from the waters of Wei in Wang Qinghe to the east, crossing the steeple path on the crevice, and there is no news. People, full of compassion, are all tears left by a wish with tears in their eyes, but she looks at rivers and flowers forever like rivers and flowers. The poet's grief and indignation can't help coming to his heart, and his face is full of tears.

"On the Tatar, in the twilight, the cloud town is dusty." The Anshi Rebellion was so domineering and arrogant in the city that when the poet returned to his residence in the south of the city, he could not help but publicize it to the north of the city. "I fled south, but I wandered north." At that time, when Lingwu ascended the throne, in the north of the city, he revealed that the poet was eager for Tang Jun to defeat the Anshi Rebellion, recover Chang 'an, and restore Chang 'an's former prosperity and peace. This is the Qujiang side of the Anshi Rebellion that the poet saw alone in Qujiang in a spring. The poet's feelings of worrying about the country and the people and his resentment against the Anshi rebellion are revealed from the stream.

Appreciation of The Mourning King Sun and Other Works

Xiaoqin Du: In addition, Du Fu also wrote a poem "Mourning for the Prince and Sun", describing the tragic experience of the descendants of the princes and nobles who were arrogant in Chang 'an after the An-Shi Rebellion occupied Chang 'an. This poem writes:

A white-headed crow flies along the wall of the capital to the autumn gate, where it sings.

Then he turned around again and pecked at the roof of a building. The owner of this building, a powerful China man, had fled in front of the Tatars.

Now his golden whip is broken and his nine horses are dead. His own flesh and blood were scattered in the wind.

There is a rare green coral ring under the vest, which shows a prince crying on a street corner.

Whoever wants to give him a fake name, anyone asks him, just a poor guy, hoping to get a job.

Hiding in the grass and thorns for a hundred days, from head to toe are displayed on him.

However, since their first emperor, all the hooked noses, these dragons look different from ordinary people.

The wolf is in the palace now, and the dragon has disappeared in the desert. Prince, be very careful of your most sacred person! .

I dare not talk to you for a long time on the open road, nor dare I stand beside you for a while.

Last night, the spring breeze smelled of blood, and camels from the East were everywhere in the ancient capital.

Our soldiers in the north are healthy in body and hands. Oh, why are they so brave in the past and so cowardly now? .

Our emperor, we heard, has given his son the throne, and the leader of the southern border is loyal.

Huamen Tribe and Li Mian Tribe are gathering to avenge us, but be careful-let yourself hide the dagger well.

Unfortunate prince, I beg you, always be vigilant until the strength of the five imperial tombs comes to help you. "

This poem describes what happened to Wang Sun in Chang 'an under the occupation of Anshi Rebellion. The nobles of Wang Sun, who once lived in Huatang Gaotang, fled Chang 'an one after another, "avoiding Hu" and all the way out of "holding my fourth aunt in Phnom Penh", so that they hurriedly fled for their lives, so that they interrupted the golden whip and killed nine horses. This is an exaggeration, which shows their fear when they run away. They are so anxious and fast when they run away that their children can't take them away completely. So there are some "street princes crying" Wang Sun, abandoned by their parents in Chang 'an because they lost their parents, crying on the roadside. Du Fu asked these princes and grandchildren who would give him a fake name, but they had a strong smell of hardship. "The descendants of these former princes and nobles dare not say their names for fear of being captured by Hu Bing, but they just told the poet that he is in pain now, even if he is someone else's slave, he is willing to live. Look at him again, hiding in the grass and thorns for a hundred days, showing him from head to toe. The child has been hiding in thorns for many days. He doesn't have a complete skin, and there are injuries everywhere. But even so, the poet still wants to comfort these children and let them protect their daughters and bodies. I'm sure Tang Bing will fight back. The king of Chang 'an still exists, and the country does not die. The prosperity of the past will surely come back. It can be seen that Du Fu is in chaos and in Chang 'an, but he still cares about the country and is full of confidence in victory. Moreover, although the poet was stuck in Chang 'an, he still cared about the status quo of the war through different channels and many relationships.

When Tang Jun was defeated by Chen Heqing, the poet was so sad that he wrote Sadness and Sadness Qing, mourning the soldiers who died for his country and criticizing Tang Jun for his hasty use of troops. He said that Tang Jun, the initiator of Shi Jun's food price, was defeated, so that 40,000 loyal ministers died in battle one day, and the blood stained the inclined lake in Chen Tao. And Hu Bing, who came back from the battlefield, was so arrogant. Their swords were stained with the blood of our Tang Junbing. They sang Hugh to celebrate their victory and drank in Chang 'an, while Chang 'an people could only turn their heads to the north and secretly cry. "Blue Board of Sorrow" said, "Our army is sitting in the East Gate, and it is cold to drink horses at Taibai Point. Yellow-headed Xi 'er travels westward every day. He dares to gallop with a bow. The ice field of the mountain snow river is bleak, and the green is the beacon smoke and bones. I don't want to attach a book to our army. I don't want to catch up with next year. " In this poem, he advised Tang Jun's generals not to fight any more, but to make plans before fighting the Anshi Rebellion. In his poem Seruzi, Du Fu expressed his concern about the emptiness of the border defense at Seruzi Pass, which was prescient. He hoped that the imperial court would immediately send troops to strengthen its defense so as not to be used by the rebels. It can be seen that Du Fu is not only a scholar, but also has some military talents. He was very familiar with the situation of the two armies at that time and the changes on the battlefield, and he was very concerned.

Du Fu, like Li Bai, is not an official.

In the summer of the second year of Zhide (757), Du Fu secretly escaped from Chang 'an from Jinguangmen in the west of Guocheng outside Chang 'an City after scouting the terrain and situation in advance. Along the way, he walked in fear at night, hiding under lush vegetation during the day and sneaking around at night. Finally through the loyalist and rebel confrontation line, came to the wind headquarters. Du Fu fled to Fengxiang, just because "Ma Xie saw the son of heaven, and his sleeves showed two elbows". It was a hard journey. When Du Fu met Su Zong, Du Fu wore a pair of Ma Xie on his feet, his sleeves were broken and his elbows were exposed. Su Zong felt his loyalty and soon appointed him Zuo Shiyi. However, within two months, Du Fu was naive in his honest confession, because he saved Fang Zuming and angered Su Zong. Thanks to Zhang Gao's rescue, he survived.

This happened within half a month after Du Fu just paid homage to Zuo. It seems that Du Fu, like Li Bai, is not cut out to be an official.

In October of the 15th year of Tianbao (756), when Fang Yi's unified army recovered two Beijing cities, Chen Tao and Qingban were defeated by sticking to the ancient art of war. At that time, Su Zong was furious. Because of Li Bi's negotiation, Su Zong forgave him and kept it the same. Since then, Fang Yi claimed that he was ill and did not bow to the court. He doesn't care about his job. Every day, he talks with his ordinary son Herry Liu and doctor Li Yi, or listens to Dong playing drums. Dong often uses bribery as a medium to let officials meet with officials.

Fang Fang is an old minister of Xuanzong dynasty, who once went to Shu with Xuanzong. Su zong was wary of the old minister of Xuanzong dynasty. He listened to the slanderers of Helan Jin Ming, a turbid official at that time, and thought that furniture was unfaithful to him, so he dismissed the position of prime minister of furniture and was demoted as the prince of Shao Shi. Du Fu and Gui Fang are friends of Buyi. They think Gui Fang is honest and straightforward, and fighting is not his strong point. Defeat is excusable. President Su was not punished after the defeat. It is wrong to stop this time because of the fatigue of the public. Therefore, Du Fu casually said: "The crime is acceptable, and it is not appropriate to avoid ministers." This crime is not enough to dismiss, and now the country is employing people. Su Zong was furious and asked Wei Zhi, Cui Guangyuan and Yan Zhenqing to give a question. After questioning, Wei Li suggested that Du Fu's ci was fierce, but he lost his style of exhortation. Although Du Fu's words are fierce, he is still performing his duties as a left-wing scavenger. Su Zong flew into a rage and was dissatisfied with Wei Zhi. Prime Minister Zhang Gao replied: "If you just make amends, you will lose your words." We arrested Du Fu and punished him. I'm afraid no one dares to make any suggestions. The emperor's will is the solution, so we let Du Fu go. On June 1st, the second year of Zhide (757), Du Fu was still in the imperial court. Du fu apologized on the table. Although he was saved by the minister, he reiterated his previous statement that he did not avoid suspicion and defended himself and Su Zong in court. It can be seen that Du Fu is very stubborn, so making such a big mistake is almost "making amends". Finally, he refused to accept his words.

Du Fu's rescue apartment was released by Prime Minister Zhang Hao, but Su Zong was deeply annoyed after all. "The emperor is not very conservative." Since then, Su Zong has never reused Du Fu. On the first day of August in the second year of Zhide (757), Du Fu was sent back to his hometown in Zhangzhou to visit relatives.

Without paying his ambition, Du Fu's real life situation is miserable.

This incident is tantamount to pouring cold water on Du Fu's heart full of enthusiasm for serving the country. In leap August, Su Zong chartered Du Fu to go home to visit relatives, in fact, he deliberately alienated him. Along the way, the poet saw the destruction of the society and the suffering of the people brought by the war, and he couldn't help burning with anger. He wrote three epic poems, Northern Expedition and Qiangzhai.

In the Northern Expedition, Du Fu said, "Although I lack the attitude of remonstration, I am afraid that you will lose." He also said that although I don't have the attitude of remonstrators throughout the ages, my fierce words and deeds are good, and I am afraid that I will lose when I govern the country today. I also think that Su Zong "sincerely urges the Lord, and the longitude and latitude are solid", but what he did on his way home. Climbing over the eaves, people are bleak. I was hurt more and groaned more. "I met refugees on the road, and many villages were destroyed by war and sparsely populated." Late at night after the battlefield, the cold moon shines on the bones. Tongguan million divisions, where to go? "At the expense of millions of soldiers, there are not many people left. After returning home, "after living in a hut for so many years, my wife has a hundred knots on her clothes." "Tears, sad spring * * * suffocating. All my life, the color is white. Seeing crying behind, dirty feet are not socks. Two little girls in front of the bed, they crossed their knees after filling. The picture is choppy and the old embroidery twists and turns. Tianhao and Zifeng hang upside down in short brown. When I got home, I found my wife in rags, and her clothes were tied with a hundred knots. I saw my children. Although their skin is white and lovely, they don't know their father. When they saw their father coming back, they hid behind their backs and began to cry. They are dirty and have no socks. They are barefoot in the house. " The two little girls are knee-high in front of the bed. "'The chart is full of waves, and the old embroidery twists and turns', and the patterns of Haibo are all messed up." Tianhao and Zifeng hang upside down in short brown, and Yuanfeng hangs upside down because of mending old clothes. However, after returning to China, the poet enjoyed this kind of family happiness and saw the loveliness of his children, because Du Fu brought some gifts to his wife and children when he came back from Beijing. After his wife used the cosmetics brought back by Du Fu, her face was "skinny and radiant", and the thin wife regained her luster, while the younger daughter naively learned to imitate her mother's makeup. "Learn from her mother and make up casually. "In this case, the poet later thought that the world was in a state of war, and the Anshi rebellion was still rampant in the world. The poet is worried about when the treacherous court official in the DPRK can be destroyed and when the rebels are suppressed. At the end of the poem, he was still full of worries about state affairs, hoping that Su Zong would make great achievements like Emperor Taizong and enrich Qiang Bing.

Du Fu abandoned his official position and began to wander for the rest of his life.

In September of that year, Chang 'an was recovered. 1 1 month, Du Fu returned to Chang 'an and remained there to collect the remains. Although he was loyal to his duties, he was eventually implicated in the Fang Yi case and was demoted to join the army in June of the first year of Gan Yuan (758). That winter, Du Fu went to Luoyang from Huazhou to handle affairs. On the way, he personally felt that the people suffered from war and hated the Anshi rebellion. Realizing that the Anshi Rebellion mainly caused corruption in the imperial court, the people suffered great pain and sacrifice, he wrote down "three officials" (Xin 'an official, Tongguan official and Shihu official) and "three farewell" (newly married, resigned and homeless) with hatred for the rebels, love for the country and praise for the people. Zhou Hua Sigong's joining the army brought Du Fu only irritability and distress. He was completely disappointed with Su Zong, so he resolutely left his job in the autumn of two years in Gan Yuan and began a wandering life for the rest of his life.

After Du Fu abandoned his official position, he went to Qin Zhou and Tonggu to avoid famine. At the end of Gan Yuan's second year, Du Fu arrived in Chengdu. The next year, with the help of relatives and friends, he built a thatched cottage in the western suburbs of Chengdu and found a place to settle down. The poem "Buju" says: "The western end of Huanhuaxi belongs to Buyou, knowing that Guo is involved, and even more worrying about selling customers into Chengjiang." "I'm in the north and I'm in the south, and spring water is flooding, and I only see seagulls day after day" ("Guests Arrive") has a beautiful environment, and the poet has established a deep friendship with his neighbors, and his life is relatively calm.

In the first year of Baoying, Zhenshu was funded and the thatched cottage was greatly expanded. He raises chickens, ducks and geese, grows herbs, vegetables, bamboos, pines and peaches. Sometimes he uses a small axe to cut down evil trees, and sometimes he leads his children to hoe poisonous weeds. His life is fairly happy. However, the good times did not last long. In April this year, Xuanzong and his son died one after another, and Daizong acceded to the throne. In July, Yanwu was recalled to North Korea. After leaving, Xu knew that there was a rebellion in Chengdu, and Du Fu drifted from Mianzhou to Zizhou and Langzhou (Langzhong, Sichuan). It was not until the second year of Guangde (760) that he came to Shuzhong again and returned to the thatched cottage, where he drifted for nearly two years. At this time, Yanwu recommended Yuan Wailang of Du Fu's work department and became Yanwu's staff. Later generations also called Du the Ministry of Industry. Although Yanwu is his good friend, because he works under him, he is restricted by superiors and subordinates and shogunate. Du Fu felt uneasy and resigned soon. Guangde in April, Yanwu died, Du Fu had no choice but to leave Chengdu. During these five or six years, Du Fu was still living a hard life. He said, "The book of a thick and generous old friend is broken, and the son who is hungry is desolate" ("Madman") "Fools don't know the ceremony of father and son, so they are angry and beg for food and cry to the East Gate." He used some details of his life to show the hardships of his life. He said that his children are not sensible, don't know how to respect their fathers, and don't know the courtesy of their masters. When they are hungry, whether they are fathers or not, they should follow the ceremony of father and son. When you are hungry, you clamor for food and cry at the east gate. In the autumn wind and rainstorm, Du Fu's hut was dilapidated, and his wife was hungry and couldn't sleep all night. He wrote "The Hut was Blown by Autumn Wind".

After Du Fu left Chengdu, he passed through Jiazhou, Rongzhou (Yibin), Yuzhou (Chongqing), Zhongzhou (Zhongxian) and Yunan (Yunyang) and arrived in Kuizhou (Fengjie) in the first year of Dali. Thanks to the care of Bai Maolin, the magistrate of Kuizhou, Du Fu was able to stay here for the time being, take care of the 100 hectare public land in Dongtun, rent some public land by himself, buy a 40-acre orchard, hire several employees and take part in some labor with his family. During this period, the poet's creation reached a climax. In less than two years, he wrote more than 430 poems, accounting for almost 30% of the existing works.

In the third year of Dali, Du Fu was homesick, took a boat out of the gorge, first went to Jiangling, then to the police, and drifted to Yueyang, Hunan at the end of the year. During this period, Du Fu lived in a boat. Because of the difficulties of life, not only can we not return to the north, but we are forced to travel further south. In the first month of the fourth year of Dali, from Yueyang to Tanzhou (Changsha), from Tanzhou to Hengzhou (Hengyang), and then back to Tanzhou. In the fifth year of Dali, Zang Jun made an insurrection in Tanzhou, and Du Fu fled to Hengzhou again. He had planned to go to Chenzhou to take refuge in his uncle Cui Kun, but the Leiyang River surged, so he had to dock in Tianyi Fang and didn't eat for five days. Fortunately, the county magistrate Nie sent someone to send wine and meat, so he didn't starve to death. Later, Du Fu had to travel more than 200 miles upstream from Leiyang to Chenzhou. At this time, the flood did not retreat, and Du Fu returned to the north with one heart. At this time, he changed his plan, went downstream and returned to Tanzhou.

This winter, the poet died on a ship from Tanzhou to Yueyang, thus completing his hard and bitter life course. With great sorrow for the country and people, he left his weak boys and girls who were living in a foreign land and lacked the skills to make a living, and died with ambition.

I didn't have any friends or relatives when I was in Chengdu, but I made some friends later.