What Lingnan cultures are there in Foshan?

Summary of Foshan's position in Lingnan culture: This paper investigates the position of Foshan culture in Guangfu and Lingnan culture by using the method of quantitative statistics and the theory of human geography, and holds that Foshan occupies the primary position in Lingnan, regardless of the quantity and quality of talents in previous dynasties or the quantity and scarcity of legacy documents, which determines Foshan's central position in Lingnan culture. The prosperity of Foshan culture depends on Foshan's regional environment, geographical location and economic development level. Keywords: Foshan Guangfu Cultural Status About Author: Chen (1975-), male, associate professor of Foshan Institute of Science and Technology, deputy director of Chinese Department) When discussing Guangdong culture and its rising process, Qu Dajun said: "Guangdong lives in the south of the world, so it is called South China, also known as South China. The house of fire, the market of Zhu Rong and the civilization of the world have reached the acme. So it was too late. From the Han Dynasty to the Tang and Song Dynasties, there was light in all directions. Therefore, the speaker today is called Guangdong. ..... My husband, one country's humanities, the world's humanities. Knowing that the world belongs to one country and knowing that one country belongs to one person. ..... My hometown, Guangdong, is also a respectful mulberry, which depends on the beauty of the article. The writer who expresses Tao also respects his words, so he respects his Tao. Tao can be seen in the words of a fellow countryman. I think the capital and animal morality of business travel are the foundation. Isn't that why I study? " [[ 1]] Here, Qu Dajun expounded the academic viewpoint that the rise of Guangdong culture depends on Guangdong geography, and put forward the regional cultural perspective of people, culture, land and country and the significance of regional cultural research. This paper intends to inherit and develop the ancient sages' investigation methods of local regional culture, and use quantitative statistics and human geography theory to investigate Foshan's "people", "culture" and "land" in order to scientifically and accurately evaluate Foshan's position in Lingnan (Guangfu) culture. 1. Foshan is the cultural base of Lingnan. In the feudal era, the prosperity of a local culture can be observed from the number of talents selected by the court from the local area. Therefore, based on Selected Tables of guangzhou fu, this paper draws up a brief list of the geographical distribution of rural tribute and literati in Guangzhou Fu in past dynasties, so as to understand Foshan's position in Guangfu culture. (1) Foshan occupies a central position in Guangfu culture. The total number of rural Gong Shi in guangzhou fu is 1283, including 260 in Panyu, accounting for 20.3%, 357 in Nanhai, accounting for 27.8%, 238 in Shunde, accounting for 18.6%, and 0/93 in Dongguan, accounting for15.0. The number of rural tribute scholars in Nanhai, Shunde, Sanshui and Gaoming counties under Foshan's jurisdiction accounts for 48.7% of the total number of rural tribute scholars in guangzhou fu, accounting for almost half of the country. This shows the central position of Foshan in Lingnan culture. (2) Foshan regional culture is centered on Nanhai and Shunde, and its development is unbalanced. The number of rural tribute and Jinshi provided by Nanhai ranks first, accounting for 27.8% of the total population of guangzhou fu. It is obviously the center of Guangfu culture. Guo Pu of the Jin Dynasty said, "The South China Sea is full of clothes." . Wu Rongguang also pointed out in the Qing Dynasty: "In the national dynasty system, there are two people in nine counties of Guangdong, half in Guangzhou, 14 genera in Guangzhou and half in Nanhai." [3] Shunde accounts for 18.6%, which seems to be inferior to Nanhai. However, since Shunde broke away from the South China Sea in the Ming Dynasty and established a county independently, the speed of cultural rise was amazing, especially in the Qing Dynasty, the number of literati actually surpassed the South China Sea and Panyu, ranking first. In contrast, Sanshui only accounts for 2.0%, and Gaoming only accounts for 0. 1%, which is related to their late establishment of the county and cultural development. "Preface to Biography of Gaoming County" admits: "Gaoming is a country with extensive mistakes, half mountains and half rivers, and simple atmosphere. He has been painting Xinjiang for decades, but talents are coming one after another. Virtue documents are contained in different books. " [[4]] There was only one brilliant candidate in all previous dynasties. Therefore, the editors of county chronicles have to emphasize the virtue and literature recorded in Guangdong Tongzhi, and it is an indisputable fact that its culture is relatively backward. From the perspective of Guangdong Province, Foshan culture is also in a leading position. This can be seen from the "Brief List of the Distribution of Top Scholars, Top Scholars and Flower Explorers in Guangdong in Past Dynasties". As can be seen from the above table, there were 9 champions, 8 runners-up and 9 flower hunters in Guangdong in the past dynasties. Whether it is the champion and runner-up or flower exploration, Foshan ranks first, accounting for more than one-third. In 2007, Yuexiu District of Guangzhou built Nanyue Sage Pavilion. The first batch of 56 South Guangdong sages who made important contributions to Lingnan culture joined the cabinet, and Foshan was selected 10, accounting for 17. 8%, ranking first in all places. [[5]] This also shows the position of Foshan in Lingnan culture. The above analysis mainly focuses on the number of cultural talents. As far as the quality of talents is concerned, all kinds of talents have emerged in Foshan in the past dynasties and become a monument of Guangfu culture. In terms of Confucian classics, there have been Fang Xianfu, Zheng Yu, Pang Song, Qu Dalun, He, Zeng Zhao, Gui Wencan, Wen Runeng and Jane in Foshan since the Ming and Qing Dynasties, all of whom are famous Confucian classics masters in Lingnan. In historiography, there are Zhou Keming, Huang Zhong, Kuang Lu, Liang Tingnan, Li Wentian and Wang Zhaoyong. They all have their own specialties and become famous artists. In terms of literature, Mr.five started Lingnan Poetry School before Nanyuan in the early Ming Dynasty, Foshan ranked the second among the five sons, and Shunde Sun Xu was called Lingnan Poetry School. In the mid-Ming Dynasty, Mr.five, following Nanyuan Garden, took the lead in Guangdong's poetry circles, among which Shunde Ou and Liang Yusheng had great influence in the whole country. In the late Ming and early Qing dynasties, Foshan people accounted for half of the "Twelve Children of Nanyuan"; Shunde Chen Bangyan, Nanhai Chen Zizhuang and Dongguan Zhang Jiayu are also called "Lingnan Three Loyalties"; Chen Gongyin, the son of Chen Bangyan, is also called "the top three in Lingnan" with Li Suiqiu in Panyu and Kuanglu in Nanhai. In the middle of Qing Dynasty, Li Jian and Zhang Jinfang in Shunde, Huang Danshu and Lu Jian in the same county were called "Lingnan Four Schools" because of their good paintings. Hu Yichang in Shunde, Zhang Jinfang, and Feng Ye in Qinzhou are also called "Three Sons of Lingnan" because of their good poems. From the late Qing Dynasty to modern times, Huang Jie in Shunde, Liang Dingfen, Zeng Xijing and Luo Yinggong in Panyu were called "the four schools of Lingnan in modern times" by their poems. Wu pioneered the condemnation of novels in modern times, and Kang Youwei became the representative of the "revolution in poetry". The above-mentioned historical and cultural celebrities, "the wind festival is respectable, the morality can be learned, and the discussion can be convinced ... After the success of the sages, they will also be strengthened by sound and light. It is represented by the South China Sea. " [6] They were born and raised in Foshan, and the construction of Foshan has laid the central position of Foshan in Guangfu culture. It is a real "city name" film of Foshan and a cultural resource for Foshan to build a "cultural city". For example, when we discuss the spirit of Foshan people today, I think the moral integrity, academic spirit and heavy tradition of historical and cultural celebrities can be its important connotation. Second, Foshan is a country of Lingnan literature. When we discuss the status of a local culture, the most important basis is local literature and classics. Qu Dajun's "Guangdong New Language" Volume 11 "Liu Yushi Collection" said: Since Han Changli entered Guangdong, Cantonese people have traveled with him, and those who are famous all over the world have Zhao De in Haiyang and books and districts in Nanhai. When Changli was in Germany, there were poems to distinguish him from others, which were arranged in an orderly way in the book, and Yu Hong also had poems to send to him, which Guangdong people are proud of so far. ..... If the Han Dynasty, my Cantonese started in the west and was used by Chen Qin and Chen Yuan. In the Tang Dynasty, my Cantonese started from the north, and I was (nine years old) and Jun (Liu Wei). Wen and Jun are the end of northern Guangdong and the beginning of southern Guangdong. [7] During the Han and Tang Dynasties, Lingnan Literature Center was located in Guangxin (Fengkai) in western Guangdong and Qujiang (Shaoguan) in northern Guangdong. Since the Tang and Song Dynasties, the Pearl River Delta with Panyu as the center has risen rapidly and become the political, economic and cultural center of Lingnan. Foshan Lingnan has also developed into the most important transportation center, and literature has also developed cumulatively. It gradually became the literary center of Lingnan. Mr. Luo Zhihuan compiled a Brief List of Lingnan Authors and Documents, aiming at reflecting the distribution of Lingnan documents and observing Foshan's position in Lingnan culture: 1. From Han Dynasty to Qing Dynasty, there were 258 authors in Foshan, accounting for 37% of the total number of 692, which was higher than that in Guangzhou (21%). 12% of Huiyang; There are 592 kinds of works recorded in the four collections of the history of Confucian classics in Foshan, accounting for 29%, which is higher than that in Guangzhou (22%) and Huiyang (16%). No matter the number of authors or works, Foshan is the undisputed number one, which shows its central position in Lingnan culture. 2. According to the categories of Foshan literature remains, the number of classics, history and collections ranks first in Lingnan. As far as the proportion of departments is concerned, the department of economics accounts for 13%, the department of history accounts for 2 1%, the collection department accounts for 56%, and the secondary department accounts for 10%. It can be seen that literature and history are particularly developed in Foshan culture. 3. Judging from the dynasties in which the authors distributed, Foshan became the literary center of Lingnan only in Ming and Qing Dynasties. During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, there were 248 writers in Foshan, accounting for 96% of the total writers in Foshan and 35% of the total writers in Lingnan. It can be concluded that the rising period of Foshan culture is the Ming and Qing Dynasties. In Foshan's historical documents, the number of historical documents is considerable. The number of local chronicles in historical documents accounts for the largest proportion. According to statistics, there are 43 kinds and 58 kinds of local chronicles recorded in Foshan, ranking first in the whole Lingnan area and second in the number of records. [[9]] Local chronicles are comprehensive documents that record the natural and social features, historical and realistic materials, material production and spiritual life of an administrative region. Therefore, the production and preservation of local chronicles is actually a conscious construction of regional culture. Based on a certain cultural identity-caste, dialect, local customs, industry and the sense of values and honor formed on this basis, people in a region will consciously use some means to construct and describe the tradition out of historical curiosity about the unity of regional culture, and the most important means is historical compilation, because "the task of historical compilation is to establish and improve the image about the past. Critical or scientific historical compilation explores the accepted or traditional images in the past and studies and perfects them. " [[ 10]] This point can be verified by Liang, a famous historian in Shunde in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Liang Tingbin is the author of many local chronicles, such as Shunde County Records, Biographies of Five Heroes in South Vietnam, The Book of Southern Han Dynasty, Guangdong Coastal Defence Survey, Yuexiu Academy Records, etc. In these works, on the one hand, he tries to accurately reproduce the local history through careful textual research on historical materials, and on the other hand, he consciously participates in the construction of Guangdong cultural characteristics in combination with his own understanding of Lingnan culture. As recorded in the Five Biographies of South Vietnam, Zhao Tuo, the founder of South Vietnam regime, is "Hutchison Baiyue" [[ 1 1]], which is connected to the Central Plains in the north; According to the Records of Southern Han Dynasty, Liezong and his son "recruited celebrities from China and Korea" [12]], which improved the cultural integration level between Lingnan and the Central Plains. In fact, as a historian, Liang deliberately highlighted the compatibility characteristics of Lingnan culture. This writing behavior is actually a typical cultural construction. [13] Sanfo Mountain is the gathering place of Guangdong. The reason why Foshan culture can occupy a central position in Lingnan depends on Foshan's regional environment, geographical location and economic development level. Chen Ming's Red Devil and Zhang Han's Dream of Wandering in the Window >: Volume 2: From Nan 'an to Meiling, the mountain is high and the road is winding, which is not dangerous. Cross the ridge and board the boat. Passing through Don Juan, Pingpu and Luduoqi Peak, surrounded by clear water, it is suitable for entertainment. To Shaozhou, there is Baita dike, and there is Guanyin Cave in Yingde. The cave is in the river, the rocky mountain is high, the water margin is standing, and the cave is secluded. Fly to the opposite side of Hengshiji at the mouth of the temple. The temple is on the mountain, with beautiful peaks, and return to Zhu Zhu, which is almost a victory. After Qingyuan and Sanshui, the tide is long and the water is fast, and it is slowly dragged in. Climbing Xiaojin Mountain, formerly known as Lingzhou Mountain, is called Baotuo Temple, with a portrait of Dongpo and a detached platform in front. Climbing up the mountain, you can see water all around. If you climb the golden mountain, you can see the river, but it is wide and narrow. After that, it passed through the official kiln and arrived in Guangdong City, which is ancient South Vietnam. There are seven gates in the city, Yuexiu Mountain in the northeast corner of the city and Jiuyantang in the northwest, which is the victory of one party. The weather is very warm, and it is a place full of yang and yin. It doesn't snow in winter, flowers don't wither, vegetation doesn't wither, and people get sick when they are wet, which is also caused by the atmosphere. It's tacky and cheap, but it's expensive. However, Zhu and Wu Jin Xiang are all produced in Nanhai Island and do not belong to China. [[ 14]] Foshan is located in the south-central part of Guangdong Province, in the hinterland of the Pearl River Delta, bordering Guangzhou in the east, Zhaoqing in the west, Zhuhai in the south, Qingyuan in the north and Hong Kong and Macao. Its geographical position is very superior, and it can really be called the gathering place of Guangdong and the "gathering place" of Guangdong geography. On a larger scale, Foshan is the gateway for Yunnan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Hunan, Jiangxi and Guangxi provinces to enter Guangzhou. With its unique geographical location, traffic environment and climatic conditions, Foshan is rich in products and developed in trade, making it an enemy of gathering and dispersing materials and personnel. During the Tang and Song Dynasties, the handicraft industry, commerce and culture in Foshan were very prosperous. By the Ming and Qing dynasties, it had developed into a Lingnan town with many businessmen and developed industry and commerce. Together with Hankou Town, Hubei Province, Jingdezhen Town, Jiangxi Province and Zhuxian Town, Henan Province, it was once the largest commodity distribution center and commercial center in southern China, and was listed as one of the "four gathering places" in China (Beijing, Foshan, Suzhou and Hankou). It can be said that the "gathering" of Foshan's geographical transportation location has made it a gathering place for materials and talents, and therefore it has become a source of humanities and a country of literature in Guangdong. From the perspective of cultural geography, the "gathering" of materials and people from all directions in Foshan is actually a kind of cultural gathering, that is, "compatibility", which is one of the typical characteristics of Guangdong culture and can also be regarded as one of Foshan's contributions to Guangfu and even Lingnan culture. Kangxi's "Nanhai County Records" Volume 11 "Biography of Characters" once proudly summed up: "Nanyi is just a metropolis with ten counties gathering, and Linghai's aura is in Ziyupan, so it has been a humanities and real crown of Guangdong for more than a thousand years. Or pass on bamboo silk in the name of honor; Or use words to sprinkle beauty; And martyrdom; Jumping high on the cave; Going down to the boudoir is also a sacrifice, as strong as her husband. It is spectacular, but it is not prosperous. " [[ 15]] The prosperity of Foshan culture directly depends on the economic development level of Foshan. Ye Shidong said: "Guangdong is a good poet, and Mr. Xianshen has returned to the group, regardless of family, production, poetry and gatherings in his old age. Therefore, Guangdong talents are so high. " [[ 16]] It is precisely because Guangdong is rich in local economy that it can solve the worries of retired literati and officialdom, so it is safe to carry out cultural production. Wen Ru can talk about Shunde Cloud: "Shunyi is located in the southwest of Yangcheng, bordering Fan, Xiang and Xin You in the south. There is no land except water. The villas and cottages where I live are surrounded by water, and the boats drift with the tide and the scenery is detached. Therefore, many of its people are very natural and unrestrained, they can write articles and chant, and their opinions are endless. Speaking of the vastness of Wang Yang, commentators say that the spirit of the earth has a clock. " [[ 17]] It can be said that the natural environment affects economic development with traffic conditions, and economic development lays the foundation for cultural development. The promotion of Foshan's economic development to culture can also be directly investigated from the development of local publishing industry. Jin Wuxiang's "Three Stories of Su Xiang" points out in Volume 4: "The Guangdong engraving is in Magang, Shunde County. They are all rich in books, and married women often use books as their capital. " [[ 18]] Xianfeng's "Shunde County Records" Volume III "A Brief Introduction to Land and Products" also records: "Today, Magang carved bookboards, which can be used by women and children after several artistic forests. Men draw lines according to ink marks, and there are more women workers, so it is cheap and far away. " It is precisely because of the convenient lettering conditions that Xianfeng's "Shunde County Records Art and Literature Records" can confidently declare: "I am in the South China Sea, leaving Ming, and my name is Humanities." Great works are impressive and unique, but they don't count. Those who swim in the forest often amuse themselves with songs, so the collection of poems is several times that of Dulan Pavilion. "[[ 19]] The reason why Foshan became a state of Lingnan literature is not unrelated to the development of Foshan's publishing industry in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. If the historical celebrities in Foshan are the "monuments" of Foshan culture and the cultural classics left by Foshan are the "sand stones" for building this monument, then it is the "land" of Foshan that bears these cultural monuments. Looking back, we can know that Foshan is going to build a famous historical and cultural city today. As far as research is concerned, we should start with the study of historical and cultural celebrities and the collation of documents. As far as actual development is concerned, it depends on economic revitalization based on environmental protection, transportation and cultural industries.