Investigation report on climate warming

Today is World Environment Day, and the United Nations Environment Programme has determined that the theme of World Environment Day this year is-melting glaciers, worrying consequences. Related to this, the first thing people will think of is the increasingly serious global warming phenomenon. From 1906 to 100 in 2005, the global average temperature rose by 0.74 degrees Celsius, and it is predicted that the global temperature will rise by 1. 1-6.4 degrees Celsius by the end of this century. If effective measures are not taken to curb the pace of global warming, the living environment of mankind will become more and more severe in the future. ?

Global warming and frequent global disasters?

In July 2005, Mumbai, India, was hit by a once-in-a-century flood, which killed more than 1000 people and affected more than 20 million people. On the edge of sub-Saharan Africa, Lake Chad, the largest lake in the world, has dried up due to lack of precipitation. ?

Academician of China Academy of Sciences? Academician of the Third World Academy of Sciences? Co-Chairman of IPCC Working Group I? Qin Dahe: "The change of the global climate system characterized by global warming leads to the uncontrolled and uneven distribution of droughts and rainstorms on a large scale and large spatial scale, which is closely related to global warming." ?

For human beings, global warming is no longer a distant topic, and the great changes in global climate have really changed our lives. Global temperature rise will lead to uneven precipitation, with frequent floods in some areas and persistent drought in others. ?

Qin Dahe: "As you can see, the path of the whole storm is biased towards the poles of the northern and southern hemispheres. This situation will cause drought in tropical and subtropical regions. When the wind field is south to north, the precipitation in high latitudes will also increase. " ?

In recent years, natural disasters in many countries have multiplied, which is due to global warming. Among them, due to the melting of permafrost, the situation in northern Russia has become extremely severe. ?

Frequent natural disasters have caused people headaches, but what is even more terrible is the ravages of hurricanes. Global warming warms the ocean, which greatly increases the chances of triggering more powerful storms. ?

Qin Dahe: "So the recently completed Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, these experts also concluded that when the global climate system is warming, the intensity and frequency of such strong storms will increase." ?

In the summer of 2005, Hurricane Dennis hit the United States, and then Hurricane Katrina hit Florida, causing many deaths and billions of dollars in economic losses. ?

Qin Dahe: "Generally speaking, it is the increase of energy. With the increase of ocean energy, its heat exchange greatly increases the intensity of cyclones, so the intensity of typhoons increases, so the destructive power increases. Then it is closely related to the increase and release of global warming energy. " ?

With the change of climate, in some countries and regions, the relatively stable ecosystem has also been seriously damaged. In Russia, because winter is getting warmer and warmer, even polar bears have changed the way they spend the winter. In June 5438+February, 2006, a polar bear in Moscow Zoo stopped hibernating. ?

Qin Dahe: "Global warming will lead to a huge loss of biodiversity in the ecosystem." ?

Coral once spread all over the world, but due to global warming and other factors, corals in many places died like this, and all fish that depend on corals were also threatened. In fact, the same situation is quite common all over the world. ?

The change brought by global warming is not only that the weather is getting hotter and hotter, but also that it will create a series of unimaginable disasters. A few years ago, an American Hollywood blockbuster The Day After Tomorrow was all the rage. This film tells people with intuitive pictures what consequences global warming will leave for mankind. What efforts are Americans making now to prevent the scenes in movies from becoming a reality? ?

CCTV reporter standing in new york reporter? Yang Fuqing: "As the largest economy and one of the most developed countries in the world, the United States also ranks first in the world in emissions of harmful gases such as carbon dioxide. In recent years, frequent natural disasters such as hurricanes, tornadoes, droughts and floods have also made more and more Americans personally realize the consequences of global warming. Therefore, they are calling for the US government to take more active actions in reducing consumption and emissions. As the temperature rises and the polar ice caps melt, the scientific community has more and more understanding of the consequences of global warming. " ?

Yang Fuqing: "I think Americans now think that they (the US government) are escaping. Do you think the government should promote policies to curb warming in more cities? " ?

New york citizens: "Of course, of course, this is a matter of national security." ?

New york citizen: "I think it is a good idea to reduce emissions, improve emission control standards, and even increase the cost of specific vehicles entering the city at a specific time." ?

Will the melting of the earth's glaciers endanger the survival of the world's 654.38 billion people?

When the global temperature rises gradually, it is not human beings who are the first to face the survival crisis, but glaciers and high-altitude mountains all over the earth. Global warming melts glaciers, weakens the reflection of solar radiation, and makes oceans and land absorb more heat, thus further aggravating the temperature rise. Such a vicious circle has aggravated the environmental crisis facing mankind. ?

2007-2008 coincides with the fourth International Polar Year. The theme of World Environment Day this year is to emphasize the impact of climate change on the polar ecosystem and the various consequences caused by it. In fact, in the Arctic and Antarctic, many once spectacular glaciers are in danger. ?

Glaciers are melting faster and faster. Unfortunately, glaciers all over the world have the same experience except the North and South Poles. Glaciers everywhere: 10 year, Kilimanjaro no longer has ice and snow; 15 years, glaciers in Glacier National Park will become history; Columbia glaciers are also shrinking year by year. ?

Qin Dahe: "The latest data shows that the entire cryosphere is deteriorating due to global warming." ?

Cracking of the Arctic ice shelf and collapse of buildings on permafrost indicate that the earth has sounded the alarm. ?

Qin Dahe: "The ice in the Arctic is thinner in summer than before. There is data showing that it is thinner than in the 50 s?

I lost 40 cm and 40%. There is also a model that there will be no ice in the Arctic Ocean in the summer of 2080, and it is still possible now. "?

In the Arctic, it is common for trees to stagger, not because of the wind, but because trees are rooted in permafrost and permafrost melts, so they become stagger. Houses built on permafrost collapsed because of the melting of permafrost. ?

Qin Dahe: "These are all manifestations of climate system warming and permafrost degradation. Because the climate system is warming, it will lose some of the underground ice contained in this permafrost, so the ground will sink. " ?

On June 5438+February 18, 2005, British media reported that in a short period of 1 month, marine ecologists found four polar bear corpses on the northern coast of Alaska, USA. After detailed textual research and research, they were shocked to find that polar bears probably drowned on the way because they traveled long distances to find food. . ?

Qin Dahe: "With the warming of the Antarctic and Arctic in high latitudes, the cryosphere will shrink on a large scale." ?

There is no doubt that the survival of all kinds of creatures will be in crisis. This is also a typical example of global warming and biodiversity destruction. "?

What is even more worrying is that if glaciers are not stopped from melting immediately, human survival will also face great threats. ?

According to some scientists' calculations, if Greenland splits and melts, the Netherlands, the lowest country in the world, will be almost completely submerged, and the homes of tens of millions of people around Beijing will also be submerged. To make matters worse, there are 40 million people around Shanghai and 60 million people in that area from India to Bangladesh. ?

Qin Dahe: "(If) the Antarctic ice sheet disappears, the sea level will rise by 60 to 70 meters, which is the least number. Some scientists think it will rise by 80 to 90 meters. At this time, the coastal cities in the world will be devastated. " ?

Scientists' predictions are not sensational. The Global Outlook on Snow and Ice released by the United Nations Environment Programme yesterday also pointed out that if the current climate warming pattern continues, the coverage of glaciers on the earth will drop by more than 40% by the end of this century, and the resulting problems such as floods, sea level rise and lack of fresh water will affect the survival of more than 654.38 billion people around the world. Mankind is now standing in front of an unprecedented test, and it is time to make a choice. ?

CCTV reporter standing in Moscow reporter? Wang Xi: "In 2005, Russians experienced the longest and coldest winter in 50 years, and the continuous warm winter in 2006 completely disrupted the hibernation habit of Russian brown bears. At the end of May this year, parts of Russia reappeared. The rare high temperature weather in a century and the frequent climate anomalies in Russia in recent years have made Russian scientists pay special attention to global warming. In addition, Russian experts predict that with global warming, Russia's permafrost will gradually begin to thaw, and nearly half of Russia's territory is located in the permafrost, and its urban buildings, various facilities, especially oil and gas exploration facilities and transportation pipelines will face great threats. " ?

Climate warming leads to epidemics?

Humans have now realized the challenges brought by global warming and melting glaciers to the environment. In fact, climate change has begun to affect people's lives in many ways, even threatening our health and life. ?

The Institute of New Diseases and Recurrent Diseases of Harvard University reported: "As the climate warms, some tropical diseases will spread to colder regions. The higher altitude environment is also increasingly conducive to the survival of microorganisms such as mosquitoes and plasmodium they carry. " ?

After 1985, infectious malaria appeared in high altitude areas of Rwanda, Zambia and Ethiopia. 1988 An epidemic in the highlands of Madagascar killed more than 654.38+10,000 people. Many experts believe that the prevalence of these diseases is related to global warming. ?

Deputy Director, Institute of Infectious Diseases, China Center for Disease Control and Prevention? Zhang Jianzhong: "Is it actually a high latitude area?

A new disease suddenly appeared, which is a new disease for the local area. So these places are rising because of its temperature?

Where there is no relevant media, such as some mosquitoes, it will lead to a sudden outbreak of disease. "?

In many cities in the world, such as Nairobi, Kenya and Harare, Zimbabwe, there used to be no mosquitoes, but now with the warming weather, mosquitoes can survive well in high latitudes, and more and more cities have mosquitoes. Not only mosquitoes, but also many other disturbing sources of infectious diseases have expanded their range of activities. ?

Zhang Jianzhong: "Every time the average temperature rises by 1 degree, which is equivalent to our temperature, we have to push it to the high latitude by about?

It is about 400 kilometers, that is to say, people have always designated the endemic area of schistosomiasis as the Yangtze River and the area south of the Yangtze River. But now the trend of its northward movement is very obvious. "?

In the past quarter century, there have been 30 new viruses, many of which, such as SARS, have brought great trouble to human beings, and there are many drug-resistant tuberculosis viruses. ?

Not only that, there are some viruses that have been controlled, but also some viruses that have reappeared, which are very difficult, such as bird flu and West Nile virus. ?

Zhang Jianzhong: "There may be two main factors for the change of degree. The first is that even in the original epidemic area?

Because the rising temperature may lead to a longer epidemic period of some infectious diseases, the second is that once some places that were not epidemic areas became epidemic areas because of the rising temperature, once new diseases were introduced, the severity and mortality of them were relatively high for a population without any immune resistance. "?

The diseases that were once surrendered by human beings are now making a comeback, which is an alarm sent by nature to human beings. Although global warming is an extremely complicated phenomenon, the uncontrolled emission of greenhouse gases has been an important reason that cannot be ignored since the industrial era. Fundamentally speaking, only by actively adjusting the production mode and consumption structure and reducing greenhouse gas emissions can the rising trend of temperature be slowed down. Now, European countries have also adopted many new methods. ?

Chief reporter of CCTV reporter station in London? Yang Zhen: "Global warming has become an indisputable fact. In Britain, the earliest industrialized country, numerous industrial pollution caused great pressure on the environment and air, so that its capital was once famous as a foggy city. Although many industries have moved overseas in recent years, modern lifestyles are producing a lot of carbon dioxide every day, which has once again put new pressure on the environment and air. In the mountains of northern Wales, the permanent snow line was once at an altitude of 865,438+00 meters. However, due to the warming of the climate, this record has long been a thing of the past. The National Fund for Nature of the United Kingdom predicts that due to more and more snow-free winters, by 2080, the amount of snow on the mountains may be reduced by 80%. " ?

As a responsible country, China has introduced a series of environmental protection measures?

Climate knows no borders. As a responsible developing country, China has promulgated a series of policies and measures to deal with climate change, and established a national coordinating body for climate change countermeasures. However, there are some international voices that China's economic development also poses a "threat" to the global environment. On the occasion of 6.5 Environment Day, Ma Kai, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, refuted this. ?

Ma Kai, director of the National Development and Reform Commission, said: "What puzzles me is that no one says that countries with large historical emissions, high per capita emissions and high emission elasticity coefficient are the main threats to climate change. Instead, China, with low historical emissions, low per capita emissions and low emission elasticity coefficient, poses a major threat. This is obviously not objective and unfair. " ?

Director Ma Kai listed three sets of data: China's historical cumulative emissions are low: from 1950 to 2002, China's carbon dioxide emissions from fossil fuel combustion for more than 50 years only accounted for 9.33% of the world's cumulative emissions; ?

China's per capita emission level is low: according to the latest statistics of the International Energy Agency, in 2004, China's per capita carbon dioxide emission was 3.65 tons, which was only 87% of the world average, 33% of OECD countries, and ranked 92nd in the world average; ?

The elasticity coefficient of carbon dioxide emissions per unit GDP in China is small. From 1990 to 15 in 2004, for every increase of 1% in unit GDP, the world average carbon dioxide emissions will increase by 0.6%, while China will only increase by 0.38%. ?

Ma Kai believes that China is not an "environmental threat". On the contrary, as a responsible big country, it has made due contributions to the protection of the global climate and is an important positive force. ?

Ma Kai: "From 1990 to 2005, China's energy consumption per 10,000 yuan of GDP decreased by 47%, which is equivalent to reducing carbon dioxide emissions1800 million tons." ?

Faced with many challenges, under the agreement of the United Nations Framework Treaty on Climate Change, on June 4th, the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC) formulated and promulgated China's National Plan to Address Climate Change, which defined the specific objectives, basic principles, key areas and policy measures for China to address climate change by 20 10. Director Ma Kai expounded the significance and content of the promulgation of the National Program. ?

Ma Kai: "One is less emissions; The second is to suck more; The third is reuse. " ?

To reduce emissions, we must save energy; To absorb more, we must plant trees; Reuse means turning waste into treasure and developing circular economy. Therefore, energy conservation and emission reduction is an important measure to control greenhouse gas emissions in China. The 11th Five-Year Plan puts forward the binding targets of reducing energy consumption per unit GDP by about 20% and reducing the total discharge of major pollutants by 10% during the 11th Five-Year Plan period. In 2006, the whole country failed to achieve the energy saving and emission reduction targets set at the beginning of the year. ?

Ma Kai: "It is not easy to embark on a new road of industrialization with low input, low consumption, recycling and sustainable technology. We can no longer follow the traditional road of industrialization with high consumption and high emissions, but strive to embark on a new road of industrialization with low consumption, low emissions, high efficiency and high output, and strive to achieve the goal of "win-win" for economic development and environmental protection, which in itself is a positive contribution to world sustainable development and climate change. " ?

Half-hour observation: does the earth belong to everyone?

Climate change will not only bring landscape changes such as melting ice and snow, rising sea level, but also challenge us from various fields of economy and society. As we all know, the climate knows no borders. If a global environmental disaster comes, everyone living on the earth will not be spared. ?

This crisis is testing us. How to deal with it? Not only the country should consider it, but also everyone should take action. In fact, it is not only factories that cause global warming, but also a lot of consumption and waste in our lives. They inadvertently create greenhouse gases, long-running tap water, electric lights that we forgot to turn off, and air conditioners that stay up all night. At the other end of the energy chain, they constantly emit carbon dioxide. ?

There is only one earth, and we have no choice, but we can choose a more reasonable lifestyle and consumption behavior.