What should I do if my body loses temperature and frostbite in cold weather?

When the winter weather is cold, there is a cold wave or the temperature drops suddenly, protective measures should be taken to prevent the body from losing temperature and frostbite. So what about the sudden drop in temperature? When the temperature drops suddenly, pay attention to adding clothes to keep warm, especially to keep hands and face warm; Close the doors and windows; Fasten the outdoor structure; When going out, be careful of slipping and falling. In addition, the elderly, pregnant women, infants and patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, respiratory diseases and other chronic patients should pay attention to keep warm, strengthen nutrition, exercise moderately and reduce going out. What is a cold wave? Cold wave refers to the cold air from high latitudes, which is rapidly strengthened in a specific weather situation and invades the middle and low latitudes, causing severe cooling, strong winds and rainy and snowy weather along the way. When this cold air reaches a certain standard, it is called a cold wave. Cold wave is a large-scale weather process, which may occur all over the country, causing natural disasters such as frost and freezing. People's Republic of China (PRC) national standard "Cold Air Grade" (GB/T 20484-2006) defines the cold wave as: after cold air passes through a certain area, the temperature drops by more than 8℃ within 24 hours, and the minimum temperature drops below 4℃; Or within 48 hours, the air temperature drops above 10℃, and the minimum temperature drops below 4℃; Or the temperature continuously drops to above 12℃ within 72 hours, and the lowest temperature is below 4℃.

What is hypothermia? Generally speaking, hypothermia means that the loss of heat in the human body is greater than the supply of heat, which leads to the decrease of the temperature in the core area of the human body, resulting in a series of symptoms such as chills, confusion, cardiopulmonary failure and even death. The so-called human core area here mainly refers to the brain, heart, lungs and other major organs that sustain life.

Under what circumstances is it easy to lose body temperature:

Exposed to cold environment for a long time, the human body will use the energy stored in the body when regulating body temperature, but the heat loss is greater than the heat supply, resulting in hypothermia or abnormal body temperature. Hypothermia will affect the brain's thinking, resulting in failure to take timely protective measures. Because people may not realize that temperature loss is happening and fail to take relevant protective measures in time, temperature loss is even more dangerous. Temperature loss usually occurs in extremely cold weather, but it may also occur in cool weather of 4 ~ 5℃ if it is caught in the rain or soaked in cold water in a humid environment.

What is frostbite? Frostbite is a local or systemic injury caused by cold and humidity. Mild cases can cause transient skin damage and should be treated in time; In severe cases, it will cause permanent sexual dysfunction and require professional treatment. In severe cases, it can be life-threatening and needs emergency rescue.

Preventive measures for sudden drop of temperature

1. Who needs special attention when the weather is cold or the temperature drops suddenly?

The elderly, pregnant women, infants, patients with chronic cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases (hypertension, stroke, coronary heart disease, etc.). ), respiratory diseases and people who work or move outdoors for a long time are vulnerable to cold weather and need special attention.

2. Why does cold weather or sudden drop in temperature have a greater impact on the elderly?

Old people are more afraid of cold than young people. Due to the gradual decline of physical strength and activity ability, the elderly are prone to chills and temperature loss in low-temperature environment or after exposure to cold, with reduced metabolic function, relatively reduced heat production and poor thermoregulation function. Therefore, in the cold season, we should pay special attention to the occurrence of hypothermia in the elderly.

3. What are the sensitive symptoms of cold weather or sudden drop in temperature?

(1) Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases: Low temperature stimulation will cause vasoconstriction, blood pressure increase, heart rate increase, myocardial ischemia and blood viscosity increase, which will promote thrombosis, so the sudden change of environmental temperature will aggravate the condition of patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, leading to a sharp increase in blood pressure in hypertensive patients and a stroke; It can also induce coronary artery spasm and lead to myocardial infarction.

(2) Respiratory diseases: Cold air can dry the local mucosa of nasopharynx, resulting in tiny rupture, and viruses and bacteria can easily take advantage of it, leading to high incidence of respiratory diseases. The sudden drop in temperature will induce the aggravation of asthma and other diseases.

(3) Other diseases: people who work and live in cold areas for a long time or work and move outdoors for a long time during the sudden drop of temperature are prone to frostbite, which aggravates low back pain and rheumatic diseases; It will also have adverse effects on pregnant women and fetuses.

4. Who are the vulnerable groups with hypothermia?

(1) Old people who don't have enough food, clothes or heating equipment.

(2) The baby sleeps indoors in a low temperature environment.

(3) people who stay outdoors for a long time-tramps, hikers, etc.

(4) people who drink alcohol.

5. What are the symptoms when the body is hypothermia? How to protect?

Adults: chills and collapse; Confused, groping; Memory loss, unclear speech; Sleepiness.

Infant: The skin is bright red and cold.

If you find these signals, please take your temperature in time. If your temperature is below 35℃, see a doctor immediately. When you can't see a doctor immediately, please raise your body temperature by the following methods: let him enter a warm room or residence; Take off wet clothes in time; Take relevant measures to warm the core parts of the body-chest, neck, head and groin; Drinking hot drinks helps to raise the body temperature, but you should not drink alcoholic beverages or give them to people who are in a coma. You need to see a doctor as soon as possible after the situation is relieved.

Protective measures for cold weather 1. How do residents in different areas cope with cold weather and sudden drop in temperature?

Residents in southern China are prone to frostbite and even freeze to death due to lack of warm-keeping measures. They should pay attention to the weather forecast, buy clothes and warm-keeping products in time, and relevant institutions should also publicize health protection knowledge.

Although residents in the northern region have relevant warm-keeping facilities, the temperature drops suddenly when the cold wave comes, so we should further strengthen the warm-keeping protection to prevent carbon monoxide poisoning.

Residents in extremely cold areas should pay attention to the weather forecast, keep warm indoors and by themselves, prevent carbon monoxide poisoning, reserve enough warm items and food in advance, and try not to go out.

2. Vulnerable people have poor perception of cold weather risks. How to deal with it?

Cold weather (cold wave) will have a certain impact on human health, especially for the elderly, pregnant women, infants and vulnerable people such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases. However, these vulnerable groups have a low awareness of the cold wave risk and a weak sense of self-protection. Before or during the cold wave, it is necessary to strengthen the popular science propaganda on the cold wave risk of vulnerable people and improve their self-protection awareness. For example, pay attention to the early warning before the cold wave comes, and pay attention to strengthening indoor and self-preservation according to the temperature change.

3. What should I do if I feel unwell in cold weather?

Residents feel unwell during the cold wave, especially the elderly, pregnant women, infants, children and other vulnerable groups, patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, patients with respiratory diseases and other chronic diseases, should go to the hospital in time. If you have any questions about public health and health, you can call the public health hotline 12320.

4. What protective measures are there in cold wave weather or sudden drop of temperature?

(1) When the temperature drops suddenly, pay attention to adding clothes to keep warm, especially the hands and face.

(2) Close the doors and windows and fix the outdoor structure.

(3) Be careful when you go out.

(4) The elderly, pregnant women, infants and patients with cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, patients with respiratory diseases and other chronic diseases should pay attention to keep warm, strengthen nutrition, exercise moderately and reduce going out.

(5) Pay attention to rest and don't be overtired.

(6) Families who use coal stoves for heating should beware of gas poisoning.

(7) In windy weather, pay attention to falling objects when going out.

(8) Pay attention to weather forecast and cold wave news or alarm issued by relevant departments.