1the beginning of the 2nd century (1080- 1 140) the historical background of Europe and Central Asia (mainly to understand the late Northern Song Dynasty to the early Southern Song Dynasty).

In the 4th year of Shaoxing in Song Dynasty (Wu Gong 1 134), Yue Fei wrote a book about Song Ting.

Request the Northern Expedition to recover lost territory. In May, YueGuJun from Ezhou (now hukou

North Wuhan) Crossing the river began the Northern Expedition. The first battle, conquer and conquer Yunzhou (now Hubei Bell)

Ji), and then divided into two ways, Yue Fei ordered Zhang Xi 'an to attack Suizhou.

I led the main force to Xiangyang (now Xiangfan, Hubei). July

The rulers sent reinforcements to defeat Li Cheng and stop Yue Jiajun from going north.

Tens of thousands of soldiers are arranged in more than 30 camps in the northwest of Dengzhou, and there are many enterprises.

Trying to stop Song Jun's northward advance. Yue Jiajun fought bravely and attacked at one stroke.

The defeated gold joined forces with the puppet troops, and the well took advantage of the victory to capture Dengzhou. Yue Fei is split again.

Soldiers successively recovered Tang Zhou (now Tanghe, Henan) and Xinyang. August, Yue

Fei is our time promoted to Jingyuan army.

In the later Anti-Gold War, Yue Fei won a greater victory in the factory.

, but with the prime minister qin in order to completely realize the control of compensation.

The army and the purpose of suppressing hawks began to frame Yue Fei. Songshao

In the 11th year of Xing (A.D. 1 14 1), the emperor and Qin made compensation by "joining the army".

The trumped-up charges such as "the period of conquest" and "suing for riding in" must be Yue.

Fly poison to Fengbo Pavilion. Yue Fei died at the age of 39.

Yue Fei (A.D.1103 ~1142) was both civil and military and brilliant.

Brave anti-gold star, betrayed by the government at the age of 39.

Those who killed him loved his spirit of "loyalty to the country" as much.

Live in the hearts of China people forever. Yue Fei's Ci Ju Peng Xiangzhou

Tang Yin is from Henan. Xuanhe four years (A.D. 1 122) should be

Recruiting, because of its bravery, quickly rose to the control of the left-behind company.

In the third year of Jian Yan (A.D. 1 129), nomadic people went south and Yue Fei went north.

When the enemy division surrendered, the soldiers would be routed, but Yue Fei persisted in defending the enemy and suffered repeated defeats and wars.

The army. Emperor Gaozong inscribed a four-character flag of "Loyal Yuejun" for him to show his praise.

In the early years of Jin Dynasty, East Asia was dominated mainly by a capable Jurchen cavalry. After thousands of years of continuous improvement of harness, including the invention and improvement of stirrup, Jurchen cavalry is undoubtedly a perfect cavalry in the ancient world. They are good at bows and arrows, and they are used to wearing heavy armor. Their heavy pockets only show their eyes. Jurchen cavalry is particularly tenacious, can't be defeated, rally, and fight dozens to more than 100 rounds. In the ancient war, the round was not the fighting unit in the romance novel, but the battle between the two armies. Jin Jun is not only good at field operations, but also can hold fierce siege warfare, so it is different from Liao Army and Xixia Army and can go deep into the hinterland of the Central Plains. In the war to destroy Liao, they also learned to manufacture and use gunpowder weapons such as artillery. At that time, the Jurchen cavalry dealt with Song Jun, which was dominated by infantry, just as the tank army dealt with infantry and cavalry in World War II.

When 8 jin j first entered the Central Plains, Song Jun was undoubtedly in a state of collapse due to Song Huizong's autocratic and corrupt rule, or collapsed without fighting, and had no field capability at all, so it had to fight in the city. The defending battle of Taiyuan commanded by Wang Bing was the most tragic scene at that time. Song Jun's two failed rescues actually decided the fate of Kaifeng's fall and the demise of the Northern Song Dynasty. Jin Jun first entered the Central Plains. According to the records of the Song Dynasty, it can be called "plundering without fighting".

At the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty, Zong Ze, who stayed behind in Tokyo, actually presided over the frontier military, and the situation changed greatly. In the first year of Jian 'an (A.D. 1 127), the winter solstice and the following spring, after the defeat of Liao and Song Dynasties, the Jin army was in full swing, and under the command of the most capable people, it launched the most violent attack on Kaifeng, but it was defeated. This is in stark contrast to the fall of Kaifeng at the end of the Northern Song Dynasty. Zong Ze's death had to reverse the war against gold in the Southern Song Dynasty. Under the fatuous politics of Song Gaozong, Huang Qian Shan and Wang Boyan, the Southern Song Dynasty finally went to the tragic situation of shrinking thousands of miles and retreating from the Yellow River into the great river.

During the three years (A.D. 1 129) and four years (A.D. 1 130) when Jin Jun crossed the river, it was not only the peak of his military victory, but also the extremes meet. The battle of Huang Tiandang, commanded by Han Shizhong, caused the 8 Jin Army to be defeated. Yue Fei urged the soldiers to recover Jiankang and expel all the 8 Jin Army from the south of the Yangtze River. In the first year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 13 1), Zhang Rong led the anti-Jin army to win the first battle in Shaotou Lake, and then forced the Jin army to retreat to the north of Huai River. Jin Jun devoted all his efforts to attack Sichuan. Since Shaoxing destroyed Liao and Song in the fourth year (A.D. 1 134), Wu Jun suffered two fiasco. Yue Fei's army recaptured six counties in Hanxiang, and went north again two years later. Jin Jun failed to invade Huainan in Shaoxing in the winter of four years, which marked the further decline of the military power of the Jin Dynasty.

At that time, the Jurchen cavalry had the most advantage in autumn and winter, and galloped in the plain area, but it was not tolerant of hot and rainy weather and needed to retreat to the north for summer. Both the Shang Yuan and Xianrenguan wars are mountain wars, and the Jin Army can still be said to have a "losing ground" factor. However, in the tenth year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 140), the battle of Shunchang of Liu Kun's army set a new record of crushing the Jin Army in the plain area. If the battle of Shunchang still took advantage of the weather when the Nuzhen was too hot to stand, in the early days, Yue Jiajun made a massive northern expedition, and it was in July after the leap in June, that is, under the weather and geographical conditions that were most conducive to the Jurchen cavalry to exert their power, they defeated the main force of 8 Jin Army in Yancheng and Yingchang, and pushed it into Zhuxian Town to break the enemy again, forcing them to death.

At first, the generals in the Southern Song Dynasty only talked about the fear of the tiger, and gradually explored a set of effective tactics. Yue Fei was naturally the most outstanding commander in chief and a great patriotic hero in the Southern Song Dynasty. Can Yue Fei's military thought be summarized as the following four aspects? The first is to attach importance to the people's resistance to Jin, formulate the strategic policy of "connecting the river with the moon", and advocate that guerrillas and regular troops north of the Yellow River cooperate with each other to attack Jin Jun in order to recover lost ground. The second is to run the army on the premise of self-discipline, fully implement the principles of "benevolence, faithfulness, wisdom, courage and strictness" advocated by Sun Tzu's Art of War, and build a Yue Jiajun with strict military discipline and bravery. Yue Jiajun claimed that "freezing to death without demolishing houses and starving to death without plundering" became a rare special case in the ancient bandit society. Thirdly, Yue Fei criticized Song Ting for "only making himself defensive and waiting for the enemy, not daring to attack from a distance and winning", opposing passive defense and advocating active attack. He was the only general who organized a large-scale offensive campaign at that time. The fourth is "benevolence", which cherishes human life and does not kill lightly, and carries forward the ancient military concept of "benevolence-oriented". Yue Fei's military thought is undoubtedly a Chinese cultural heritage worth cherishing by future generations. Other generals can only ride by foot, but Yue Fei attaches great importance to cavalry construction. In addition to riding, he also built a powerful cavalry, enough to deal with the cavalry that the ruler is proud of.

However, Song Gaozong, the founding emperor of the Southern Song Dynasty, decided to bully and make peace with gold from the beginning of his reign. He trusted Huang Qianshan, Wang Boyan and Qin Gui who worked for him, and repelled and killed Li Gang, Zong Ze and Yue Fei who opposed gold. Of course, he is not a master of fatuity. He doesn't have great courage and insight in dealing with military affairs, but he has a lot of cleverness and tricks. The founding emperor of the Song Dynasty had the origin of yellow robe mutiny, so he was particularly suspicious of military commanders. Since the seventh year of Shaoxing (A.D. 1 137), he has become increasingly suspicious of generals, especially Yue Fei, but under the military pressure of the rulers, he dared not use Yue Fei to protect his throne and half the country. When he grasps the "peaceful society" well, he doesn't have to worry about the "old and weak" rulers coming back; Not only did he no longer need anti-Jin generals to protect his throne and half the country, but he forced Yue Fei to dispatch troops, relieve the anti-Jin generals of their military power and kill Yue Fei, which could only be more conducive to his partial security policy. Therefore, Mitchell of the Yuan Dynasty said in the History of the Song Dynasty (volume 365) Biography of Yue Fei: "Forbearance abandons the original, so forbearance kills the fee." It can be said that it hit the nail on the head. Han Xin in the Han Dynasty said: "A sly rabbit dies, but a good dog cooks;" High birds are exhausted, good bows are hidden; If the enemy country is broken, the adviser will die. " As Mr. Qi Xia pointed out: "In the Song Dynasty, it was often the cunning rabbits that cooked first before they died. "Quoting Han Xin's theory is already the cruel rule of the relationship between the monarch and the subjects in ancient times, not to mention the tragic fate of the famous star. For Song Gaozong, it is unique in this Tianshui dynasty to kneel down and avenge his father's death, steal half the remaining water and kill a generation of sages. It is Song Gaozong and Qin Gui's policy of seeking security and betraying the country that caused the tragedy of the long-term division between North and South.

Faced with the tragic situation of broken mountains and rivers, people with lofty ideals will inevitably put their patriotic feelings and grief into pen and ink, and Lu You and Xin Qiji are the most glorious flags in two patriotic poems. Lu You's poems, "Zong Ze was well arranged by officials and officials, and no one used Yue Fei", "The thief had listened to his father's orders, and the adherents still hoped for Yue Jiajun", expressed the memory of two patriotic heroes and summarized the tragedy of this era. References:

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