Characteristics of natural environment of Tarim River

Tarim river basin is located in the hinterland of Eurasia, far away from the ocean and surrounded by mountains, belonging to continental warm temperate zone and extremely arid desert climate. It is characterized by scarce precipitation, strong evaporation, large temperature difference, windy and dusty weather, long sunshine time and abundant light and heat resources.

The soil in Tarim River basin is relatively simple, except aeolian sand, which is mainly hydrous soil. The soil in the basin is mainly Populus euphratica forest soil, meadow soil, swamp soil, saline soil, residual swamp soil, residual saline soil, cracked soil,

Aeolian soil and oasis soil, with a total area of 72.7866 million mu. The distribution of soil in the basin is influenced by topography and hydrogeological conditions, and the vertical river course has obvious regularity. Generally speaking, salinized meadow soil or salt is distributed on the floodplain.

In the chemical meadow, the soil of Populus euphratica forest, the saline soil of Populus euphratica forest or shrub saline soil are distributed on the natural embankment or the old flood plain, the swamp soil is distributed on the depression or terrace beside the oxbow lake, and the typical saline soil or meadow saline soil is distributed on the terrace or river depression.

Desertification saline soil, desertification meadow soil or aeolian sandy soil are distributed in the ancient alluvial plain between rivers.

The vegetation in Tarim River basin is composed of mountain vegetation and plain vegetation. Mountain vegetation has strong characteristics of drought and desertification, and super-xerophytic shrubs and cold shrubs in middle and low mountain areas are the most representative drought vegetation. Its main manifestations are poor vegetation types, simple structure and sparse growth. Populus euphratica, Populus euphratica, Elaeagnus angustifolia, Nitraria tangutorum, Salix, Haloxylon ammodendron, Nitraria tangutorum, Lycium barbarum, camel thorn, Apocynum venetum, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, reed, cattail and poinsettia are widely distributed in the whole basin.