Send the original and translation to Dongyang Ma.

I liked studying when I was young. Because my family is poor, I can't get books to read. I often borrow money from the library, copy it myself, and send it back on the appointed day. When the weather is cold, the water in the salt pond freezes into ice and I can't stretch my fingers. I still don't relax reading. After copying, please go back to China, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly. So most people will lend me books so that I can read all kinds of books. When he grew up, he admired the teachings of saints and suffered from being unable to associate with knowledgeable teachers and celebrities. He quickly walked out of the hundred miles and brought the scriptures to his fellow villagers.

Senior honorary person, Yemeni students crowded his room, and his words and attitude were never slightly euphemistic. Around Lishi, he assisted the suspect and leaned over to ask questions; Or the more respectful and polite you are when you meet, you dare not say a word; Please ask again as soon as it is happy. So I was stupid and finally learned a lot.

When I was looking for my master, I was walking in the mountains of Otani with my book box on my back and Tara shoes on. In winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked. After entering the room, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant gave me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. Stay in a hotel and eat two meals a day, without fresh fat and delicious enjoyment. All the students are all embroidered, wearing hats decorated with Zhu Yingbao, a circle of white jade around their waist, a sword on the left and a smelly face on the right.

I am wearing a robe, but I am not sentimental at all. Because there are enough things in your heart to make you happy, don't feel that the enjoyment of food is not as good as others. My efforts and efforts are probably like this.

Although I am old and have no achievements, I am fortunate to be among the gentlemen. However, I have been blessed by the son of heaven. After I became a public official, I worked as a consultant every day, and the whole world misreported my last name. What else?

Now all the students are studying in imperial academy, and the county officials have a little support every day. Their parents have Qiu Ge's legacy at the age of 20, and there is no danger of being frozen and embarrassed. Sit downstairs and recite "poems" and "books" without running around; Some are teachers, some are teachers, some don't ask, don't tell, and some ask but don't; All the books should be kept here. There is no need to record them through other people's hands and read them later.

If they are not proficient in their studies and their moral character is not cultivated, if they have no talent and qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault? Dongyang Ma, who studied in imperial academy for two years, was praised by his peers for his virtue. I went to the capital to appear before the emperor, who met me as a fellow villager and wrote a long letter as a gift. The words were fluent and accessible, and I argued with him with a gentle and polite attitude.

He said that when he was young, he studied very hard and was a good learner. He was going home to visit his parents, and I told him about the difficulties in his studies. It is said that Yu Mian's fellow villagers are all scholars, and so is Yu. Those who despise me, brag about my wealth and prosperity, and be arrogant to my hometown know the rest!

Second, translation.

I liked studying when I was young. Because my family is poor and I can't get books to read, I often borrow them from people who collect books, copy them myself and return them on an agreed date. When the weather is very cold, the water in the inkstone pool is frozen into hard ice, and my fingers can't bend and stretch. I still copy books without relaxation. Return it to others as soon as possible after copying, and dare not exceed the agreed time limit slightly.

So most people are willing to lend me books, so I can read all kinds of books. As an adult, I admire the theory of sages more, but I can't communicate with knowledgeable teachers and celebrities. Once I walked a hundred miles at a brisk pace and asked my compatriots for advice with a scripture in my hand. His predecessors were highly respected, and his master students crowded his room. His words and attitude are never euphemistic.

I stood beside him, asking questions, asking truth, and bowed my head to him for advice; Sometimes I am reprimanded, my expression is more respectful, my manners are more thoughtful, and I dare not answer a word; Ask him when he is happy. So although I was stupid, I finally learned a lot.

When I was looking for a teacher, I walked in the deep mountain valley with my book box on my back and my heels on. In the severe winter, the wind was cold and the snow was several feet deep, and my feet and skin were frozen and cracked. When I arrived at the school house, my limbs were stiff and I couldn't move. The servant poured me hot water and covered me with a quilt. It took a long time to warm up. Staying in a hotel, eating two meals a day, no fresh, fat and delicious enjoyment.

The students' scholars are all well-dressed, wearing red scarves and jewels, with white jade rings around their waist, knives on the left and sachets on the right, which are as bright as gods; I'm wearing an old cotton gown and a rag, and I'm not jealous.

Because there are enough things in my heart to make me happy, I don't feel that the enjoyment of food and clothing is inferior to others. My efforts and hardships are probably like this. Now, although I am old and have achieved nothing, fortunately, I can still be among the gentlemen, bearing the favor and glory of the son of heaven and following the minister.

I accompany the emperor every day, waiting for inquiries, and exaggerating his name in the world, let alone someone who can surpass me? Now students are studying in imperial academy, and the court provides meals every day. Parents give them leather clothes in winter and kudzu clothes in summer, so don't worry about freezing and hunger.

Sitting downstairs reading classics, there is no hard work; There are teachers like doctors, who ask for advice without asking themselves and get nothing; All the books you should have are concentrated here. You don't have to copy them by hand like me. You can borrow them from others before you can see them.

If some of them are not proficient in their studies and their moral quality has not developed, if they are not talented and have low qualifications, they will not be as single-minded as I am. Can you say it's someone else's fault? Dongyang Ma studied in imperial academy for two years, and his peers praised his virtue.

When I went to the capital to see the emperor, Ma Sheng greeted me as a younger compatriot and wrote a long letter as a gift. He is fluent and approachable, arguing with him with gentle words and humble attitude. He himself said that he worked hard when he was a teenager, and he can be called a good learner! He was going home to meet his parents, so I specifically told him about my study difficulties.

If I encourage fellow villagers to study hard, that is my ambition; If you slander me, brag about my experience and be proud in front of my hometown, do you know me?

Third, the source

Song Lian's Complete Works of Song and Shi Xue in Ming Dynasty

Extended information 1. Creation background

In the 11th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1378), Song Lian retired from his hometown Pujiang (Pujiang County, Zhejiang Province) to Yingtian (now Nanjing City, Jiangsu Province) in the second year. A junior fellow-townsman, Ma Jun, came to visit. Song Lian wrote this preface to introduce his learning experience and attitude, so as to encourage others to be diligent and eager to learn.

Second, appreciate

The full text is divided into three parts. In the first paragraph, I wrote about my study as a teenager, aiming at highlighting his studious spirit of "diligence can make up for the shortcomings". Inside, there are four levels. The first layer is difficult to learn from borrowing books. Because the family is poor and there are no books, we have to borrow books to copy books. Although it was cold, the inkstone froze and their fingers froze, they didn't dare to slack off.

The second layer is the difficulty of seeking a teacher and the necessity of learning with an open mind. Seek a teacher from a hundred miles, and be careful. Although I was scolded, I finally got something. On the third level, from the perspective of the hardships of living conditions, I am content with poverty and don't admire wealth. Because I have learned something, I only feel happy and don't feel bitter. I emphasize that as long as I am full of energy, the hardships of living conditions can be ignored.

The fourth layer is the summary of this paragraph. Because I was not afraid of all kinds of difficulties, I studied hard and finally achieved something. Although the author modestly says that he has "no achievements", the fact that a generation of great scholars is self-evident is known to all. Finally, the rhetorical question of "the situation is too surplus" is a link between the past and the future, and its content is very rich.

Three. Brief introduction of the author

Song Lian (1310165438+1October 4th-13865438+June 20th), whose real name is Shou, whose real name is Jinglian, whose real name is Qianxi, whose real name is Longmenzi. Originally from Jinhua, he moved to the west (now Yiwu, Zhejiang) and later moved to Pujiang, Jinhua (now Pujiang, Zhejiang).

Famous politicians, writers, historians and thinkers in the late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty were called "the great poets in the third day of Ming Dynasty" with Gao Qi and Liu Ji, and "the four gentlemen in eastern Zhejiang" with Zhang Yi, Liu Ji and Ye Chen. Zhu Yuanzhang, the founder of the Ming Dynasty, praised him as "the head of the founding civil servants", and scholars called him Taishigong and Song Longmen. ?

Song Lian learned a lot from studying Buddhism and Taoism, especially Buddhist classics. In the view of Heaven and Nature, he borrowed the theory of "Qi mother" used by doctors and early Taoists, that is, "Qi is the mother of life", and thought that the rise and fall of the universe, the joy of the four seasons and the prosperity of the world were all due to the operation of "Qi mother" or "vitality".

This kind of "qi mother" or "vitality", "it has no roots and people have no doors", and the list is endless. Although people can't perceive it, it does exist. Song Lian believes that reason, the heart of heaven and earth, is absolute, and it leads to all things and movements through vitality. Nature is full of vitality because the endless "heart of heaven and earth" runs through vitality.

In his view, seeking the Tao, learning the Tao and cultivating one's morality lies in knowing and obtaining this "heart of heaven and earth" so that "my heart" can be "flushed", "deep", "enlightened", "condensed" and "full" If we can do this, people can be in harmony with heaven and earth, with the sun and the moon, and with the four seasons, thus realizing the "gentleman's way."

People can recognize the "heart of heaven and earth" because it has Tai Chi, which is all-encompassing, so it can respond to the "Tai Chi" of heaven and earth, and the so-called recognition of "heart of heaven and earth" is just an expression of the original "heart of heaven and earth"

The essence of the Six Classics is to record the principle of "My Heart", so the Six Classics and "Heart" are also absolute. "The heart is the classics, and the classics are the heart", which are inseparable. This attitude reflects Jinhua's tradition of attaching importance to Confucian classics and history.

Song Lian called "the heart of my body" "the treasure of the world", so people have their own saints in their hearts, and the key lies in how to "know each other" and "clear their hearts". The method of "intimate" and "pure heart" is to constantly eliminate "human falsehood" and achieve "intention". The way to get rid of "human falsehood" lies in learning, and the content of learning is to record the six meridians of the sage's heart.

At the same time, Song Lian also talked about the reference, but did not discuss its specific methods and steps. On the contrary, he is more keen on advocating Buddhism as the only way to break the border and taking Buddhism as the "door of human nature". Therefore, Song Lian's study has the characteristics of Zhu Xue and Xue Lu, and is influenced by Buddhism. His theory is a link in the evolution of Zhu Luhe's thoughts from Yuan Dynasty to Wang Xue's appearance in the middle of Ming Dynasty. ?

Both Liu Ji and Liu Ji are famous for their prose creation, and they are called "the Sect of One Generation". He insisted that Ming Dow's prose should seek truth from facts, draw lessons from classics, emphasize "expressing ambition", pay attention to "changing things" and demand "feeling things with things", so his prose is rich in content and has certain artistic skills. His prose is either concise or graceful and elegant, each with its own characteristics.

Since the founding of the Ming Dynasty, the system of emperors' rites and music was mostly formulated by Song Lian, and Liu Ji praised it as "the first product today". Ji Chuanru, such as Qin Shilu, Biography of Wang Mian and Biography of Li Yichuan, can grasp the details, highlight the personality, exaggerate less, but infect deeply; Scenery such as "Preface to Peach Blossom Creek Poetry" and "Huancui Pavilion" are simple and delicate, like Ouyang Xiu.

Because of its prominent position and the prosperity of the founding of the People's Republic of China in the early Ming Dynasty, Song Lian has a clean and elegant style of writing. There are many contents in his articles that praise feudal rule and promote feudal morality. Some articles, such as Reading the River and Lou Ji, are full of scenes, but they are tired of whitewashing words. Song Lian's article provided a model for the later "Tiger Style" writers' literary creation.

In addition, influenced by Buddhism and Taoism, some of Song Lian's works are also gloomy and sentimental. His literary fame spread far and wide overseas. During the Hongwu period (1368- 1398), envoys from Korea, Japan, Annan and other countries paid double the price for Song Lian's collected works.

Song Lian is a brilliant historian, who presided over the compilation of the 2 10 Yuan History. Wang Yi compared it with Sima Qian? [28], the quartet scholars called it Taishigong. His achievements in literature masked his achievements in history. It is said that he was good at remembering historical times when he was studying Three Biographies of the Spring and Autumn Annals in his youth. As an adult, I also like to create biographies and epitaphs.

Baidu Encyclopedia-Preface to Dongyang Ma Sheng

Baidu Encyclopedia-Song Lian