What are the basic industries?

Question 1: Which industries are the basic industries? It refers to the energy (including electric power) industry and the basic raw material (including important mineral resources, steel, petrochemical materials, etc.) industry.

It is the general term for the industrial sectors that provide basic means of production for the national economy. For example: metallurgy, coal, petroleum, electric power, chemistry, machinery and other industries are basic industries.

The so-called basic industries are the foundation that supports the operation of social economy, that is, industries such as energy, transportation, transportation, and raw materials. It determines and reflects the development direction and speed of national economic activities. It is the material guarantee for national rejuvenation and the rise of a great country, and is the "foundation of the country."

For example, basic industries such as petroleum, coal, steel, electricity, railways, subways, ports, and airports.

my country's basic industries have lagged behind the development of the national economy for a long time and have become a bottleneck for China's sustained and healthy economic development. The market-oriented reform of basic industries has attracted the attention of economists.

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Question 2: What is industrial base, and what is the difference between it and basic industries? Industrial base: the various resources needed to start an industry, such as industry workers, natural resources, know-how, etc.

Basic industries: industries closely related to our basic necessities of life, such as agriculture, manufacturing, construction, service industries, etc.

Question 3: What is industrial base, and what is the difference between it and basic industry? What are the industrial bases in geography and how to analyze them? Industrial base: the various resources needed to create an industry, such as industrial workers, natural resources, proprietary technology, etc.

Basic industries: industries closely related to our basic necessities of life, such as agriculture, manufacturing, construction, service industries, etc.

Question 4: What are basic industries? Basic industries refer to those industries that occupy a basic position in the development of a country's national economy, play a restrictive and decisive role in the development of other industries, and determine the development level of other industries. Industrial group, its products usually become indispensable inputs or consumables in the processing, reprocessing and production processes of subsequent industrial sectors, and are usually non-renewable. The more developed a country's basic industries are, the more likely it is to develop its national economy, the more efficiently the national economy will operate, the more convenient and higher the quality of life will be for its people. Therefore, if a country wants to maintain long-term, rapid, coordinated and effective development of its national economy, it must first develop its basic industries.

Basic industries refer to industries that provide conditions and opportunities for other sectors, or those industries that due to their insufficient supply capacity lead to the loss of opportunities for national economic growth. Basic industries are the basis for supporting the operation of social economy. They determine and reflect the development direction and speed of national economic activities. Basic industries such as energy, transportation, transportation, and raw materials account for 70% of China's total state-owned assets. It is the material guarantee for national rejuvenation and the rise of a great country, and is the "foundation of the country."

Question 5: What are China’s main industries? 10 points There are three main industries in my country: agriculture, industry, and service industry.

Agriculture

1. Planting

(1) Grain: rice, wheat.

(2) Oil crops: peanuts, rape, sesame, and soybeans.

(3) Vegetables: radish, cabbage, celery, wax gourd, pumpkin, potato, tomato, cucumber, cowpea, lentil, pepper, sweet potato, cauliflower, onion, toon, mushroom.

(4) Fruits: apple, pear, banana, watermelon, cantaloupe, durian, pomegranate, grape, orange, orange, pineapple, sugar cane, watermelon, cantaloupe, lychee, longan, grapefruit, persimmon, cherry, kiwi.

(5) Dried fruits: walnuts, pistachios, hazelnuts, cashews, torreyas, peanuts, pine nuts, chestnuts, lotus seeds, white melon seeds, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, walnuts, Kashbardan wood, almonds, figs.

(6) Flowers: roses, flamingos, peonies, rotating roses, poppies, tulips, lilies, rotating bells, paphiopedilum, morning glories, snowdrops, hydrangeas, carnations, Chamomile, winter jasmine, plum blossom, cactus flower, lotus, water lily, Cattleya, geranium, chrysanthemum, longevity chrysanthemum, sunflower, fishtail chrysanthemum, jade chrysanthemum, pomegranate flower, pink pineapple, small chrysanthemum, dahlia, Camellia, gerbera, phalaenopsis, cymbidium, health flower, purse flower, morning glory**, calla lily, fortune, daffodil.

(7) Others: cotton, licorice, tobacco leaves.

2. Animal husbandry: pigs, goats, cattle, horses, cats, dogs, camels, elephants, mice, squirrels, tigers, lions, pandas, giraffes, kangaroos, hippopotamus, white rabbits, chickens, Ducks and geese.

3. Forestry: sycamore trees, poplar trees, pine trees, pomegranate trees, apple trees, vineyards.

4. Fisheries: crucian carp, silver carp, white stripes, fire heads, shrimps and turtles.

5. Sideline: weaving mats, collecting herbs

Industry

1. Ore: coal mines - coal plants,

Iron mines -Iron factory (iron utensils, steel products),

Ore - cement factory...

2. Steel: (machine manufacturing) aircraft, ships, automobiles, cars, Bicycles, motorcycles, machinery and equipment (water pumps)...

Door factory - security door...

3. Petroleum: Refinery - gasoline and diesel,

Plastic factory - plastic basins, bags, pens, toothbrushes,

Gas factory - gas...

4. Wood: Furniture factory - sofas, tables, chairs, stools,

Paper factory - printing factory, pencil factory...

5. Cotton: textile factory (textile industry), clothing factory - handbags, tops, trousers, hats, socks, Towels, scarves, quilts and sheets

6. Leather and rubber: animal skins - leather shoes,

Oak rubber - rubber pots, sports shoes, tires...

7. Chemical industry: fertilizer factory, additives, pigments, toothpaste, shampoo, ǎze) gel, milk powder factory

8. Food: oil factory - peanut oil, rapeseed oil, salad oil, sesame oil ( Large-scale oil pressing factory),

Salt factory, soy sauce factory, vinegar factory, tea factory, sugar factory, seasoning factory...

Noodle factory - instant noodles, winery - ―Various wines, pharmaceutical factories, cigarette factories - various cigarettes, feed factories

Biscuit factories - various foods, dumpling factories - dumplings, steamed buns factories - steamed buns

9. Electrical appliance factory: TV, VCD refrigerator, washing machine, air conditioner,

Electric lights - light bulbs, electric rods, desk lamps, electric fans, treadmills...

Computers, mobile phones, chargers (Various components and accessories)...

Audio and video products factory - discs, tapes

10. Others: electricity - power plants,

Water - Waterworks (prosperous in cities),

Porcelain - bowl factories, floor tiles, vases,

Glassworks - glasses, wine bottles,

Service industry

1. Business: clothing store, supermarket, wholesale department (auto parts, food retail (pastry)), tea shop... simple business Form - Sales

2. Catering industry: hotels, restaurants, snack bars

3. Construction industry: real estate development, decoration companies, hotels

4. Transportation industry: buses, taxis, airplanes, trains, ships,

5. Postal and telecommunications: post office - sending letters, remitting parcels, China Mobile Communications, China Unicom Communications

6. Finance: various banks, savings banks, securities centers

7. Insurance: insurance companies (life insurance, accident insurance, property insurance)

8. Public security : People's courts at all levels, public security bureaus (police, military)

Management industry - administrative management (national president, provincial governor, mayor, director, township chief, village cadres)

9. Radio and television: provincial television stations, radio and television stations

10. Aerospace industry: weather forecast...>>

Question 6: What are China’s basic industries? Basic industries are the basis for supporting the operation of social economy. They determine and reflect the development direction and speed of national economic activities. Basic industries such as energy, transportation, transportation, and raw materials account for 70% of China's total state-owned assets. It is the material guarantee for national rejuvenation and the rise of a great country, and is the "foundation of the country."

China's basic industries have lagged behind the development of the national economy for a long time, becoming a bottleneck for China's sustained and healthy economic development. The market-oriented reform of basic industries has attracted the attention of economists. In recent years, *** the central and The State Council has proposed the strategy of "powering the country with talents"; it requires training entrepreneurs in their strategic development capabilities, and then improving their professionalism. In particular, the training of professional managers in basic industries is of greater importance. We firmly believe that with the outstanding development of the leaders of domestic basic industrial compensation enterprises, the correct guidance of national industrial policies, and the full assistance of domestic, foreign, state-owned and private capital, China's basic industries will surely flourish and achieve glory! One of the signs is that through efficient training and learning exchanges, a large number of outstanding corporate leaders have emerged.

Question 7: What does industrial base mean? 5 points Basic industries refer to the infrastructure and basic industries on which social and economic activities depend. Its meaning is very broad, but in fiscal theory, it usually refers specifically to the tangible assets of the public sector. Infrastructure includes various transportation facilities (such as railways, highways, bridges, airports, waterways, docks, etc.), water conservancy facilities, communication facilities, and urban utilities (such as water and electricity supply systems, sewage systems, urban transportation systems), etc.

Basic industries mainly refer to the energy industry (coal and crude oil mining, hydropower, thermal power, nuclear power production, etc.) and basic raw material industries (such as steel, building materials, petrochemicals, etc.).

Basic industries are the basic sectors that support the operation of a country's economy and determine the development level of other industries. The more developed a country's basic industries are, the more likely it is to develop its national economy, the more efficiently the national economy will operate, the more convenient and higher the quality of life will be for its people. Therefore, if a country wants to maintain long-term, rapid, coordinated and effective development of its national economy, it must first develop its basic industries.

Characteristics of basic industries

Compared with other industries, basic industries have the following characteristics:

First, basic. The reason why basic industries are "basic" is that they are in the "upstream" link in the industrial chain of the national economy. Infrastructure is the "uniform condition" for the national economy and social life, and the products of basic industries are necessary inputs for other production sectors.

Second, natural monopoly. The one-time fixed cost of investment in basic industries is very large, while the variable cost of operation is small. Before the output reaches the designed supply capacity, because the marginal cost is lower than the average cost, the average cost of production decreases. This cost structure makes it unlikely that the market will support more than one provider in a given area, making the sole service provider a monopoly. For example, it is difficult to imagine two subways with identical lines in the same city. operator, or there are two competing water companies in the same community. This kind of monopoly caused by diminishing costs is a natural monopoly.

Third, the attributes of mixed goods. Among the basic industries, the vast majority are mixed commodities. Although they are almost all exclusive, they all have a certain degree of non-competitiveness, and their crowding coefficient is between 0 and 1. That is, before the consumption reaches its supply capacity, the degree of consumer satisfaction is not affected by each other. Influence. This characteristic of basic industry makes it the leading sector of national economic and social development. Governments in various countries have intervened in it in different ways to varying degrees, and public investment is one of them. Especially in developing countries, due to the weak economic foundation and low social wealth accumulation rate, market investment entities lack the strength to make large-scale investments and the ability to bear greater risks, making it difficult to invest in basic industries. If *** cannot invest in basic industries Investment will inevitably lead to a situation in which the development of domestic basic industries lags behind, and will ultimately drag down the development of other economic sectors.

Investment methods in basic industries

The most critical issue in basic industry investment is the investment and management methods, which are not only directly related to investment efficiency, but also determine the source of investment funds. It is worth noting that different investment and operating methods actually mean different cost compensation methods. Judging from the practice of various countries, the main investment methods are:

1. Direct investment, provided free of charge. That is, *** directly invests in infrastructure, provides it to the public free of charge, and *** bears all costs. This is the most basic and traditional way of investing. It is suitable for infrastructure projects that generally benefit the public and the amount of benefits is roughly equal. At this time, *** actually relied on tax financing.

2. Direct investment, non-commercial operation. That is *** direct investment, which is conducted non-commercially by specific public *** departments to which *** belongs. The so-called non-commercial operation means that it is not for profit. The operating entity charges users a fee equal to or less than the operating cost. This method is suitable for those infrastructure projects that generally benefit the public, but the amount of benefits is different, and are exclusive but are not suitable to be operated by the private sector. At this time, there are actually two ways to compensate for project costs: taxes and user fees.

3. Indirect investment and commercial operations. That is, *** only provides investment loans, invested and operated by the private sector on a commercial basis. It is suitable for general infrastructure and basic industrial projects whose benefit targets are not widespread enough, exclusive and suitable for private sector operations. At this time, project cost compensation actually comes from the price of providing project services.

In addition to the above basic methods, in practice, there are many other portfolio investment and operation methods in basic industries, such as BOT, *** investment and financing, etc. ...>>

Question 8: What is the basis of the national economy? Agriculture is the basis of the national economy

1. Agriculture is the source of food and clothing for human society and the basis of survival. Our country is a country with a large population. Only by solving the problem of food can we have the energy to develop other industries and ensure social stability. How can we talk about the development of secondary and tertiary industries or modernization when society is unstable? Only when China, a country with a large population, has sufficient food can it not be controlled by others, can it seek its own prosperity and strength in complex international relations.

2. Necessary conditions for the existence and development of industry and other material production sectors and all non-material production sectors.

Agriculture is the main source of raw materials for industry, especially light industry; it provides a broad market for the development of secondary and tertiary industries; it is an important source of national construction funds; it is an important source of export materials.

3. Agriculture is the guarantee that supports the continuous development and progress of the entire national economy. The history of my country's economic development proves that if agriculture develops smoothly and grows rapidly, the entire national economy will develop faster; on the contrary, if agricultural production regresses, it will cause serious damage to the development of the national economy and people's lives.

Our country must vigorously develop agriculture and strengthen its basic position. Only when agriculture develops and agricultural labor productivity increases can more manpower, material resources, and talents be transferred to the secondary and tertiary industries, especially the tertiary industry, to promote the modernization of the national economy. Therefore, we vigorously develop agriculture and strengthen the basic position of agriculture. Not only will it not restrict the development of the secondary and tertiary industries, but it will promote their further development. In the future, as agriculture develops and agricultural labor productivity increases, the proportion of agriculture in the national economy will decrease. This will only be a decrease in relative terms, but not only will it not decrease in absolute terms, it will also increase. The importance and status of agriculture to China will never be diluted at any time.

Question 9: What is the definition of the infrastructure industry? What industries are specifically included? Infrastructure refers to the material engineering facilities that provide public services for social production and residents' lives. It is a public service system used to ensure the normal conduct of national or regional social and economic activities. It is a general material item that society relies on for survival and development. "Infrastructure" includes not only public facilities such as roads, railways, airports, communications, water, electricity and gas, commonly known as physical infrastructure, but also social undertakings such as education, science and technology, medical care, sports, culture and so on. social infrastructure.