What is the direction that people often say in meteorology?

People often say that the direction in meteorology refers to the wind direction. The wind direction is the direction in which the wind blows, that is, the north wind blows, mostly cold air, such as Siberian cold air, and the north wind blows more in winter.

The wind direction needs to be measured by the wind vane. The direction pointed by the wind direction arrow of the vane pair indicates which direction the wind blows at that time, and the wind direction can be easily observed from the relative position of the vane and the fixed main bearing indicator.

When the blade is at a certain angle to the direction of air flow, the air flow produces a pressure f at the tail of the blade. Its size is in direct proportion to the projection of the geometric shape of the wind vane on the vertical plane in the air flow direction. The windward area of the wind vane head is small and the windward area of the tail is large. The wind pressure moment is generated by the component f of the pressure difference in the direction perpendicular to the wind vane, so that the wind vane rotates around the vertical axis until the wind vane is parallel to the airflow.

For example:

In the weather forecast, we often hear words about orientation, such as "moving to the northeast at a speed of about 50 kilometers per hour".

In Japanese, Northeast, Northwest, Southeast and Southwest are written as Northeast (ほくとぅ), Northwest (ほくせぃ) and Southeast respectively. Japanese "all-round beauty" (meaning all-round exquisiteness) also comes from this. So what are the directions of "south by southwest" and "east by northeast"?

"South-southwest-southwest" is the direction between south and southwest, which means "south by southwest" in English, similar to "south by southwest" in Chinese. "Northeast East" is the direction between East and Northeast, and so on.