Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - What equipment do dry cleaners need, the price of dry cleaning machines, and how much is a set of dry cleaning equipment?
What equipment do dry cleaners need, the price of dry cleaning machines, and how much is a set of dry cleaning equipment?
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Apple has the reputation of "wisdom fruit" and "memory fruit". People have long found that eating more apples can improve memory and intelligence. Apples are not only rich in essential nutrients such as sugar, vitamins and minerals, but also rich in zinc. According to research, zinc is a component of many important enzymes in human body and a key element to promote growth and development. Zinc is also a nucleic acid closely related to memory and an essential element for protein. Zinc is also closely related to the production of antibodies and the improvement of human immunity.
The water content of apples is 85%.
Apples contain polyphenols and flavonoids, natural chemical antioxidants and a lot of crude fiber.
It contains more potassium, which can be combined with excess sodium salt in human body and excreted. When the human body ingests too much sodium salt, eating some apples is beneficial to balance the electrolytes in the body.
It contains phosphorus, iron and other elements that are easily absorbed by the intestinal wall, and has the functions of strengthening the brain, nourishing blood, calming the heart and sleeping.
The aroma of apples is a good medicine for depression and depression. After many experiments, experts found that among many smells, the aroma of apples has the greatest impact on people's psychology and has obvious effect on eliminating psychological depression. Clinical application has proved that the mood of patients with depression is greatly improved, and their spirits are relaxed and happy. After smelling the fragrance of apples, their depression is eliminated.
Malic acid in apples has whitening effect. Many people worry that the acidity of apples will corrode their teeth. Apples with cheese can limit the acidity in apples. Eating apples can also effectively help clean teeth.
It can be eaten raw or cooked, and can also be made into dried fruit, jam, jelly and so on. Apples are used in many sweets.
It's best to wipe apples in cold water before eating them raw or boiling them. If exposed to air, pulp will be oxidized and turn black. In order to prevent oxidation, eat quickly or cook according to the characteristics.
When you cook apples, you can add enough water and cook them gently. In order to improve the speed, you can slice the apple and heat it in the microwave oven for 2 minutes. Decide whether to add sugar and other kinds of fruits according to the types of apples. After the apple is cooked, the content of polyphenols natural antioxidants will be greatly increased, which can achieve the effects of lowering blood sugar, diminishing inflammation and sterilizing.
1, anti-aging: Red pitaya has high anthocyanin content. Anthocyanin is an effective antioxidant, which has antioxidant, anti-free radical and anti-aging effects, and also has the functions of inhibiting brain cell degeneration and preventing dementia.
Generally, grafting can be carried out in all seasons except the low temperature period in winter. Because winter and spring are cold and humid for a long time, the wound is not only difficult to heal, but also expands, endangering the plant. Therefore, the best grafting time is March-June, 65438+1October, which has sufficient healing growth period and is conducive to the next year's results.
3. Drug treatment before grafting
The knife used for grafting should be disinfected with alcohol or white wine to prevent bacterial infection. Conditional availability. Dipping the base of scion with sodium naphthylacetate solution can not only promote the formation of callus, but also improve the survival rate. [3]
4. Grafting method
3. Drug treatment before grafting
The knife used for grafting should be disinfected with alcohol or white wine to prevent bacterial infection. Conditional availability. Dipping the base of scion with sodium naphthylacetate solution can not only promote the formation of callus, but also improve the survival rate. ? [3]?
4. Grafting method
A. Docking method
In Lady Enforcers, a sharp knife is used to cut the triangular prism crosswise at a proper height, then three edges are cut at 30-40 degrees, the sterilized fairy thorn is used to pierce the vascular bundle in the middle of the rootstock, and the cut scion is connected to the other end of the thorn, and the scion is connected to the thorny rootstock. Rootstock and scion should be as close as possible without gaps, so as to avoid poor healing caused by bacterial infection. Then add a thorn on both sides to fix it, and then tie it tightly around the base with thin iron wire.
B. wedging method
Cut a slit longitudinally at the top of the rhizome with a sterilized knife, but not too deep. Then cut the lower part of the scion into a duckbill shape with a sterilized blade, insert it into the crack of the rootstock immediately after cutting, fix it with plastic tape, and cover it with a plastic bag to keep the air humidity, which is beneficial to survival. After 20 days, the growth of grafting was observed. If it can keep fresh and bright green, it will survive. You can leave the nursery in a month.
pot culture
The germination temperature of pitaya seeds is about 25℃.
To choose culture soil with fine particles, you can also use commercially available sowing soil instead.
Be sure to remove the pulp and gum attached to the seeds, otherwise mold will easily grow when sprouting.
To make a small potted plant, the seeds should be spread densely, especially at the edges, otherwise it will be scattered loosely and lose its aesthetic feeling.
If there is no bottom hole in the basin, don't water it directly with the kettle, so as not to water it too much. Just spray water with the watering can once every 2-3 days. ?
Including peaches, plums, apricots and cherries. The outer wall of the ovary forms exocarp, the middle wall develops into fruit meat, and the inner wall forms lignified stone. There is usually a seed in a stone. The edible part is mesocarp.
3. Berry fruit trees
Include kiwi fruit, raspberry, pomegranate, grape, etc. The fruit is juicy, and the seeds are small and numerous, which are distributed in the pulp, and most of them are not resistant to storage. This kind of fruit has great differences in fruit structure due to different tree species. Its representative tree species is grape, the fruit develops from ovary, the exocarp is membranous and the mesocarp is soft and juicy. The edible part is mesocarp.
4. Nut fruit trees
Including walnuts, chestnuts, hazelnuts, ginkgo, etc. It is characterized by a hard shell outside the fruit and seeds in the shell. Edible parts are mostly seeds, which have low water content and are resistant to storage and transportation, commonly known as dried fruits.
5. Persimmon and jujube trees
Exocarp membranous, mesocarp fleshy. The endocarp of jujube forms a nucleus, and the edible part is mesocarp; Persimmon endocarp is tough, and the edible part is the middle endocarp.
Including oranges, oranges, oranges, grapefruit and so on. The fruit developed from ovary, the exocarp was leathery with oil cells, the endocarp was a white sponge and the endocarp was a juicy sac. The edible part is endocarp capsule. Most fruits are resistant to storage and transportation.
2. Others
Include litchi, longan, loquat, bayberry, coconut, mango, avocado, etc.
Perennial herbaceous fruit trees
Include bananas, pineapples, strawberries and the like.
(1) Nutrition and health functions of fruits are rich in nutrients, including vitamins and inorganic salts, as well as sugar, starch, protein, fat, organic acids and aromatic substances, which are necessary for human growth, development and nutrition. According to nutritionists, each person needs 70 ~ 80 kilograms of fruit every year to meet the normal needs of the human body.
(2) Medicinal functions of fruits Many fruits and seeds can be used as medicine and have therapeutic effects. Such as walnuts, lychees and longan are all good tonics; Pear cream and persimmon cream are often used as medicine; Almond, peach kernel and orange complex are important Chinese herbal medicines. Guava can treat diabetes and lower cholesterol.
(3) The eco-environmental benefits of fruit trees have universal adaptability. Fruit trees can be planted not only in plains, rivers, roads and rural gardens, but also in deserts, hills and beaches. Choosing suitable fruit trees can not only increase economic income, but also prevent soil erosion, increase green coverage area and adjust climate, thus greening, beautifying and purifying the environment.
(4) Fruit trees are important raw materials for food industry and chemical industry. In addition to fresh food, fruits can also be processed into preserved fruits, fruit juices, preserves, jams, cans, fruit wine, fruit vinegar and so on. The hard shell of some fruits can be used to make activated carbon, the leaves, bark and peel of some fruit trees can be used to extract dyes or tanning materials, and orange peel and neroli can be used to extract essential oils. The wood of many fruit trees is an excellent material for national defense industry, construction industry and carving technology.
(5) The economic benefits of fruit trees are an important part of agriculture. With the adjustment of rural industrial structure and the liberalization of agricultural products market, especially in hilly, mountainous and desert areas, developing fruit tree production according to local conditions can bring considerable benefits to farmers. China fruit is rich in resources, and fruit tree production is highly competitive in the international market, which is an important source of foreign exchange earned by agricultural products export.
First, the selection of excellent varieties of saplings should be pure and adapt to local natural environmental conditions. To develop new varieties of fruit trees, it is necessary to consult relevant scientific research departments and experts, and never trust advertisements and choose seeds by ear. The seedlings supplied by general scientific research units and competent departments are more reliable. For seedlings sold by individuals, the source of seedlings or scions must be made clear before purchase. [ 1]
Second, the root system of fruit tree seedlings with excellent roots should have more lateral roots and fibrous roots, which are evenly distributed. The first-class and second-class seedlings should have more than three lateral roots, and the roots should not lose water.
3. Selection of superior specifications: The height of fruit seedlings should be 1 ~ 1.3 m, and the ground diameter (above the interface 10 cm) should be 0.8 ~ 1 cm. Grape Miao Di diameter is not less than 0.6 cm.
4. Germination conditions: the plastic belt below the fixed stem position must have more than 6 full and full leaf buds, so that good branches can be issued after the fixed stem position. Grape seedlings must have 3 ~ 4 full buds with high maturity.
Five, whether there are pests and diseases, choose the seedlings without pests and diseases, and the seedlings belonging to the quarantine scope should have quarantine certificates. Never introduce diseases, insects and weeds into quarantine objects, otherwise there will be endless troubles.
Sixth, whether there is mechanical damage, choose seedlings without mechanical damage, especially the phenomenon of broken roots and joints.
Seven. The maturity of mature seedlings should be high, with the skin color and leaf color of the variety, less fluff on the branches and no tender leaves in autumn to improve the cold resistance.
Eight, moisturizing status Choose saplings with fresh roots, no wrinkled skin and no dryness, especially saplings preserved by spraying salt water, so as not to reduce the survival rate.
Nine, grafting rootstocks All kinds of fruit trees have certain rootstock requirements. For example, the rootstock of wide-peel citrus is bitter orange, the rootstock of navel orange is sour orange, fragrant orange, little red orange and earthy lemon, the rootstock of pomelo is sour pomelo, the rootstock of pear is Li Tang and Li Dou, the rootstock of peach and plum is peach and mountain peach, and the rootstock of loquat and bayberry is seedling. Rootstock affinity is not suitable and not strong, which hinders the development of seedlings.
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The dormancy period of fruit trees is from defoliation in winter to germination in the next year. At this time, almost all fruit tree diseases and insect pests began to hide in the wintering nest, unable to eat or move, and went into hibernation. Therefore, this is the best time to control fruit tree diseases and insect pests once a year. First, clean the garden. Some diseases such as soft rot, gray mold and downy mildew, as well as some pests such as red spider, borer and caterpillar, mostly hide in dead branches, fallen leaves, weeds and garden debris for the winter. Therefore, orchards should be cleaned in time after fruit picking or defoliation. First, cut off branches, dead branches, insect buds, dead fruits, etc. In the tree; Then clean up the fallen leaves and fruits under the tree, and at the same time clean up and bury the sundries around the garden, destroy them or make compost, which can basically eliminate pests or germs that overwinter in these sundries.
2. Scarabs, peach moth, boat moth, Spodoptera litura, cutworm and yellow striped beetle all hibernate in the soil in the form of adults, larvae or pupae, and some fruit tree diseases such as Fusarium wilt and Verticillium wilt all hibernate in the soil in the form of hyphae, sclerotia and spores. Through the measures of soil overwintering, its overwintering nest can be effectively destroyed and its exposed soil surface can be frozen to death. The depth of tillage should be 15-25 cm, if it is too deep, it will easily damage the roots. Watering and maintenance should be done in time after turning the tree tray deeply, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied at the same time.
Third, eradicate weeds. Some pests, such as aphids, will hide in weeds and gaps in the soil for the winter. When the flowers bloom in the next spring, the pests move to the fruit trees to do harm. Therefore, the eradication of weeds in the field can effectively eliminate the source of insects. This measure can be combined with deep cultivation of garden soil.
Fourth, strengthen the prevention and control of pests and diseases in facilities. Some fruits, such as strawberries, are planted in protected areas such as plastic greenhouses to create good living conditions for overwintering pests. Therefore, it is of great significance to strengthen pest control in greenhouse and reduce the source of pests.
Han Qingping. "The clothes are pulled into the moonlight like water, and the water is bright, and the film is like duckweed, which is beautiful. However, the second half of this poem is melodramatic. Dongpo gathered wine among the flowers and said, "The thin wine in the mountain city is unpalatable, so I advise you to drink the moon in the cup." "The flute breaks the moonlight, but I worry about the moon falling through the glass. This is "sparse" and "numerous", which leads to "numerous branches in Chun Xue" or "numerous branches in pink". "Second, it is said that its beauty can be given to guests, and Yu Xin uses Red Qiong. Joan is a beautiful jade, which describes apricot flowers as jade and dyed red, and expresses the meaning of "red apricots dyed red". But with a little imagination, the literati used the beauty's skin color: "Clouds sing with Jasper, and snow dances around Hongqiong." Under the cover of dance sleeves, "Snow around the Red Qiong" is a beautiful skin, while "a glass of wine is greasy with flowers. Invite guests to drink. Hong Qiong * * * was flattered by being smoked. This is the scene in the brothel. If you think so, apricot blossom is probably wrong from the metaphor of "Red Qiong". ? [ 13]?
The beauty of apricot flowers actually has several stages. The so-called "apricot flowers look red but not white" begins with the accumulation of red when the buds are full, which is called "red wax half containing calyx" Exaggerated, it is "the blood on the bud is dry", which is a kind of tension that needs to be released. Then when it was first released, it turned pale pink as soon as it bloomed, but the pink was thin and red, and the rouge color was still protected in the core. This is "it seems that the wind is getting tighter and tighter, protect this rouge spot." But apricot flowers are delicate, and flowers will be accompanied by spring rain. As the saying goes, "Apricot flowers listen to the sound of rain", and only when it is sunny will apricot flowers smell sweet. At first, it was a faint fragrance. In the rain, the flowers of alienation, including pistil, gradually spread into tears, and the faint fragrance became clearer and clearer. Then it's sunny after the rain, the sun smokes and the color is white. Yingying is a snow apricot, but it is no longer implicit. At this time, the snow is flying, the fragrance is no longer deep, and it has gathered into a fragrance; Moreover, the fragrance is brilliant, and there is no wind and fear of falling apart. After that, the wind came, and the spring breeze was half in the branches. Who led this delicate flower to the "romantic tree" in a hateful way? ? [ 13]?
It is speculated that it may be related to the first meeting of Jinshi in Xingyuan in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, which is called "Flower Exploration Banquet". Is the poet Xue Neng (8 17? -? ), in his pen, Xinghua became a prostitute who laughed with a spring machine: "The living color is first-class, and the hand moves close to the brothel." Who knows, sex life is always negative, laughing at the spring breeze. "Too naked. Later, Wu implicitly used this sentence: "An apricot is out of the wall, and outsiders are alone. "It seems that there is still hatred, but it is even harder to be everywhere." In fact, "the powder is thin and red, and the shame is lightly covered" is also Wu Rong's description. His apricot blossom poem is, "Pink is thin and red, light and shy, and the flowers are full of romance." Softness is not weak because of drunkenness, and it worries itself if it is not a song. When you take a photo alone, you get the moon first by being near the water tower, and the most affectionate place is outside the wall. Wandering around all day is hard to be different, but it is more delicious to wait until dusk. Wu Rong's dissatisfaction should be that most future generations remembered Ye Shaoweng's poem "Spring can't shut the garden, an apricot comes out of the wall" in the Southern Song Dynasty, but they didn't know that "an apricot comes out of the wall" was his original creation in the late Tang Dynasty. ? [ 13]?
Fan Chengda in the Southern Song Dynasty (1126-1193) was kind. He wrote several poems about apricot flowers, one of which said, "The branches of pink are all heavy, and the east wind blooms alone all year round." If it is to repay that rogue Chun, many people say that they will give it to him. It is very artistic to classify everything as a "hooligan". ? [ 13]?
suggestion
"Yangzhou Fuzhi" said that during the Kaiyuan period, there were dozens of apricot trees in Yangzhou Taiping Garden. When it was in full bloom, the prefect gave a big banquet, called dozens of prostitutes, stood by each apricot tree and set up a museum called "Fighting for Spring". After the banquet, someone heard apricot flowers sigh.
Nan Zhuo, a Tang Dynasty man, told a story of "closing the past and urging flowers", saying that Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty liked to close the past. Once he went to another temple and saw Liu Xing in bud, he sighed, "This scene cannot be ignored." Gao Lishi was ordered to take the Jie drum, knock it on the porch and compose a song "Good Spring". When the porch was playing, looking back, Liu Xing was in full bloom in the temple, which seemed to be worth it. Seeing this, Xuanzong smiled and said to the imperial secretary, "Shouldn't this miracle be called God?"
February Flower God: Some places say that people teach people to cook with the fire of dates and apricots. In other places, Yang Yuhuan, one of the four beauties, is the god of apricot blossoms. After the Anshi Rebellion subsided, Emperor Xuanzong of the Tang Dynasty wanted to move and bury Yang Guifei, and saw apricot flowers under Mawei Slope. Therefore, later generations called Yang Yuhuan the God of Apricot Flowers.
Arima
The flower language and symbolic meaning of apricot flowers are: admiration, shyness and doubt of girls.
Apricot flowers are characterized by discoloration. They are bright red when they are in bud. As the petals stretch, the color gradually changes from thick to light, and turns white when falling. "White is not true white, red is not red. Please red and white, don't look at nature. " This is the Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli's careful observation of apricot flowers. Apricot flowers are born in spring, but they die in spring. There are both gorgeous and infinite scenery and withered and empty sadness. Different poets have different feelings about apricot flowers because of their different life experiences: some people feel the warmth and tenderness of apricot flowers while drifting, some people find it hazy and gloomy in melancholy, and some people lament the loneliness and desolation of apricot flowers flying after ups and downs.
People who like this flower or are blessed by this flower: the appearance and heart are completely different, the appearance is weak and shy, but the heart contains sensitive thinking and incomparable strength, and she is a girl who can withstand the wind and waves. I was taken care of by my family since I was a child. I am used to being loved, but I don't know how to take the initiative to care for others.
The plants are clustered and the stems are creeping. The height of the short type is less than 3.5 meters, generally less than 2 meters, and the height of the high type is 4 ~ 5 meters. The pseudostems are all dark green with black spots and covered with white powder, especially the upper part.
The leaves are oblong, 2-2.2 meters long and 60-70 centimeters wide, with a blunt apex, a nearly round base and symmetrical sides. The leaves are dark green without white powder, and the pale green back is covered with white powder. Petiole is short and thick, usually less than 30 cm long, with prominent wings, spreading, and brownish red or bright red edges. Spikes droop, inflorescence axis is densely covered with brown fluff, bracts are purple outside, covered with white powder, and dark red inside, but the base is slightly light and shiny, male bracts do not fall off, and each bract has 2 rows of flowers. The flowers are milky white or purplish, and the free tepals are nearly round, surrounded all around, with a conical sharp tip at the top. The middle two lateral leaflets of the combined tepals are longer, which is about 1/2 of the central leaflet.
The largest fruit cluster has as many as 360 fruits, weighing 32 kilograms. The average ear has 8 ~ 10 segments, about 150 ~ 200 fruits. The fruiting body is curved, slightly arched, and the young fruit stands upright. After ripening, it gradually tends to extend horizontally, with a length of 12 ~ 30cm and a diameter of 3.4 ~ 3.8cm The fruit edges are obvious, with 4 ~ 5 edges, the apex is gradually narrowed, the stalk is short, and the pericarp is turquoise, yellow-green and mature at low temperature.
The pseudostem of the sword head bud (arrowhead bud or bamboo shoot bud) is about 50 cm high, with thick base, fleshy red, small upper part, grayish green and purplish red, large and prominent black spots, long and narrow leaves, and a thick layer of white powder on the back of the leaves.
Bananas like hot and humid climate and thrive in deep soil, loose soil and well-drained land. Irrigation planting is also successful in semi-arid areas such as southern Jamaica. Wild bananas are cultivated with seeds, and artificial bananas can be cultivated with roots and pseudobulb ramets; The first harvest takes 10 ~ 15 months, and then it is almost continuous.
Banana roots are delicate, and the selection of soil is strict. The cohesive soil with poor ventilation structure or poor drainage is extremely unfavorable to the development of roots and contains clay particles.
The average distribution area for many years is above 2 1℃, and a few are around 20℃. Banana requires high temperature and high humidity, and the growth temperature is 20 ~ 35℃, the most suitable is 24 ~ 32℃, and the lowest can not be lower than 15.5℃. Bananas are afraid of low temperature, frost and snow, and their cold tolerance is weaker than banana and banana.
The critical temperature of growth inhibition is 65438 00℃. When the temperature dropped to 5℃, the leaves turned yellow due to cold damage, and the leaves died at 1 ~ 2℃. Fruit 12℃ chilling injury, the skin color is grayish yellow after ripening, which affects the commodity value.
Suction bud propagation is a common seedling raising method in banana cultivation tradition. It is mainly propagated by sword buds (red bamboo shoots) and rags. For ramets as seedlings, the buds are generally as high as 40 cm or more.
(1) Red bamboo shoots have a big head and a small tail, which are shaped like bamboo shoots and swords, so they are also called sword buds. Generally, the month of 1 1 in the previous year is longer.
In the growing state, it is necessary to drain water in time in rainy weather, so as not to be infected with germs and cause the stem meat to rot. Its stems can also grow on rocks, and this plant is very wind-resistant. As long as the support is firm, it can resist typhoon.
Pitaya can tolerate low temperature of 0℃ and high temperature of 40℃, and the optimum growth temperature is 25-35℃. Pitaya can adapt to a variety of soils, but neutral soil and weak acid soil with high humus content and water and fertilizer conservation are the best.
The most suitable cutting time is spring. Cuttings were selected from well-grown stems and cut into small pieces with a length of 375px. After the wound is air-dried, it is inserted into the sand bed or cut directly under the support frame and on the side of the cement column. There is no need to water after cutting to keep the soil dry. /kloc-start watering after 0/0. 15-30 days can take root, and the seedbed can be transplanted when the root length is 3- 100px. ? [3]?
transplant
Choose a "measuring ruler" with no pests and diseases, strong growth and full stem meat as the rootstock, and carry out it on sunny days.
Grafting. Cut the pitaya stem into a plane with a knife, insert the scion, align it with the cambium, and tie it tightly with cotton thread. Under the condition of 28-30℃, a large number of callus will be formed on the wound joint surface in 4-5 days, and the color of scion and rootstock is similar, indicating that the vascular bundles of them have healed and grafted successfully, and then they can be moved into the heel of seedbed to continue culture. ? [3]?
1, selection of rootstock and scion
Wild triangle column (Lady Enforcers) can be selected as the rootstock of yellow-fleshed pitaya, and white-fleshed pitaya can be selected as the rootstock of red-fleshed pitaya. Select 1-2-year-old triangular prism, cut it from the parent at the stem node, cut it in loose soil with heavy sandy soil (the depth should be blocked), put a shade shed on it, and water it as rootstock. It can be grafted in about half a month. Scions are suitable for branches that develop well in the same year.
Generally, grafting can be carried out in all seasons except the low temperature period in winter. Because winter and spring are cold and humid for a long time, the wound is not only difficult to heal, but also expands, endangering the plant. Therefore, the best grafting time is March-June, 65438+1October, which has sufficient healing growth period and is conducive to the next year's results.
3. Drug treatment before grafting
The knife used for grafting should be disinfected with alcohol or white wine to prevent bacterial infection. Conditional availability. Dipping the base of scion with sodium naphthylacetate solution can not only promote the formation of callus, but also improve the survival rate. ? [3]?
4. Grafting method
A. Docking method
In Lady Enforcers, a sharp knife is used to cut the triangular prism crosswise at a proper height, then three edges are cut at 30-40 degrees, the sterilized fairy thorn is used to pierce the vascular bundle in the middle of the rootstock, and the cut scion is connected to the other end of the thorn, and the scion is connected to the thorny rootstock. Rootstock and scion should be as close as possible without gaps, so as to avoid poor healing caused by bacterial infection. Then add a thorn on both sides to fix it, and then tie it tightly around the base with thin iron wire.
B. wedging method
Cut a slit longitudinally at the top of the rhizome with a sterilized knife, but not too deep. Then cut the lower part of the scion into a duckbill shape with a sterilized blade, insert it into the crack of the rootstock immediately after cutting, fix it with plastic tape, and cover it with a plastic bag to keep the air humidity, which is beneficial to survival. After 20 days, the growth of grafting was observed. If it can keep fresh and bright green, it will survive. You can leave the nursery in a month.
pot culture
The germination temperature of pitaya seeds is about 25℃.
To choose culture soil with fine particles, you can also use commercially available sowing soil instead.
Be sure to remove the pulp and gum attached to the seeds, otherwise mold will easily grow when sprouting.
To make a small potted plant, the seeds should be spread densely, especially at the edges, otherwise it will be scattered loosely and lose its aesthetic feeling.
If there is no bottom hole in the basin, don't water it directly with the kettle, so as not to water it too much. Just spray water with the watering can once every 2-3 days.
The seedbed should be a field with sunny ventilation, fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage. The whole border surface should be carefully cultivated, with 2250px and 667 square meters of decomposed chicken manure or cow dung/kloc-0, 500-2,000 kg, and mixed chaff ash/kloc-0, 000 kg, which should be fully stirred and applied to the border surface during soil preparation. After that, calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer 100- 150kg was applied, and it was fully stirred with a hoe, and the topsoil was applied to a depth of 4- 125px. Then sow seeds in the seedbed according to the row spacing of 75px, water them, and spray carbendazim 500 times 10 times every time. ? [3]?
Planting management
Pitaya began to blossom and bear fruit 12- 14 months after planting. It can bloom 12- 15 times a year, and the fruiting period is 4- 1 1 month. The fruit ripens 30-40 days after withering, and the single fruit weighs 500-65438.
The key points of high-yield cultivation are as follows:
1. Dilute application of thin fertilizer: Due to the long fruit harvesting period, organic fertilizer should be applied again every year, and NPK compound fertilizer should be applied in a balanced way for a long time. Potassium and magnesium fertilizer should be supplemented during flowering and fruiting to promote sugar accumulation and improve fruit quality. Keep the soil moist during the fruiting period, and cover the tree tray with grass or mushroom residue. When the weather is dry, water should be poured every 3-4 days. Pitaya, like other cactus plants, is smaller than traditional fruit trees. Therefore, fertilization should be based on the principle of sufficient amount, small amount and multiple times.
Young trees (1-2 years old) mainly apply nitrogen fertilizer, so as to apply less frequently and promote the growth of trees. Adult trees (more than 3 years) are mainly applied with phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the amount of nitrogen fertilizer is controlled.
Fertilization should be carried out in the germination period of new shoots and the fruit expansion period in spring. Fertilizer is generally made of cake residue, chicken manure and pig manure according to the formula of 1: 2: 7, and 25 kilograms of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant every year. Or in July every year, 10 June, and in March of the following year, each plant is applied with cow dung compost 1.2 kg and compound fertilizer of 200 grams. The root system of pitaya is mainly distributed in topsoil, so fertilization should be adopted to avoid deep furrows to avoid root damage. In addition, after each batch of young fruits is formed, 0.3% magnesium sulfate +0.2% borax +0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1 time is sprayed outside the roots to improve the fruit quality.
Because of the long harvest period of pitaya, organic fertilizer should be applied again, and nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium compound fertilizer should be applied in a balanced way for a long time. Completely using fertilizers with too high nitrogen content in pig manure and chicken manure makes the branches thick, dark green, fragile, easy to break in strong wind, large and heavy fruits, poor quality, low sweetness and even sour or salty. Therefore, potassium fertilizer, magnesium fertilizer and bone meal should be added during flowering and fruiting to promote sugar accumulation and improve fruit quality.
There are many aerial roots of pitaya, which can be transformed into absorption roots. Expanding holes and improving soil can gradually broaden the distribution of root system; You can also induce aerial roots to go to the ground by binding and dragging. ? [5]?
2. Picking: When the branches grow to 1.3- 1.4 meters long, the picking core promotes branching and makes the branches droop naturally.
3. Intercropping and artificial pollination: When planting pitaya, it should be intercropped with 10% white meat pitaya. Cross-pollination among varieties can obviously improve the seed setting rate. In case of rainy weather, artificial pollination is needed. Pollination can be accomplished by brushing pollen directly on the stigma of female flowers before flowering at night or closing in the morning.
4. Pruning branches: After picking the fruit every year, cut off the bearing branches and let them send out new branches.
To ensure the output in the coming year. Pitaya can be planted in various ways, such as climbing the wall or building a shed, but column cultivation is the most common, which has the advantages of low production cost and high land utilization rate.
The so-called column planting is to erect a cement column or a wooden column, and plant 3-4 pitaya seedlings around the column so that the pitaya seedlings can grow along the column. Planting specifications: row spacing of double-season columns 1.5m× 2m, 4 plants are planted around each column, and 750 plants can be planted every 667m2. Pitaya can be planted all year round. Be careful not to plant it too deep. It can be planted about 3 cm deep, and the soil should be kept moist at the beginning. ? [3]?
Water management
Pitaya grows rapidly in a warm, humid and sunny environment. The soil in the whole garden should be kept moist during the growth of seedlings. Water more in spring and summer to keep the root system growing vigorously. Keeping the soil moist during fruit expansion is beneficial to fruit growth.
Do not soak for a long time when pouring water, and do not spray water frequently from beginning to end. Immersion irrigation will make the roots die of hypoxia for a long time, and drenching water will make the humidity uneven and induce erythema (physiological disease). Drainage should be carried out in time in rainy weather, so as not to be infected with germs and cause the stem meat to rot. Water should be controlled in the garden in winter to enhance the cold resistance of branches.
1, branch spraying: fruit trees with serious diseases,
The variety is completed from early June to winter, and the whole process is divided into three stages: physiological differentiation, morphological differentiation and sexual cell maturation. The flower buds are mixed buds and the inflorescences are corymbose cymes. 5-7 flowers per inflorescence.
bloom and bear fruit—yield positive results
Flowering: The flowering period of apples varies greatly due to different climates. Usually from April to May,
There are 3 ~ 7 flowers in each bud, and the central flower blooms first. Apple is a cross-pollinated plant, and most varieties cannot bear fruit by themselves. The proportion of various fruiting branches varies with the age and species of trees. Usually, young trees have more long fruit branches and middle fruit branches. With the increase of tree age, the proportion of short fruit branches increased rapidly, reaching more than 70% in the full fruit period, and almost all of them were short fruit branches in the aging period. As far as varieties are concerned, Jin Shuai and other varieties with long fruit branches.
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