Why did Pushkin fight?

St Petersburg, the dueling place of Heihe River in Feng Jicai, is the dueling place of Pushkin. Although Pushkin's argument of fighting Dants for love and dignity is conclusive, there is still a big mystery hidden in my heart. I don't believe it is so simple that tragedy happened to such a poet who loves life and freedom in full swing! The duel took place in the early morning of 1837 1 27, on the Black River near St. Petersburg. Cold snow covered the top of the mountain. Dundees suddenly turned around and gave Pushkin a fatal shot before he reached the obstacle. The blood was dyed red with snow. It has been 160 years since it happened. Although this "duel field" still maintains its original appearance, it has become a park in the city. Cars are speeding in a string on the distant highway. We pulled over and got off the grass. I headed straight for a scattered miscellaneous forest near Carmen. There is a small dry river bed lying on the ground, which is probably the famous Heihe River. However, the riverbed has become very narrow and shallow, covered with weeds, almost flush with the ground, and has completely become a historical relic. The lake bed is far away and near, and rotten wood is still lying on it. This is probably the remains of some old bridges that are still falling down. Fortunately, the Russians did not regard this place frequented by tourists as it. It keeps everything here in the original ecological history, including silence. Now, in the place where Pushkin and Dantè s duel, there is a stone tablet. The same gray-red granite slate, the same size, the two stone tablets are opposite, as if in a duel. I measured the distance between two stone tablets with steps, which is exactly nine steps. At that time, Pushkin returned a shot after Dundees was shot, and the bullet missed the key. He didn't die because of a duel. His stone tablet is just a symbol and has no name. Pushkin's stone tablet reads on the front: In Heihe, a great Russian poet Pushkin was injured and died in the duel of1February 8, 837. On the back of the stone tablet, the first sentence of the world-famous poem "The Death of the Poet" written by lermontov on the day of Pushkin's death is engraved: The poet is dead! Glorious prisoner! He fell down for slander, was shot in the chest, longed for revenge, and hung his proud head! When I read it today, there is still sadness and indignation in the poem. At this time, it was the weather in May, and there were green grass between the two stone tablets, full of yellow dandelions and white wild chrysanthemums. This makes me never feel the cold atmosphere after the heavy snow on the day of 1837 duel. However, when I leaned against the stone tablet on Pushkin's side and looked at the stone tablet on the other side, the sun just shone on the smooth stone tablet on Dantes's side, giving off strong radiation. I have been thinking about the meaning of his words. Is it a kind of collapsed despair, a complete escape, a happy rise of the soul, or a poem of life? When I was a child watching Pushkin's biography, I cried when I saw this sentence. Birds with Broken Wings In fact, Pushkin's tragedy began after graduating from middle school. Read the famous poem "To Classmates" that he wrote at school. He sang: freedom-boiling in my chest! A great nation didn't nap on me. He is sixteen years old this year. He is sensitive, frank, excitable, loves freedom and is full of rebellious spirit. However, he left Huangcun School and entered the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Tsar regime, where he became a tenth-class civil servant. The originally free bird was kept in a cage and didn't fly in the sky. He never escaped the control of the czar until he was shot in a duel. Pushkin's heart and his pen are always free. He protested against the cruelty of the czar, praised freedom and called for a new life. In this way, three years later, he angered Tsar Alexander I and was exiled to South Russia. He was exiled for six years. 1825, Alexander I died suddenly. In the fierce court struggle, the December Party Uprising took place. However, the uprising was brutally suppressed by Alexander's brother Nicholas and failed. Pushkin made a "request" to Nicholas, asking him to be allowed to be free. It should be said that Pushkin's step is wrong. Although Pushkin was not a member of revolutionary The Decemberists, almost all the arrested members carried Pushkin's poems calling for freedom. Twelve party member are consistent with his social ideal. How could he hope for Tsar Nicholas instead? He even fantasized that Nicholas would reform and attach importance to education and become an "enlightened and tolerant monarch" like Peter the Great. Is this childish? It is said that Nicholas did not arrest him for sedition, mainly because of the intercession of zhukovsky and others. On the one hand, zhukovsky is an excellent poet and cherishes Pushkin's genius; On the one hand, he was a court teacher, defending the czar system. He advocated that Nicholas used appeasement to draw the influential "spiritual leader" Pushkin to his side. Tsar Nikolai listened to zhukovsky and decided to pardon Pushkin. 1On September 8, 826, Nikolai summoned Pushkin. He asked Pushkin, "If you go to St. Petersburg again, will you take part in the uprising in The Decemberists?" Pushkin answered frankly: "I will! All my friends attended, I won't miss it. Just because I was not in Petersburg, I survived. " These words are typical poet's answers. Nicholas said to him, "If you are free, can you change your thoughts and actions?" Pushkin thought about it and nodded and agreed. Of course, Pushkin did not give up his social ideal and the sincerity of his poems. He is neither his friend nor Jerchavin and Zhukovsky as his role models. However, Tsar Nikolai made him a strict rule of any inspection system, that is, everything written by Pushkin must be shown to Emperor Nikolai himself first. It's like breaking a bird's wing! The poet's heart was tightly clamped in the huge iron tongs in the czar's hands. I want to know, did Pushkin give himself to the czar? If Pushkin has illusions about the newly enthroned Nikolai, then the illusion becomes a nightmare, because Tsar Nikolai hanged all The Decemberists; If he makes compromises and concessions in order to gain the freedom of writing, what he really gets is extinction! Pushkin's life was under the close supervision of the tsar; His every move is always in the sight of the tsar; His letters are often read by the third hall (the czar's secret service); He has no freedom of action, and he can't leave St. Petersburg at will without the permission of the czar; His travel plans again and again were rejected by the Tsar, including his request to visit China. If his works were not "approved" by the czar, it would never be published and published. His poetic drama Boris Godunov was shelved for six years because the czar shook his head. Those unpublished poems are not allowed to be read among friends. For example, in a military trial, Pushkin was immediately linked to a very troublesome case because some poems deleted from Pushkin's Andrei Sheniai were dug up from two officers. No matter how we think, we can't imagine what a tightly bound soul looks like. Autumn in Polkino was discovered when I was studying Pushkin's chronicle. His most important works were written when he left St. Petersburg, mainly three times. These three times are the climax of his creation. The first time was during his exile from 1820 to 1825. His narrative poems "Prisoner of the Caucasus" (182 1- 1823), "Bandit Brothers" (182 1- 1822) and "saraj's 1823, he was taken to the village of Mikhailovsk, the territory of his parents in Pskov region, where he was supervised by local authorities and the church. Although he lived a lonely life and was accompanied by an old nanny since childhood, his writing reached a climax. He has completed a series of important works, such as the long poem "Tzgang", the poetic novel "Counting Efforts" and the historical drama "Boris Godunov". He began to write yevgeny onegin, a classic of Russian literature. These works established his supreme position in Russian poetry. The second time was1September, 830. He went to his father's territory, Poljinnuo village, to dispose of his land. Just when the plague was prevalent and the traffic was blocked, he lived in this remote village, but he entered the golden creation period of the so-called "autumn of Poljinnuo". He not only finished his masterpiece yevgeni onegin, but also wrote four minor tragedies: Mozart and Charlery, The Stone Man, The Banquet in the Epidemic of Plague and The Tragic Knight. Fairy tale poem "The Story of Father and His Long-term Worker Balda"; He also completed all five novels in Belgin's collection of novels-Shooting, Blizzard, Postman, Coffin Merchant and Country Girl. When we read these poems and novels, we will feel that his inspiration is as brilliant as fireworks in festivals; And his mood is relaxed, happy, free and as transparent as glass. It is this mentality that makes him feel like a raging river, and he has completed so many masterpieces in just three months. Once the poet's heart is loose, what a great miracle he will create! The third time was in 1833. He wants to write/kloc-the history of Bugachov uprising in the 0/8th century, and needs to collect relevant information. He got a four-month holiday from Tsar Nicholas. However, several provinces he has been to have received secret orders to closely monitor him. /kloc-at the beginning of 0/0, Pushkin ended his inspection ahead of schedule and went to Poljinnuo village again. This time he only has a month and a half. But his harvest is even more amazing. In the absence of stalking and voyeurism, his pen is magically smooth. He not only wrote the history of the BuGachev Uprising in one breath, but also wrote the immortal fairy tale "The Story of the Fisherman and the Golden Fish" and translated two long poems by the Polish poet Mizz Kevic. He also completed two of his late masterpieces-the long narrative poem Bronze Knight and the novella The Queen of Spades. It is difficult to find a similar phenomenon among our other writers. This phenomenon is almost a miracle. This is the result of a bitter struggle between the free soul and authoritarian control. But perhaps it is under this harsh high pressure that he will have such a brilliant, magical and huge eruption. Therefore, on the one hand, we can see the beauty of the free mind flying, on the other hand, we can also feel the pain of the poet's soul. "Enough, enough, dear! "However, the deeper suffering began in 183 1 year. 1829, Pushkin met Goncharova Natalia, the first beauty in Moscow, at a dance. He was fascinated by her beauty. He pursued her tirelessly and finally succeeded. The following year they got engaged. 183 1 February, Goncharova and Pushkin got married in Moscow. When exchanging rings at the wedding, Pushkin's ring suddenly fell to the ground and the candle in his hand was mysteriously extinguished. Pushkin said to himself, "This is not a good sign! "Who would have thought that what happened later really fulfilled his sentence. Goncharova is a girl who grew up in high society. She likes to dress up in fashion, bejeweled, make public appearances in luxurious and grand occasions, create charm, and constantly respond to the swarming attention of men. But in Pushkin's eyes, all this is domestic garbage. But Pushkin loves her. For him, marrying his beloved Goncharova is the greatest happiness. He said: "My only wish is that all this will never change. I have no other delusions. "Later, they settled in Petersburg, and Pushkin still returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. With her beauty and wisdom, Goncharova soon became the most dazzling star in St. Petersburg society, surrounded by countless admirers and pursuers, including Tsar Nicholas. Pushkin is in a dilemma. Goncharova is the center of his heart, but Pushkin has no place in Goncharova's heart. When Goncharova danced with dignitaries, Pushkin just leaned against the big wall or pillar of the ballroom, drinking wine and eating ice cream slowly and killing time until the dance accompanied her home. This kind of dance often doesn't end until three or four in the morning, and Pushkin waits until this time every day. Pushkin endured all this for her because he loved her. But in the eyes of others, Pushkin has become a completely insignificant person, a redundant person. 1834 On New Year's Day, Emperor Nicholas suddenly ordered the appointment of Pushkin as a court bodyguard. This position has always been held by young people. Nikolai's "gift" to 35-year-old Pushkin became an insult. This shows that Nicholas is completely serious about holding the poet in his hand. And this appointment has a deeper ulterior purpose, that is, it is convenient for Goncharova to go in and out of the palace at any time, so that the Tsar himself has more opportunities to meet Goncharova. Pushkin realized this profound intention; Goncharova also knew that she was happy about it. Because Goncharova is not interested in Pushkin's writing, all her thoughts are on "Color Ball". Pushkin is most eager to escape from Petersburg. Because Petersburg made him tired, sick, depressed and exhausted, there was nothing he could do. In his poem "Enough, Enough, Dear" to Goncharova, he wrote: Enough, Enough, Dear! The heart demands peace-day after day flies, taking away a drop of life every hour. Our ideal is life, but look at that-soon we will die. There is no happiness in the world, but peace and freedom; How long, these have been haunting me-alas, how long, I, a tired slave, have always wanted to escape to a distant hometown full of labor and purity. He applied for going out again and again, but he was not allowed. In the summer of 1834 and 1835, he wrote his resignation twice and wanted to return to the countryside to live and write, but he was denounced by Nicholas. 1In the autumn of 835, he managed to go to the village of Mikhailovsk. He hoped to get another "Polkino-style" golden period of creation, but this time he got nothing. He feels that he has no soul, he can't be quiet, his pen is difficult, and his mind seems to have dried up! He didn't expect that the garbage life in Petersburg was about to drain him! It is said that Pushkin often cries painfully in his study in St. Petersburg: "Melancholy, I am depressed!" " "For the freedom of thought, 1836 was a difficult year for Pushkin. Apart from giving birth to Pushkin, Goncharova turned a blind eye to Pushkin's mental pain and was completely indifferent. She didn't even accompany Pushkin to the village of Mikhailovsk in the countryside once, and her luxurious clothes and expenses made Pushkin unbearable. At this time, Pushkin was only a nine-level civil servant with an annual salary of 5,000 rubles and four children at home. Goncharova needs at least 20,000 rubles a year. He was also a good deal in debt. Guys in clothing stores, car dealers, grocery stores and bookstores often come to collect debts. Pushkin wants to resign and leave Petersburg for this reason. Tsar Nicholas still refused him and promised to lend him 30 thousand rubles, which was deducted from his salary. Economic difficulties are a real pressure on him. Pushkin has always held a literary wish, that is, to run a pure literary magazine and unite the Russian literary elite. During this period, many outstanding writers emerged in the literary world, and these young people were in great need of support. 1in April, 836, Pushkin was approved to host Modern People magazine. He happily invited Nicola Nikolai Gogol, ten years younger than himself, to join the editorial department. But it backfired. At that time, the literary atmosphere was not good, and there were many contradictions in the critical circle; It is also difficult for an emotional poet like him to run a highly transactional magazine. The poor performance of Modern People also aggravated his already bad mood. His mother died on 1836. He loved his mother all his life, which hit him hard. He personally guarded the coffin and buried his mother in the cemetery of the Holy Mountain Cathedral in the village of Mikhailovsk. Next to his mother's grave, he also bought a cemetery for himself. Why did he do it? Are you going to stay with your mother forever after death, or are you going to escape from this world? Is he waiting for a chance to die? Since the summer of 1836, there has been a lot of news about Goncharova. On the one hand, it is Nicholas's pursuit, on the other hand, it is the explicit pursuit of Goncharova by French officer Dantè s. Dundees is very handsome, a handsome dancer, and has a good Japanese talent. Goncharova also has a good impression on this romantic Frenchman. So all kinds of innuendo and sharp ridicule of the upper class fell on the proud Pushkin. Especially those who have been ridiculed by Pushkin's satirical poems, take the opportunity to denigrate Pushkin. Pushkin knew all this, but he loved Goncharova deeply and still endured it silently. 1836 1 1 month, Pushkin received an anonymous letter. Publicly called Pushkin "the head of the tortoise". The same letter was sent to Pushkin's friend. Ugliness and slander have become a kind of social news. The furious Pushkin seems to have suddenly found a way out-according to the custom of Russian men to solve disputes at that time, duel was inevitable. On the surface, Dundees' obsession with Goncharova can't ease the situation, and Pushkin is bound to defend his dignity with despair. From a deeper perspective, it is not just because of this dramatic hatred. It is said that Pushkin immediately calmed down after receiving Dundees' application, as if a major event could finally be settled. Then he didn't make any preparations for the duel, and he didn't have an assistant until the next day's duel. It was not until Dante's assistant came to see you that he ran out in the street, pulled Danzas, a classmate he happened to meet at Huangcun School, as an assistant, and asked Danzas to buy him a gun, while he picked up a book to read. Is he going to a duel, or is he waiting for his expected death? When he was lying at home after being shot, his friends were going to duel with Dante and avenge him. Instead, he said, "Don't go, make peace, make peace." Is he willing to accept this bullet from the enemy? He also said to Goncharova, "Don't blame yourself for me. This matter is only related to me personally. " This sentence not only comforted Goncharova, but also showed that the root of the duel came from his very painful personal secret. Before he stopped breathing, he said many words intermittently, one of which was the most important. He said, "There is no place for me in this world. I must die. Obviously this should not be the case. " From the above details, we can draw a conclusion that Pushkin's duel is his only choice to get out of the predicament. Pushkin in the later period was surrounded by many difficulties. He has no freedom, suffered humiliation, financial difficulties, career obstacles, talent decline and mental exhaustion. He was wrapped in darkness and couldn't see any light. When cash is obscured by darkness, death is often mistaken for light. It is said that both Santang and Emperor Nicholas knew about the duel between Pushkin and Dantè s, but no one came forward to stop it. Isn't it their wish that Pushkin was shot? In Pushkin's former residence by the Moika River, I saw the real life of this great poet before his death. Now he only occupies a few rooms on the first floor of the building, but it is simply the home of a "ninth-class civil servant". It looks comfortable, but it looks like a cage to Pushkin; He lived under surveillance all his life and wrote under surveillance. But nothing in Pushkin's poems is good for the emperor, please and please; His body is tied with ropes, and his heart is more eager for freedom. This freedom is what he wrote in every touching poem. This reminds me of Shakespeare's words in Hamlet: "Even if you put me in a matchbox, I am the master of infinite space." Because of this, Pushkin has gone for a century and a half, but he is still revered by people. He was crucified with blood all his life, but he never gave up the dignity and dignity of freedom. In the last year of his life, he wrote a Monument. He wrote proudly and passionately: No, I won't die completely. On the solemn strings, my soul will live forever outside the ashes of shoulder rot. My name will spread far and far, even if there is only one poet in this moonlight world ... I will be loved by the people; They will always remember the sweet feelings aroused by my poems. They will remember how I sang freely in this cold age and called for sympathy for those who fell. Now I understand that his duel is actually a kind of suicide. Killing people for nothing would also be a great move.