Typhoon knowledge and disaster prevention and mitigation measures

What the public calls "typhoon" in daily life is termed "tropical cyclone", which usually refers to a rapidly rotating low-pressure vortex that occurs in the tropics. It is often accompanied by strong weather changes, such as strong winds, heavy rain, huge waves, storm surges and tornadoes. So, do you know what typhoon knowledge and disaster prevention and mitigation measures are? Below I will introduce you to typhoon knowledge and disaster prevention and mitigation measures.

1. Knowledge about typhoons

Causes of typhoons

Typhoons originate from the tropical sea, where the temperature is high, and a large amount of seawater is evaporated into the air, forming a Low pressure center. With changes in air pressure and the movement of the earth itself, the inflowing air also rotates, forming a counterclockwise rotating air vortex, which is a tropical cyclone. As long as the temperature does not drop, this tropical cyclone will become stronger and stronger, and finally form a typhoon.

Advantages and Disadvantages of Typhoon

Advantages of Typhoon:

In the coastal areas of my country, typhoons are more or less attacked almost every summer and autumn. Therefore, The loss of life and property suffered was also considerable. As a kind of disastrous weather, it can be said that when it comes to typhoons, no one will have a favorable impression of them. However, everything has duality. Typhoons bring disasters to mankind, but if there were no typhoons, mankind would suffer even more. Scientific research has found that typhoons have at least the following benefits to humans:

First, typhoons bring abundant fresh water to people. Typhoons bring a lot of rain to the coast of China, the Sea of ??Japan, India, Southeast Asia and the southeastern United States.

Secondly, the tropical and subtropical areas close to the equator receive the longest sunshine hours and are unbearably dry and hot. If there are no typhoons to dissipate the heat in these areas, it will be even hotter and the surface desertification will be more serious. At the same time, the frigid zone will become colder and the temperate zone will disappear. Our country will no longer have a spring city like Kunming, nor will there be Guangzhou, which is evergreen all year round, and the "Beidacang" and Inner Mongolia grasslands will no longer exist.

Third, the maximum speed of a typhoon can reach more than 200 kilometers per hour, causing destruction wherever it goes. This huge energy can directly cause disasters to human beings, but it is also due to this huge energy flow that the earth maintains a thermal balance, allowing human beings to live and work in peace and contentment, and continue to prosper.

Fourth, typhoons can also increase fishing production. Whenever a typhoon hits, the rivers and seas are turned upside down, and the nutrients at the bottom of the rivers and seas are swept up. The bait increases, attracting fish to gather near the water surface, and the catch naturally increases.

In addition to bringing severe disasters such as storms to the landing areas, typhoons also have certain benefits.

According to statistics, typhoon rainfall accounts for more than 1/4 of the total rainfall in Southeast Asian countries, including my country, and the United States. Therefore, if there were no typhoons, the agricultural plight of these countries would be unimaginable; in addition, typhoons It plays an important role in regulating the earth's heat and maintaining thermal balance. As we all know, tropical areas receive the most solar radiation and therefore have the hottest climate, while the opposite is true in cold zone areas. Due to the activity of typhoons, the heat in the tropical areas is dissipated to high latitudes, thereby compensating the heat in the cold areas. Without typhoons, the climate in the tropical areas will become hotter and hotter, while the cold areas will become colder and colder. Naturally on the earth The temperate zone will no longer exist, and many plants and animals will become extinct due to difficulty in adapting. That would be a very scary scenario.

Typhoon disaster:

Typhoon is a very destructive and disastrous weather system, but sometimes it can also play a beneficial role in eliminating drought. Its hazards mainly include three aspects:

① Strong wind. The maximum wind force near the center of a tropical cyclone reaching typhoon level is level 12 or above.

②Heavy rain. Typhoons are one of the weather systems that bring heavy rains. In areas where typhoons pass, they may produce 150 to 300 mm of rainfall. A few typhoons can directly or indirectly produce heavy rains of more than 1,000 mm, such as (indirectly) after the landing of Tropical Cyclone No. 3 in 1975. The extremely heavy rain caused by the inverted channel in southern Henan broke the rainfall record in some areas (Henan 75.8 incident).

③Storm surge. Generally, typhoons can increase the water content of coastal seawater, and the maximum water increase along the coast of Jiangsu Province can reach 3m. Typhoons "9608" and "9711" increased water levels, causing unprecedented high tide levels along the rivers and coasts of Jiangsu Province.

When typhoons pass through, they often bring violent storms and cause huge waves on the sea surface, seriously threatening navigation safety. The increased storm water caused by the typhoon landing may destroy crops, various construction facilities, etc., causing huge losses to people's lives and property. 2. Measures for disaster prevention and reduction

1. Develop emergency plans and be constantly prepared

By formulating and conducting emergency response drills at the country, province, city, district, enterprises, institutions, communities, schools, etc. contingency plans to create an orderly and prepared situation for preventing and mitigating natural disasters. The emergency plan should include the emergency organizational system and responsibilities for natural disasters, prediction and early warning, information reporting, emergency response, emergency disposal, emergency guarantee, investigation and evaluation and other mechanisms, forming a link including before, during, during and after the incident. The entire working mechanism.

2. People-oriented, disaster avoidance and reduction

People-oriented, taking the safety of public life and property as the primary task of disaster prevention and reduction, and minimizing the casualties and social impacts caused by natural disasters harm to economic development.

3. Monitoring and early warning, relying on science and technology

Adhere to the basic principle of “prevention first” in disaster prevention and reduction, put disaster monitoring, forecasting and early warning in a very prominent position, and Attach great importance to and do a good job in disseminating early warning information to the whole society, including vulnerable groups in society. Strengthening short-term and nowcasting of disastrous weather, strengthening the production of early warning signals for sudden meteorological disasters, and strengthening the release of meteorological early warning information are important scientific and technological guarantees for improving the level of disaster prevention and reduction. Modern detection methods such as new generation weather radars, automatic weather stations, mobile weather stations, and meteorological satellites have improved the ability to monitor the latest developments of typhoons in real time.

4. Disaster prevention awareness should be popularized among the people

The public is the main body of disaster prevention. To enhance the awareness of disasters and prevent them before they happen, disaster prevention and reduction requires the general public to widely enhance their awareness of disaster prevention, understand and master disaster avoidance knowledge. When a natural disaster occurs, ordinary people can know how to deal with the disaster situation, how to protect themselves and help others. Governments and social groups should organize and publicize disaster knowledge and train disaster professionals or volunteers. Relevant departments have widely publicized knowledge on prevention, avoidance, self-rescue, mutual rescue, and disaster reduction through books, newspapers, audio-visual products, electronic publications, radio, television, and the Internet to enhance the public's awareness of danger, social responsibility, self-rescue, and mutual assistance. Rescue ability.

5. Emergency mechanism, rapid response

The government and relevant departments need to establish an emergency management mechanism with "unified command, responsive response, complete functions, orderly coordination, and efficient operation". "Quick response and coordinated response" are the core of the emergency mechanism.

6. Classified disaster prevention and targeted actions

Different types of disasters have very different impacts on human life and social and economic activities, and the focus and measures of disaster prevention and reduction are also different.

For typhoon disasters, the focus is on preventing the impact of strong winds, heavy rains, and high tides on coastal ships and coastal residents. Strong fog and snow disasters have a great impact on aviation and transportation. Sandstorm disasters mainly affect air quality. . Take targeted response measures based on the characteristics of different disasters and their impact on the social economy.

7. Artificial influence helps disaster reduction

Artificial weather modification has become an important scientific and technological means for disaster reduction. Under suitable weather conditions, organizing operations such as artificial rainfall enhancement, artificial rain elimination, artificial hail prevention, and artificial fog elimination can effectively resist and reduce the impact and losses of meteorological disasters such as drought, floods, hail, and fog.

8. Risk assessment and plan ahead

Natural disaster risk refers to the degree of disaster that may be reached in the next few years and the possibility of its occurrence. Carry out disaster risk investigation, analysis and assessment, understand the occurrence patterns of different disasters in specific areas, understand the impact of various natural disaster factors on nature, society, economy and the environment, as well as the short-term and long-term changes of the impact , and take actions on this basis to reduce the risk of natural disasters and reduce the losses caused by natural disasters to the social economy and people's lives and property.

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