What are the characteristics and key points of cultivation management of Lentinus edodes in small shed and big bag?

In the large-scale cultivation of mushroom sawdust in Biyang County, Henan Province, according to the local climate characteristics of "large temperature difference in autumn and winter and low spatial humidity", the high-shed flower mushroom cultivation mode in southern Fujian and Zhejiang was transformed, and the unique "small shed and big bag" shed cultivation mode in Biyang was formed.

Pattern characteristics:

(1) Use short-lived strains, such as Cr-02, Cr-66, L-087, L-26, etc. After inoculation, the mycelium culture period can be 60-80 days, and then it can enter the mushroom production management.

(2) The larger bacterial bag is a double-layer tube bag with a diameter of 17 ~ 20cm× 55cm and a tube length of 42 ~ 45cm. Every 1000kg of wood chips, wheat bran and other auxiliary materials can be packed into 500 large bags, and the loading capacity of each tube is 2 ~ 2.5 times that of smaller bacteria tubes in the south.

(3) Build a small mushroom shed. Each mushroom shed is 9 meters long and 3 meters wide, covering an area of about 27 square meters. The two ends of the mushroom shed are surrounded by walls made of bricks and adobe, and the top is arc-shaped with a height of 2.0-2.2 meters. Each wall has an access passage with a height of1.8m and a width of 0.6-0.7m.. The roof and surroundings of the shed are covered with a wide plastic film. In the shed, a row of 4-5 layers of mushroom racks is symmetrically built with bamboo and wood, with the spacing between layers of 35-40 cm and the bottom layer off the ground 15-20 cm. Some underground heating pipes are also buried on both sides of the inlet and outlet canals, which are used for the management of temperature rise, humidity reduction and flower promotion in mushroom shed during mushroom production management.

Key points of cultivation management: The climate in Central Plains is characterized by four distinct seasons, poor humidity, large temperature difference, dry climate in autumn and winter, and low temperature in winter. "Shed" is beneficial to heat preservation in winter and humidity control in spring, "big bag" and mushroom tube are beneficial to prevent water loss in the tube and to produce mushrooms.

(1) The production of fungus cylinder and mycelium culture are packed in plastic cylinders with a thickness of 0.06 ~ 0.08 mm and a width of 23 ~ 25 cm, and each bag contains about 2 kg of dry materials. Sterilization is carried out at normal pressure, and when the temperature reaches 100℃, it is kept for 8 ~ 10 hour. Usually, there are 3 rows of inoculation per barrel, each row has 3 holes, and the hole depth is 2 cm. Inoculate each bottle (bag) with 10 bag of strains. In the process of mycelium culture, the pile shape, density, height and "perforation, ventilation and oxygenation" should be adjusted in time according to the change of temperature. The puncture time is three times before and after 20, 30 and 40 days after inoculation of hyphae, and the number of constructions of each hyphae is 65,438+00 ~ 20. With the growth of mycelium and the increase of respiration in mycelium, the diameter of perforation increases gradually. The mycelium culture cycle of short-lived strains is 60 ~ 80 days. When the temperature is high, the anti-high temperature management shall be carried out according to the summer management measures of the fungus cylinder.

(2) Promote the normal discoloration of the bacteria tube. The discoloration of the bacteria tube without bagging occurs on the surface of the culture material separated from the plastic film, and the discoloration is uneven, unlike the regular process of hyphae on the surface of the bacteria tube without bagging turning white, lodging and spitting yellow water. Normal and uniform color change is a sign of mushroom mycelium maturity. As long as the temperature is within the suitable temperature range for mycelium growth, proper ventilation should be maintained to prevent yellow water pollution, and no more special management is needed.

(3) Thermotropic Lentinus edodes is a kind of mushroom with variable temperature. Using the day-night temperature difference of natural temperature, increasing the temperature difference through artificial management, mainly closing the mushroom shed during the day and cooling it at night, can effectively promote the production of mushroom buds.

(4) Bagging and budding According to the budding situation of the mushroom tube, the selected mushroom buds are bagged and sprouted according to the principle of robustness and neatness by selecting the characteristics of the mushroom buds, so that the cap of the mushroom buds is exposed.

(5) reducing humidity, increasing light and promoting flowers. In the season when the temperature of fruiting is suitable, the natural climate in the Central Plains is dry in autumn. When the mushroom buds grow to a diameter of 65438±0.5cm, increase the ventilation in the mushroom shed to reduce the relative humidity of the space in the mushroom shed to below 70%, which is beneficial to the natural formation of flower mushrooms; When the temperature is lower than 65438 00℃ in winter, heat preservation measures should be taken to make the temperature reach the temperature where the original base occurs. When the cap of the mushroom bud grows to 2 cm, the top cover of the mushroom shed should be lifted to let the sun shine and promote the formation of the flower mushroom. When the weather is cold and humid in spring, use underground heating pipes to heat up and dehumidify. When the mushroom buds grow to a diameter of 65438±0.5cm, increase the amount of dehumidification, reduce the relative humidity of the mushroom shed to below 70%, and keep ventilation to ensure the formation of flower mushrooms. "Raising temperature to promote flowers" is a major feature of the management of "small shed and big bag" in the Central Plains. When the mushroom buds are produced, the formation rate of flower mushrooms can be greatly improved by adopting the management method of increasing temperature and reducing humidity. No matter whether the temperature is high or low, as long as the relative humidity in the mushroom shed is reduced to the extent that the mushroom can be formed, the mushroom can be formed. This shows that the key condition of mushroom formation is the relative humidity of the environment, not the temperature and other conditions. However, it is not allowed to move the coal stove directly into the mushroom shed for heating, otherwise the sulfur dioxide in the mushroom will easily exceed the standard.