When is gastrodia elata planted?

Question 1: When will Gastrodia elata be planted? Gastrodia elata cultivation is generally from late June of that year 10 to April of the following year. From the late October of1of 65438+ to the early February of 65438+, winter seeds are planted before soil freezing, and spring seeds are planted after soil thawing from March to April in spring. Sowing time in high altitude mountainous areas can be postponed until May.

Question 2: How long does it take to harvest gastrodia elata?

Under the condition of artificial cultivation, it takes about 3 years for Gastrodia elata to complete a growth cycle. Its growth process is basically like this. From June 165438+ 10 to February of the following year, gastrodia elata seeds are mature in late June, and should be sown within one week. Please note that gastrodia elata seed and hemp seed are two concepts in production. The former refers to cutting hemp into sections, growing aboveground stems with spikes on them, and pollinating tiny seeds; The latter refers to rice hemp or hemp rice, that is, gastrodia elata. Gastrodia elata germinates about 15 days after planting and sowing, and can grow into hemp seeds at 1 1 that year. After about 8- 12 months, hemp seed became an arrow hemp in this year's10-1month. In the spring and summer of the third year, the arrowhead bolts and blooms, and then forms seeds after pollination, thus completing a growth cycle.

However, in actual production, most cannabis seeds are bought and sown, and the result of this is that it becomes a growth cycle every year. Strictly speaking, this statement is wrong, but it is also possible to use it as a conventional statement in actual production. The growth period of Gastrodia elata is actually only 2 10 days (March-September), and the other is hibernation.

Question 3: When is the best time to plant Gastrodia elata? Thank you. Gastrodia elata is planted like many crops. It also has its growth laws and seasons. The planting time of Gastrodia elata is generally 1 1 month to May of the following year. But the growth of gastrodia elata is between April and 10 in the solar calendar. Growth time is about six months.

Temperature is an important factor affecting the growth and development of Gastrodia elata, which is affected not only by seasons, but also by latitude and altitude. Generally speaking, latitude increases 10, average temperature decreases by 0.5℃, altitude increases 1000m, and climate decreases by about 6.5℃. Therefore, most of the wild gastrodia elata grows in mountainous areas and has cool and moist ecological properties. In the process of artificial cultivation, we found that when the temperature of hemp layer rose above 65438 00℃, the terminal buds of gastrodia elata began to germinate and grow. When the temperature rises above 20℃, it grows rapidly; When the temperature reached 30℃, the growth of Gastrodia elata was inhibited. If it reaches 34℃, the high temperature will continue, which will lead to gastrodia elata rot and reduce production; When the temperature of hemp planting layer drops below 10℃, Tianmao Mahjong stops growing and enters a dormant state. Gastrodia elata is cold-resistant, and can safely overwinter at -3D-4℃. When the temperature drops below -5℃, Gastrodia elata will be frozen. However, in the mountainous area where the temperature changes gently, even if the temperature drops below -5℃, there will be no freezing injury. In the low mountainous area where the temperature fluctuates greatly, gastrodia elata often dies from freezing injury even if the seed layer is below -5℃. Therefore, in the process of cultivating gastrodia elata in low mountainous areas and plain areas, we must pay attention to artificially controlling the temperature and temperature difference.

Question 4: How to plant Gastrodia elata? Summary of planting techniques of gastrodia elata growers in the hometown of gastrodia elata. Specific techniques can be learned on the spot. The following is written information.

The supply of gastrodia elata seeds and Armillaria species technology for free learning.

First, the preparation and treatment of planting gastrodia elata. According to the planting instructions 1 m2 Gastrodia elata:

1, wood. A stick about 18 thick, with a diameter of 4-65438 cm (if it exceeds 8 cm, it will be split in two) and a length of 60 cm. Fresh sticks or sticks that have been cut for less than three months can be used, and each stick is cut with four oblique mouths (that is, fish scales); Except pine and fir trees, other miscellaneous trees can be used, but green bars, chestnuts, chestnut trees, fruit trees and poplars are the best.

2. Branchlets and forks. A twig with a diameter of 0.5-3 cm weighs about 4 kg.

3. The leaves are loose. Deciduous leaves of any tree species, including moss and needles (commonly known as pine wool), can be mixed together. Before use, it needs 2 kilograms to be crushed or cut into small leaves, and it can be used by soaking in water.

4. Soil quality. Mountain sand and river sand can be directly used in fields and slopes that have not been fertilized with farmyard manure. If you choose the field where crops were planted that year, you must turn it over 30 cm thick to grow gastrodia elata.

5. Strain. Armillaria mellea mycobacteria 1 kg, dig out or cut the bottom of the bottle, pour out the mycobacteria, and disperse them into individual ones for later use.

6. Types of Gastrodia elata. About 0.5 kg. 7. watering can. That is, a flowerpot.

Second, planting time and site selection. The suitable altitude in mountainous areas is 300- 1800-2600 meters. In low-altitude areas such as basins and plains, it is required to cover indoors with shade sheds, basements and caves.

Third, build boundaries. Indoor flat cultivation can be divided into side ponds with width of 80 cm, height of 20 cm and unlimited length by bricks or boards. We are shooting and editing a complete set of technical videos of the latest indoor box cultivation of Gastrodia elata, so please pay attention.

The slope boundary should be built in fields or mountains, with a depth of 10 cm, a width of 80 cm and unlimited length, which is convenient for operation. The distance between frames is 50 cm, which is convenient for digging drainage ditches and walking.

Fourth, sowing and cultivation. Place pine leaves at the bottom of the frame with a thickness of 5cm, and place thick sticks one by one with an interval of about 2cm, either horizontally or vertically, with the incision upward. Fill sand until the bark of coarse branches is flat, but it can't cover the bark of coarse branches, spray water until the sand is soaked, spread a thin layer of leaves to cover the coarse branches, sow branches at intervals of 6cm, and sow hemp seeds at intervals of 65438+. Spread loose hair until the surface of the stick is flat. Don't press too hard. The requirements are relaxed. The stick is covered with a twig fork about 3-5 cm, and the covering soil is about 15 cm thick. Leave the branch alone when it opens, it can play a role in ventilation. After the cultivation, people with water source spray a spray of water to let some sand penetrate into the twig fork, and then add some sand to keep warm and moist. The above is a single-layer planting method and a double-layer gastrodia elata planting method. Other planting procedures are the same, except that after spreading a thin layer of branches, it is not necessary to cover the branches with 15cm thick soil, just cover the branches and spray some water, and the soil layer will fall down. After filling the soil until the surface of the fork is smooth, plant another layer according to the first layer method, cover the fork, and cover the sand with 15cm thick soil. After training, it is completed.

The above is a one-step planting method. However, in the proper season, planting Armillaria gastrodia elata and then planting gastrodia elata seeds can adjust and rationally use the labor force in the leisure season and achieve the same effect.

Fifth, management is more important. 1. temperature: the outdoor growth of gastrodia elata is dominated by natural temperature, and the optimum temperature is 10-26℃ in the fungus material 30M below the soil surface, while other temperatures are dormant. In the soil layer, the short-term low temperature tolerance of Gastrodia elata is subject to the weather forecast, outdoor -30℃-33℃, indoor-10℃. Short-term high temperature resistance of 40 degrees. Therefore, in winter, the soil surface should be covered with a thin layer of weeds or dead leaves, and then covered with a layer of film, which covers more than 20 cm of weeds to keep warm, moisturize and prevent freezing. When winter goes and spring comes, when the ground temperature is stable above 10 degrees, remove the film and let the rain naturally soak and wet. Gastrodia elata planted in spring need not be covered with plastic film, but should be covered with grass to shade and moisturize.

2. Moisture content: in the year of drought and flood disasters, if it lasts for more than 20 days, it is necessary to strengthen the protection work; After half an hour of heavy rain in the waterlogging period, it is best to cover the film to let the water drain into the ditch, and the weather will open immediately, so as to preserve moisture and drain waterlogging and carry out comprehensive management. In June, July and August, Gastrodia elata enters the physiological maturity stage, and high yield can only be obtained after drought with sufficient water and water supplement 15 days. Water supplement is carried out after the ground temperature drops at sunset. Water should be controlled in September to prevent Armillaria mellea from growing too fast and digesting Gastrodia elata into empty shells and reducing production. 65438 10 to the end of April of the following year, digging and sowing can be carried out at any time.

1 m2 Gastrodia elata generally harvests 7 kg of fresh Gastrodia elata and processes 2 kg of dried Gastrodia elata. & gt

Question 5: How long does it take for Gastrodia elata to germinate after it is planted? The journey of Gastrodia elata from seed germination to the next generation needs to go through the following processes:

Seed Travel Primary Bulbs-Primary Bulbs-Secondary Bulbs-Sagittarius-Bolting-Flowering-Capsule Formation-Seed Maturation.

From early August of the first year to early April of the second year, including the winter dormancy period, it is 8 and a half months, which is the rice and hemp period of Gastrodia elata. From mid-April of the second year to early April of the third year, including the winter dormancy period, * * * is 12 months, which is the white-headed hemp period of Gastrodia elata. From the middle of April in the third year to the end of July in the fourth year, it takes three and a half months, which is the period when Gastrodia elata is unearthed, bloomed and seeded. A growth cycle of gastrodia elata takes three years.

Question 6: When will Gastrodia elata be dug, before or after flowering? Gastrodia elata is a precious Chinese herbal medicine. How to harvest and process Gastrodia elata is the most critical link to improve the quality of commercial Gastrodia elata. At the same time, Gastrodia elata has high commodity value, so it is very important to classify and store it well. The collection, processing, classification and storage methods of Gastrodia elata are introduced as follows.

First, harvest

1. Harvest season

The harvested gastrodia elata should be harvested in the dormant period when the growth of gastrodia elata stopped. Harvesting at this time is not only convenient for processing, but also conducive to timely cultivation after harvesting, with high yield and good quality of gastrodia elata. . Gastrodia elata planted in winter is propagated asexually, and it is excavated in the second year (i.e.10 ~1month) or the third year in spring. Gastrodia elata planted in spring is excavated in the winter of that year or the spring of the following year. Sexual reproduction is sown in June of the first year, and excavated in June of the second year 165438+ 10. 80% of it is commercial and 20% is hemp. Therefore, the harvest time of sexual reproduction can be determined according to the needs of production.

2. Harvest method

When harvesting gastrodia elata, be careful not to damage the hemp body (hemp mouth or tuber). First carefully peel off the topsoil, take out the bacteria and fillers on the topsoil, and then gently take out gastrodia elata, so that you can harvest layer by layer. Gastrodia elata should be classified, and commodity hemp, seed hemp and hemp rice should be placed separately. Arrow hemp and big white hemp need to be treated in time, and small white hemp and rice hemp are used as seeds. Special attention should be paid to the proper storage of seeds with small white hemp and rice hemp to avoid seed rot. The specific storage method is as follows: firstly, knead the hand into moist fine soil that can agglomerate and disperse, spread it on the flat ground with a thickness of 5 ~ 10 cm, then put the gastrodia elata seeds on it in a single layer, and then sprinkle the moist fine soil with a thickness of 5 cm on it. Be careful when placing the seeds. But the storage time should not be too long, otherwise the seeds will rot. It is best to harvest and cultivate at the same time, and prepare new fungus materials and wood segments first.

Gastrodia elata was dormant from early October of 165438+ to early April of the following year. In the meantime, Gastrodia elata can be processed into finished products for sale. Generally, harvesting and planting are used for processing, so harvesting and planting are closely linked. The harvest period is divided into winter and spring. Winter harvest is before freezing, and spring harvest is before germination after thawing (mid-April). The harvested gastrodia elata must be processed according to the following procedures:

Second, processing

Gastrodia elata will rot if it is piled up for a long time after harvesting, so it should be treated in time after harvesting. ? Gastrodia elata, if it is sold fresh, should avoid collision, knocking and mechanical scars after harvest, then gently brush off the sand on Gastrodia elata with a soft brush and put it in a soft-lined wooden box or plastic box. If it is dry hemp processing, the method is more complicated. Generally, it is cooked by water boiling or cage steaming, and then dried or dried. In actual production, cage steaming and kang drying are generally used, and the operation process is as follows: grading D cleaning D cooking D drying.

1. Gastrodia elata classification

According to the weight of gastrodia elata Bge, 50 grams, 50D99 grams, 100d 150g,15, 20 1g of gastrodia elata Bge were placed for treatment respectively, and the unqualified products such as diseased hemp and rotten hemp were removed.

According to the size of the arrow hemp, the first-grade gastrodia elata should be above 150g; Secondary gastrodia elata 70g ~150g; Grade III Gastrodia elata under 70g; Gastrodia elata is incomplete and moth-eaten.

Wash with water

Wash the sand off the hemp surface with clean water.

Rinse the graded gastrodia elata with water and cook it immediately after peeling, which is called Xuetianma or tomorrow hemp. If it is peeled, it can be boiled directly after washing. It should be noted that Gastrodia elata should not be soaked in water for a long time, otherwise it will be processed into finished products.

Rinse the above three grades of Gastrodia elata with water respectively. The washed gastrodia elata must be processed on the same day. If it is soaked in water overnight, the processed gastrodia elata will be black, which will affect the medicinal effect and commodity value.

Third, peeling

If gastrodia elata is exported or used as a gift, the epidermis should be peeled off, cooked and dried. Now after planting gastrodia elata on a large scale, the harvest is great. If all the skin is peeled, it will affect the processing progress of gastrodia elata. Moreover, it is too late to cook after peeling, and it will deteriorate and rot if it is left for too long. Therefore, it is generally not peeled except for export or special use.

After the gastrodia elata is harvested, a large and uniform gastrodia elata with red Ying Ge mouth is selected, washed, peeled, cooked (with sulfolane water), shaped, dried, fumigated with sulfur to make the color good, and then refined and processed into tomorrow hemp. Most suppliers and exporters call it the tomorrow of marijuana. Gastrodia elata and Gastrodia elata are the same variety, but the processing is divided into coarse and fine.

3. Cooking methods

Gastrodia elata is an important processing procedure of Gastrodia elata. If it is dried directly or without cooking, Gastrodia elata will shrink, be opaque and have poor color. In some areas, the steaming method is adopted, that is, gastrodia elata is washed, and according to different grades, it is steamed on a steamer for 15-30 minutes. This method is suitable for small batch processing. If the treatment capacity is large, the method of boiling is usually adopted. ......& gt& gt

Question 7: Where should Gastrodia elata be planted? 40 points are mainly distributed in Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Taiwan Province, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and * * *. Nepal, Bhutan, India, Japan, the Korean Peninsula and Siberia are also distributed. Gastrodia elata is born in sparse forest, forest clearing, forest edge and shrub edge, with an altitude of 400-3200m.

Planting method:

Breeding Miao Di

Choose moist loam or sandy loam with good air permeability and water permeability, which is loose and rich in humus, and dig holes with a depth of 35 cm and a width of 85 cm for cultivation.

When choosing land, it is best to choose raw wasteland. The pH value of the soil is 5-6. Avoid clay, waterlogging and continuous cropping. In addition, Gastrodia elata can also be planted in bomb shelters, caves, basements and other places.

Culture bed

Before planting gastrodia elata, Armillaria mellea should be cultivated first.

Generally, broad-leaved trees can be used as materials to cultivate Armillaria mellea, but oak, chestnut and Quercus variabilis are better.

seed treatment

Seed selection:

Select gastrodia elata, which was dug out that year, and remove commercial hemp. Select all hemp seeds and then screen them, and remove inferior hemp seeds such as rotten hemp and deformed hemp. Finally, gastrodia elata, which is similar in size, strong, neat in appearance, big in size, good in color and non-invasive, was determined as the hemp seed for next year.

Seed dressing:

Seed dressing with new high-fat film 10-50 times liquid to prevent disease invasion.

Dig the bottom of the pit, level it, spread a layer of broadleaf leaves and humus soil, and then put the prepared wood evenly at the bottom of the pit with a spacing of 6-8 cm, and put 6-8 pieces of wood in each nest.

When planting, the branches of Armillaria mellea are attached to the fish scales on both sides of the wood, and then the seeds of Gastrodia elata are placed on the branches of Armillaria mellea and the wood to quickly establish a nutritional relationship between them.

Divide the remaining Armillaria species into soybean-sized particles and scatter them evenly on the wood.

Fill it with humus soil or fine sand, and compact it gently, leaving no gaps.

If there are many seeds, plants and branches, you can cultivate another layer on top of the first layer. The method is as above.

Please note that the upper and lower wood is in the shape of a well. Finally, cover with fine soil about 15cm, and cover the litter to form a turtle's back, which is slightly higher than the ground and convenient for drainage.

Question 8: When will Gastrodia elata be harvested and how will the harvest time be collected?

The harvest time of gastrodia elata should be adapted to local conditions, and it cannot be generalized. The temperature in northern China dropped earlier, and Gastrodia elata began to hibernate in late June at 65438+1October. However, it is easy to freeze in winter, so it should be harvested at1early October 165438+ and stored or processed in time to prevent freezing. In southern and low-altitude areas, the winter temperature drops late, but it is not very cold. Gastrodia elata enters the hibernation period late, so it can be in 165438.

Storage method

Short-term storage: fresh gastrodia elata can be wrapped in newspaper and put into the freezer, which can keep fresh for two months.

Long-term storage: fresh gastrodia elata blume is washed with clear water immediately, and put into a steamer for steaming or boiling in water, and the cooking time is generally about 30 minutes. The middle part of Gastrodia elata is well-done, not over-cooked or under-cooked. Dry it immediately after cooking. In the drying process, when gastrodia elata is semi-dry and semi-wet, sulfur fumigation can be used to prevent mildew, generate insects and whiten it, and then dry it completely.

Harvest method

When harvesting, first remove the top soil or mulch. When approaching the growth layer of Gastrodia elata, dig slowly. Once gastrodia elata is found, dig along the place where gastrodia elata is planted. If you can take it out, take it out first. Then take out the fungus material and collect gastrodia elata. When harvesting, the rice and hemp, bald hemp and arrow hemp in the cellar should be taken out together. Because gastrodia elata has stopped growing at harvest, its vitality is low, its resistance to the outside world is poor, and it is easy to be infected with miscellaneous bacteria and rot. Therefore, in addition to preventing the tuber of Gastrodia elata from being bruised during harvesting, Gastrodia elata cannot be packed in containers containing fertilizer, salt, alkali and acid. Gastrodia elata, in particular, cannot be used as a seed. After all crops are harvested, arrowhead hemp, white-headed hemp and rice hemp are selected for seed retention, and the rest are all ready for processing.

Question 9: When is the best time to eat Gastrodia elata? Gastrodia elata, alias: Red Arrow, is a commonly used and expensive Chinese medicine, which is commonly used in clinic for headache, dizziness, numbness of limbs, infantile convulsion, epilepsy, convulsion and tetanus. Gastrodia elata used to rely on wild resources. After the successful domestication of wild gastrodia elata in 1970s, domestic gastrodia elata became the main source of commodities. This product is the dried tuber of Gastrodia elata in Orchidaceae. You can dig in spring and summer. Before the arrival of the winter solstice, diggers called it "winter hemp", and its quality was very good. Before the long summer, diggers called it "spring hemp", which was of poor quality. Clean it after excavation, scrape off the skin with a bamboo knife or chaff, steam it thoroughly, and dry it without fireworks. Some experts suggest that gastrodia elata is best eaten in summer. You can take it at any time, but it is medicine after all, and there will be some adverse reactions. Gastrodia elata has a significant effect on headache and dizziness caused by hyperactivity of liver yang, and is often taken as a "tonic". At the sight of dizziness, regardless of physical weakness, qi and blood ups and downs, and indiscriminate use of Gastrodia elata, the result may be the same adverse reaction as the above patients. The common adverse reactions of taking Gastrodia elata include dizziness, nausea, chest tightness, skin papules with itching and so on. Some people may have facial or systemic edema or even hair loss. Not only does gastrodia elata have this kind of reaction, but some people also have symptoms of allergic to gastrodia elata after taking decoction containing gastrodia elata, such as Banxia Baizhu Tianma Decoction, Tianma pills, Tianma sugar-coated tablets and other Chinese patent medicines.

The ancients had long known the side effects or contraindications of Gastrodia elata. For example, "Compendium of Materia Medica" says: "Long-term use of Gastrodia elata will give off red lead all over the body." "Ben Feng Jingyuan" also said: "Gastrodia elata is not dry, after all, there is no wind due to blood deficiency, and it is not suitable for people with excessive internal heat, headache and dry mouth." Luo, a famous doctor in the Qing Dynasty, even bluntly said: "Those who have less blood failure and are not really stroke are forbidden." Modern pharmacological experiments show that gastrodia elata has certain toxic and side effects. The poisoning dose of gastrodia elata is more than 40 grams, and the incubation period is 1 ~ 6 hours.