What are the knowledge points that must be memorized in the first volume of geography in grade eight?

I've sorted out some eighth grade ones. Let's have a look.

knowledge points of eighth grade geography

1. The general characteristics of China's topography are: high in the west and low in the east, with a three-step distribution

2. Mountains, plateaus and basins are the main parts in the west, and plains and hills are the main parts in the east.

3. Find out the boundary of the three steps in the topographic map of China:

1) The boundary of the first and second steps: Hengduan Mountain in the Qilian Mountains of Kunlun Mountains

2) The boundary of the second and third steps: Xuefeng Mountain in Wushan Mountain, Taihang Mountain, Daxing 'anling

4. The first step: the average elevation is more than 4, meters, and the terrain is mainly the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, which is called the roof of the world <

6. the third step: the average elevation is mostly below 5 meters, and the terrain is mainly plains and hills.

7. China's terrain features: the terrain is complex and diverse; The mountainous area is vast. There are mountains (33%), plateaus (26%), basins (19%), plains (12%) and hills (1%)

8. At present, there are 34 provincial administrative units in China, including 23 provinces, 5 autonomous regions, 4 municipalities directly under the central government and 2 special administrative regions.

9. Two lakes and two rivers and mountains, Hunan and Hubei; Guangdong, Guangxi; Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi

Five Rivers, Two Ning, Green, Shaanxi, Gansu, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Xinjiang, Heilongjiang, Zhejiang; Ningxia, Liaoning; Qinghai, Shaanxi, Gansu

Yunnan, Guizhou, Tibet, Sichuan, Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin

Taiwan Strait, Fujian, Taiwan Province, Hainan, Jilin, Anhui

Hong Kong and Macao, rivers and mountains, Hong Kong and Macao

1. China's total population is 1.34 billion, accounting for about 1% of the world's population.

11. In order to control the population and improve the quality of the population, China regards family planning as a basic national policy.

12. The population density in the eastern part of China is high, while that in the western part is low. If a straight line is drawn from Heihe in Heilongjiang to Tengchong in Yunnan, the population in the southeast is dense and the population in the northwest is sparse.

13. There are 56 ethnic groups in China, with the largest population of Han nationality, accounting for about 92% of the total population.

14. There are 55 ethnic minorities in China, of which the Zhuang nationality has the largest population.

15. China's ethnic minorities are mainly distributed in the southwest, northwest and northeast. The climate is diverse and the monsoon is remarkable

1. The temperature difference between the north and the south < P > 1. The characteristics of winter temperature distribution: the temperature difference between the north and the south is great in winter, and it is cold in the north and warm in the south, and the farther north it is, the lower the temperature is. Reasons: mainly affected by latitude, the north gets less solar heat and the temperature is lower than the south; Winter winds aggravate the severe cold in the north of China, while the south is less affected by the blocking of mountains.

January ℃ isotherm: it is roughly distributed along the Qinling-Huaihe line.

(2) Characteristics of temperature distribution in summer: In summer, except the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and other areas, the temperature is generally high in the whole country, and there is little difference between the north and the south in most places. Reason: Mainly affected by latitude, the solar heat obtained by the north and the south is similar.

(3) The coldest place in winter in China: Mohe Town, Heilongjiang Province; Hottest place in summer: Turpan in X Xinjiang.

(4) division of temperature zones in China: ① basis: a, the reality of agricultural production; B, the daily average temperature in the duration of ≥1℃ is accumulated, and the total temperature obtained is called active accumulated temperature, which is the main indicator for dividing temperature zones. ② Five temperature zones and a plateau climate zone. (Figure 2.15 in P33)

Temperate zone, temperate zone, temperate zone, subtropical plateau climate zone

Crops are cooked once a year, once a year, twice a year, twice a year, twice a year, three times a year, and once a year.

2. The difference between dry and wet conditions in the east and west

(1) The general trend of annual precipitation distribution is decreasing from the southeast coast to the northwest inland.

(2) that place with the most precipitation in China is Huoshaoliao in Taiwan Province province; The least place is Toksun in Turpan Basin in X-Xinjiang.

(3) According to the contrast between precipitation and evaporation, it can be divided into four types of dry and wet areas. (Figures 2 and 17 in P36)

Wet area, semi-humid area, semi-arid area and arid area

Dry and wet precipitation >; Evaporation and precipitation > Evaporation and precipitation < Evaporation and precipitation < Evaporation

Vegetation forest, grassland and grassland are desert

3. Climate characteristics in China

(1) Monsoon climate is remarkable: (1) Monsoon: Monsoon refers to the wind whose direction changes with the seasons. ② The cause of monsoon: The thermal difference between land and sea is the main reason for the formation of monsoon in China. ③ Characteristics of monsoon climate: northerly winds blow in winter, and it is cold and dry; The southerly wind blows in summer, which is warm and humid. (4) Monsoon area and non-monsoon area: the area obviously affected by summer monsoon is called monsoon area; Areas that are not obviously affected by the summer monsoon are called non-monsoon areas. Its dividing line: Daxinganling-Yinshan-Helan Mountain. (Figure 2.21 in P39) ⑤ The difference between monsoon region and non-monsoon region: the monsoon region is rich in precipitation, mainly concentrated in summer; In non-monsoon areas, summer monsoon is difficult to reach, precipitation is scarce, and it is dry all year round. ⑥ The main precipitation form in eastern China: frontal rain.

(2) The climate is complex and diverse (Figure 2.26 in P42) (1) East: tropical monsoon climate, subtropical monsoon climate and temperate monsoon climate. ② Northwest: temperate continental climate. ③ Southwest (Qinghai-Tibet Plateau): Plateau and mountainous climate.

4, the influence of China's climate (1) The climate is complex and diverse, which is conducive to the development of a variety of agricultural economies and makes China extremely rich in crops and various animal and plant resources. ⑵ The most prominent climate feature in monsoon region is the same period of rain and heat. When there is the most precipitation, the temperature is also the highest. At this time, it is also the growth period of crops, and the combination of rain and heat provides favorable conditions for crop growth.

(3) It is easy to bring all kinds of disastrous weather. The winter wind activity is strong, and a cold wave will break out; The instability of summer monsoon activities will also lead to floods and droughts.

major disastrous weather: mainly cold wave, typhoon, drought, flood, etc. Among them, flood and drought disasters are the most common and widely distributed climatic disasters that have the greatest impact on China's agricultural production.

The above information is about some geographical knowledge points, and I hope it will help you.