How to plant cantaloupe

If you can eat the ripe cantaloupe in the producing area, its seeds will be better. Plus, it is suitable for the local climate and looks good. The farther away from the producing area of cantaloupe, the worse. The melon you eat is not ripe (it will rot when cooked). Although melon seeds will germinate, the seedlings will not grow strong, and the soil, water and climate are not satisfied, and they will certainly not grow well. I hope you are not far from the origin of cantaloupe, and you can realize your wish. Cultivation techniques of cantaloupe. Preparation before broadcasting 1. Land Selection and Land Preparation It is best to choose fallow land or abandoned wasteland in Gua Tian. The land rotation cycle of melon planting is more than five years, and it is appropriate to take grain crops as the first crop. Crops of Cucurbitaceae, Leguminosae and Solanaceae are prohibited around Gua Tian. Gua Tian should choose soil with medium fertility or above. The soil texture is loam or sandy loam. Soil organic matter content is above 1.0%, available phosphorus content is 10 ppm, available potassium content is 150 ppm, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen is 50ppm, total salt content is about 0.5%, and soil ph value is between 7 and 8. In Gua Tian, it is best to plough underground and in autumn, with a depth of more than 25 cm, and irrigate in winter to help suppress alkali and ripen soil and eliminate weeds and overwintering pests. 2. Apply base fertilizer. After the melons are opened in spring, draw a ditch line along the contour line of Gua Tian, with a ditch distance of 4-4.5 meters and a ditch length of no more than 30 meters; Fertilization beds are opened 60 cm away from both sides of the center line of the melon beds, and the depth of the beds is more than 25 cm. 2000 kg of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu, and an appropriate amount of chemical fertilizer is added. The dosage of chemical fertilizer is 20 kg of ammonium nitrate, 25 kg of superphosphate or 20 kg of diammonium phosphate. After the fertilizer is applied into the ditch, it is mixed with the soil and stirred evenly. Digging ditches along the center line of the melon ditch, with a depth of 0.5-0.6m, an upper mouth width of 0.9- 1m and a bottom width of about 30cm. Guagou should be flat and straight, consistent with the waterline, and there should be no large clods or plant roots. 3. Irrigation before sowing, 5-7 days before sowing. Irrigation before sowing is the key to ensure that the seedlings are neat and complete, so it must be watered thoroughly. Generally more than 80 cubic meters/mu. 4. Cover with plastic film. Select 70-90 cm wide transparent film or silver-gray film to cover both sides of melon ditch and spread it along the ditch wall, with a distance of 10 cm from the ditch bottom. It is required that the plastic film should be close to the ground and ditch wall, and should be flattened, compacted and compacted. Generally, the film is laid first and then broadcast. In order to avoid the harm of late frost, we can dig holes in the peritoneum to sow, but we should break the membrane in time to liberate the seedlings. Otherwise, it is appropriate to cause the burning seedlings to be short of plants. 5. Xinmiza No.7 (860 1), Xinmi 1 1 (86- 1), Xinmi 13 (new queen) and Xinmi 15 (fragrant honey) should be selected for breeding improved varieties. 6. Before seed treatment and sowing, do a good job in seed selection, the purity of varieties and the germination rate of seeds should be above 95%, soak the seeds in 200 times formalin for 2 hours, and then rinse them with clear water for 2-3 times. In areas where viral diseases occur seriously, seeds can be seeded with 2% trisodium phosphate aqueous solution or sterilized by dry heat, that is, treated at 40℃ for 24 hours, then dried at 70℃ for 5 days, and then germinated and sowed. In order to prevent underground pests, after the above-mentioned seeds are treated, 50% Zn-P emulsifiable concentrate with times of 100 can be evenly sprayed on the seeds, and the seeds can be sown after being stored in the shade for 1-2 hours. Second, sow in time. Generally, the seeds should be sown after late frost, and the ground temperature below the soil surface 10 cm is stable at around 14℃. Gua Tian with film mulching can be sown around April 20th, and sowing date can be appropriately postponed without film mulching. The sowing date of winter melon ready for storage can be postponed to around May 20th. Sowing methods can be drilling holes, hole sowing, along the watermark line of melon ditch, and manual digging holes, and the hole spacing depends on the maturity of varieties. The spacing between single vine and whole plant of early and middle maturity varieties is 0.45 m, and the spacing between double vine and whole plant of middle and late maturity varieties is 0.6 m. The sowing depth depends on the difference of soil texture and soil moisture. The soil is sandy and the water content is insufficient, so you can sow it deeply and cover it with a little thick soil. The soil is thick, with good water content, shallow sowing and thin covering. Generally, the sowing depth is 3-4 cm. Sow 2-3 seeds per hole. 3. In order to cultivate cantaloupe in a small arch shed in the greenhouse protection area, it is necessary to carry out preliminary land preparation, ditching, base fertilizer application, irrigation and film laying before closing the shed. 1. Choose the materials of the arch shed in advance. The material of the arch shed can be bamboo, bamboo pole and cold drawing, but the bamboo arch shed has the best effect. The width of bamboo chips is about 2-4 cm and the length is 250-280 cm. Before use, both ends should be sharpened so as to be inserted into the ground. 2. Buy plastic for the arched shed, with a plastic width of 220cm. The arches are connected by hemp rope and plastic rope, and the distance between the arches is about 150 cm. 3. The height of the arched shed is about 100 cm, which is convenient for workers to operate inside. After the arch is arched, it can be covered with plastic, and the plastic must be flat to ensure good light transmission. After plastic covering, tamp both sides with soil and fix the arch shed with hemp rope or plastic rope to prevent strong wind from damaging the arch shed. 4. Keep the air fresh in time to ensure the normal growth of melon seedlings. The length of fresh air time and the size of air outlet depend on the temperature outside the shed. When the temperature in the shed reaches 35℃, fresh air should be released from both ends of the arched shed first, and then slowly released from both sides with the increase of the temperature outside the shed. Fresh air should not be too fast or too fast, so as not to cause melon seedlings to wither or lose water, thus inhibiting the growth of melon seedlings. The tuyeres are from small to large, from one tuyere to multiple tuyeres, and adaptive exercise is carried out at seedling stage. When the temperature inside the shed is the same as that outside the shed, all the plastics in the arched shed can be removed, so that cantaloupe can stretch normally, bear fruit early and be put on the market early. Iv. site management 1. Check replanted seedlings. Generally, seedlings can emerge 5-7 days after sowing, and seedlings should be inspected and replanted immediately within 3 days after emergence. The replanted seeds should be disinfected, then soaked to accelerate germination, and the seeds can be replanted when they turn white. 2. Fixed-distance seedling: When 1-2 leaves are true, start thinning seedlings and leave 2 seedlings in each hole. Pay attention to the elimination of weak seedlings when thinning seedlings. 4-5 true leaves will become seedlings, and healthy seedlings 1 plant will be left in each hole. If the sowing is accurate, in the case of four real leaves, the thinning and fixing of seedlings can be completed at one time. 3. intertillage weeding intertillage can improve the ground temperature, preserve soil moisture and eradicate weeds. In Gua Tian, which is not covered with plastic film, after the seedlings come out, the soil around the seedlings can be loosened and ridged by hand shovel, combined with weeding. The depth of intertillage is more than 20 cm, intertillage and weed for 2-3 times before the seedlings stretch, combine intertillage, pull out weeds around the sowing holes, and seal the holes at any time. When 4.5-6 true leaves are inverted, the vines are inverted. When the vines are inverted, gently peel off the soil near the edge of the rhizome to make it a small groove with a depth of 5-7 cm, then pour the melon vines into the groove conveniently and smooth the 1 and 2 lateral vines at the base of the stem. At the same time, cultivate 10-20 cm loose dry soil at the base of rhizome. 5. The pruning, pruning and melon protection of cantaloupe depends on the variety. For early and middle maturity varieties, such as Redmi Bao, Hongtaihua, Xinmi 15 (fragrant honey) and Xinmi 13 (new queen), the single vine pruning method can be used; Mid-and late-maturing varieties, such as Xinmiza No.7 (860 1), Xinmi1(86-1), Xinmi No.23 (Jinmibao), etc. , trimmed by double vines. The specific pruning method can be determined according to the local melon planting habits. Pruning of single vine: the main vine (first-grade vine) is not topped, and the lateral buds of the 1-4 th leaf (second-grade vine) at the base are smoothed. After the fifth day of the main vine, if there are no female flowers or vines with female flowers but no melons, you can leave 1 leaf for topping, and the vines with female flowers leave 2 leaves. Guajie is best left in the 6-7 th section of the vine. Two-vine pruning: when the seedlings grow to 4-5 true leaves, core the main vine, wipe off the lateral buds of the 1-2 leaf at the base, leave two secondary vines in the 3rd-4th section, and wipe off the rest. After the sun vine (the third vine) grows, there are no female flowers to wipe. If there are female flowers, remove the cores of two true leaves, leaving the grandson with melon festival in section 2-3. When the young melon grows to the size of an egg, you can stop pruning. You can press vines with clods or branches crossing, and press vines with clods. First of all, you should draw a small groove in the soil that presses the vines, so that it is convenient to put the melons in the small groove and press the clods. During the whole growth period, press the vines for 2-3 times until the ridges are closed. 6. Top dressing and plastic film mulching cultivation in Gua Tian generally do not use organic fertilizer. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, you can use some cake fertilizer or chemical fertilizer for topdressing. Topdressing must be carried out before female flowers bloom. Dig a pit between two melon seedlings, 20 cm below the ditch edge, and topdressing 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 5 kg of urea and oil residue 150 kg per mu. After the first fruit harvest, the second topdressing can be carried out, and the topdressing outside the root can be (1) 200g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 300g of urea, respectively, to prepare two thousandths and three thousandths of solutions, and (2) 30g of fulvic acid, to prepare three thousandths to five thousandths of solutions. (3) Spray 5 ml of water and add 50 kg of water. Spray the above solution evenly on the leaves in the morning and evening. 7. Irrigation times and irrigation amount vary with soil quality, melon ditch size and groundwater level. Under the condition of maintaining a certain soil temperature at seedling stage, water control and squatting are appropriate to help seedlings take root. Generally, irrigation at seedling stage is 1-2 times, and the field capacity is 65%. Generally, melons cultivated with plastic film don't need irrigation before the male flowers bloom, but they need irrigation for the first time at the initial flowering stage, 2-3 times at the flowering and fruit-setting stage, with 80% field water capacity and more water demand at the fruit expansion stage. The temperature is high at this time. In order to reduce the occurrence of late blight, it is necessary to avoid watering at noon and water less. The suitable watering depth is 1/2- 1/3, and the fruit is watered 1-2 times when it is ripe. The suitable irrigation depth is 1/2, and the field capacity is 55%. Well water irrigation is suitable for Gua Tian, which requires single furrow irrigation instead of serial irrigation, and flood irrigation and serial irrigation are prohibited. 8 pest control should implement the policy of "prevention first, comprehensive prevention". On the basis of mastering the occurrence law of existing pests and diseases, understand and master the relationship between pests and diseases, crops and environmental conditions. By changing ecological conditions and taking comprehensive control measures, the occurrence of pests and diseases can be suppressed, and the harm can be reduced or controlled. On the basis of seriously implementing the above measures, we should also cooperate with the chemical defense standards for prevention and control. 9. Timely harvesting is the key link to ensure the quality of commercial melons. When harvesting, the sugar content in the center of commercial melon must reach above 65,438+03%. When harvesting, you must handle it with care to minimize mechanical damage. When harvesting, leave 1.5-2 cm long fruit stalks, and the melon piles should be shaded to avoid sun exposure and reduce losses. It is strictly forbidden to put raw melons and rotten melons on the market.