Small Watermelon Planting Technology Video

Small watermelon is delicious and sweet. It is a high-grade gift melon in summer and is very popular among the public. So how should Xiaoxi be planted? The following is a video of small watermelon planting technology that I carefully arranged for you. Let's take a look.

video of small watermelon planting technology

1. Growth characteristics of small watermelon

1.1 The seedlings are weak, and the growth in the early stage is poor. The seeds of small watermelon are small, with a 1-grain weight of 3.8-37.5 g, and the seeds have less storage nutrients, weak emergence, small cotyledons, thin hypocotyls and weak growth, which are more likely to affect the seedlings, especially when the seedlings are planted in low temperature and low light. This will affect the flower bud differentiation process of female and male flowers, which is embodied in the small ovary of female flowers, incomplete and abnormal development of male flowers in the early stage, abnormal stamens, less pollen, or even no pollen, which makes it difficult to carry out and complete the pollination, fertilization and fruit development process normally. If the seedlings are planted in unfavorable climatic conditions, the plant growth in seedling stage and vine extension stage is still weak. Once the climate improves, the plant growth will return to normal, and the small watermelon has strong branching, female flowers appear earlier, high planting density, easy fruit setting, more vines and more fruits; If you can't set fruit in time, it is easy to be vain and delay childbirth.

1.2 Small watermelon has a small fruit shape and a short fruit development cycle. Generally, the weight of a single watermelon is 1.-2.kg, and the fruit development cycle is short. It only takes more than 2 days for the female flower to bloom until the fruit matures at a suitable temperature (25-3℃), which is 7-1 days earlier than that of ordinary early-maturing watermelon varieties. Under the cultivation conditions of early sowing and early maturity, the number of days needed for small watermelon is longer, the first-crop melon (harvested in mid-May) takes about 4 days, the second-crop melon with slightly higher temperature (harvested in mid-June) takes about 3 days, and the subsequent temperature is even higher, only 22-23 days. Small watermelon has a thin peel, and it is easy to crack when there is more fertilizer and water, the plant grows too vigorously, or the water and nutrients are uneven.

1.3 that vegetative growth of watermelon sensitive to fertilize is closely related to the amount of fertilize applied, especially sensitive to nitrogen fertilizer, and too much nitrogen fertilizer is more likely to cause excessive vegetative growth of plants and affect fruit set. Therefore, the fertilization amount of base fertilizer should be reduced by 3% compared with that of ordinary watermelon, and the grafted seedlings of small watermelon can be reduced by about 5%. Because of the small fruit shape and small nutrient input capacity, multi-vine and multi-fruit cultivation is often used, which has little effect on the fruit size.

1.4 The periodicity of fruit is not obvious. Due to the double influence of its own growth characteristics and bad cultivation conditions, the early growth of watermelon is poor. For example, if fruit is set naturally too early, the fruit is very small due to the limitation of assimilation area, and it is easy to drop seedlings, which seriously affects the vegetative growth of the plant. With the development of growth period and the improvement of temperature conditions, the growth of plants is restored, and it is easier to cause vain growth if fruit cannot be set in time. Therefore, in the early stage of growth, on the one hand, it is necessary to prevent weak vegetative growth, and at the same time, it is necessary to set fruit in time to prevent vain growth. After normal fruit setting, the cause and effect are small, and the fruit development cycle is short, which has little influence on the plant's own nutritional growth, so it has strong ability to bear fruit continuously and can bear fruit in multiple crops. Similarly, the fruit growth has little influence on the plant's nutritional growth. This self-regulation ability is very beneficial to multi-vine, multi-crop cultivation and overcoming fruit cracking, so the fruit periodicity of small watermelon is not as obvious as that of ordinary watermelon.

2 There are many varieties of small watermelons, which have been introduced from Japan, Taiwan Province Province and South Korea. In recent years, a number of varieties have been cultivated by relevant domestic units, and their production performance, fruit characters and quality are close to those of imported varieties. Now, several varieties which are widely used at present are introduced for reference in selecting. 2.1 A new hybrid variety of Hongxiaoyu bred by Hunan Melon Research Institute. It has strong growth potential and can bear fruit continuously. The fruit shape is slightly larger. The weight of a single melon is about 2.Kg, and one plant can bear 3 ~ 5 melons. The fruit is round, with green stripes, beautiful appearance, thin skin, red flesh, sugar content above 13%, fine flesh, no residue and few seeds. It takes about 35 days from female flower opening to fruit ripening. This variety won the New Variety Award at the 12th Watermelon Festival in Daxing County, Beijing in 1999. At present, it has a certain cultivation area in Nanhui County of Shanghai and Jiashan County of Zhejiang Province.

2.2 A new hybrid variety bred by Hefei Huaxia Watermelon and Melon Research Institute in Spring. The fruit is oval, bright green and covered with thin strips. The weight of a single melon is 2. ~ 2.5 kg. The fruit is round, not deformed or hollow, with pink flesh, tender meat, 13% sugar content, small gradient and excellent flavor. The peel is thin, only 2 ~ 3 mm, elastic, not easy to crack and good storage and transportation resistance. The plant grows steadily, has good elongation at low temperature, and has normal differentiation of female and male flowers under bad conditions in early spring, good fruit setting and easy cultivation. Female flowers bloom for about 35 days in the early stage of fruit ripening and about 3 days in the middle stage. At present, they are cultivated in a large area in Shanghai suburbs and Jiashan County, Zhejiang Province.

2.3 A new hybrid variety bred by Hefei Huaxia Watermelon and Melon Research Institute in Yangchun. The fruit is round, the skin is green and covered with dark green stripes, the appearance is beautiful, the flesh is golden yellow and bright, the meat is tender and refreshing, the sugar content in the center is 12%-13%, the gradient is small, the flavor is good and the quality is excellent. The plant is strong in growth, disease-resistant and stress-resistant. It grows normally in low temperature and weak light, and is easy to set fruit. There are many fruits per plant, and the weight of a single melon is about 2kg, which is very early, so it is suitable for early maturity and mulching cultivation in greenhouse.

2.4 Huang Xiaoyu h, a new hybrid variety bred by Hunan Melon Research Institute. The fruit is round, and the weight of a single melon is about 2kg. The peel is about 3mm thick, the fruit does not crack, the flesh is slightly golden yellow, the sugar content is 12% ~ 13%, the meat is fine, the fiber is few, the seeds are few, and the quality is excellent. Strong disease resistance, easy fruit setting, extremely early maturity, female flowers open until the fruit matures for about 26 days.

2.5 A new hybrid variety bred by Texiaofeng Taiwan Province Nongyou Seedling Company. Very early-maturing small fruit variety, the fruit is round to round, the fruit shape is neat, with dark green stripes, the flesh is crystal yellow, the meat is tender, crisp, sweet and juicy, the sugar content is about 12%, the fruit shape is neat, the skin is thin and the fruit is easy to crack. Low temperature tolerance, suitable for autumn, winter and spring cultivation, high yield, generally 667m2 yield of 14Kg.

2.6 early spring ruby is a hybrid variety introduced from Japan. It was introduced in 1996 and recognized by Zhejiang Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2. This variety grows steadily, is resistant to low temperature and weak light, and is suitable for greenhouse cultivation in early spring. Very early maturity, the first female flower appeared in the 5 ~ 6 nodes of the main vine, which was densely planted and matured at the normal temperature of 22 ~ 25℃ after flowering. The fruit is round to high round, the weight of a single melon is 1.5～2. kg, the skin is dark green with dark green bands, and the skin is about 3mm thin, which is not resistant to storage and transportation. The pulp is yellow, fine and slag-free, with a sugar content of more than 12% in the center, excellent taste and high yield, generally about 2Kg in 667m2.

2.7 The first hybrid variety bred by Taiwan Province Nongyou Seedling Company, a black beauty, was recognized by Zhejiang Crop Variety Approval Committee in 2. Strong growth, disease resistance, moisture tolerance, and outstanding cultivation performance in summer. Very early maturity, the first female flower appears in the 6 ~ 7 nodes of the main vine, and the female flower is densely planted. It takes only 22 days to bloom in summer and autumn until the fruit matures. The fruit is oval in shape, with black skin with inconspicuous bands. The weight of a single melon is 2 ~ 3 kg, and the skin is thin and tough, which is extremely resistant to storage and transportation. The pulp is bright red, and the sugar content in the center is 12%, up to 14%, and the gradient is small. It is most suitable for summer and autumn cultivation. Other cultivated varieties include Xiaolan (Taiwan Province Nongyou Seedling Company), Nabit (Korea), Little Angel (Hefei Fengle Seed Industry Co., Ltd.), Xiaoyu (Guangzhou Xieli Horticulture Research Institute), Huajing No.5 (Watermelon Association of Mengjin County, Henan Province) and Qiaomeiren (Vegetable Seedling Center of Hebei Province).

3 types, structure and performance of protective facilities in order to prevent small watermelons from cracking, they must be cultivated under the protection of facilities, commonly used for plastic film cultivation in greenhouses (middle sheds) and small arch sheds.

3.1 In the south of the large (middle) shed and the Jianghuai area, the shed spans 4 ~ 6m, is 1.7～1.8m high and 3m long, and is small in the north-south direction, which actually belongs to the middle shed. It is characterized by poor heat preservation, but rapid temperature rise, which is beneficial to crop growth. In the early growth stage, the temperature is low, so in order to improve the thermal insulation performance, multi-layer mulching is often used, that is, three arches and four mulching (with two layers of film inside, grass cover outside and plastic film on the ground), and air layer insulation is used to improve the thermal insulation performance. It is observed that each additional film can raise the temperature by 1 ~ 3℃. The suitable span of shed in vertical frame cultivation is 6m, the height is 2m, and the shoulder height is 1.2m, so as to meet the extension of bracket and melon vine; At the same time, in order to increase strength and wind resistance, double-row column shed should be used instead.

3.2 The span of common watermelon covered with double film in shed (small arch+plastic film) is only 1.2～1.3m, and it is semi-covered cultivation with plastic film in the early stage and shed in the middle and late stage. However, for small watermelon, the span of arch shed should be increased to 1.8～2.m, and the shed should not be dismantled for rain protection in the early stage of heat preservation. The temperature covered by the shed changes greatly. After planting, a simple shed with a width of about 6 ~ 8 cm should still be set in the shed to increase the temperature by covering it with double films.

4 In the cultivation season, small watermelon grows rapidly and its fruit matures early, so it can be cultivated for several crops under the condition of protected facilities. Its cultivation methods can be divided into early-maturing cultivation in greenhouse in winter and spring, cultivation in greenhouse in spring, cultivation in summer and cultivation in autumn. The seasonal arrangement of different cultivation methods is as follows:

4.1 Early-maturing cultivation in greenhouse in winter and spring is the main cultivation method of small watermelon. The suitable sowing date is from late January to early February, and from late February to early March, which can make full use of the favorable climatic conditions from March to May. Harvest began in mid-May, with long growth and fruiting period, multiple crops and high yield.

4.2 in spring, seedlings are planted in the shed in the middle and late February, planted in the arch shed in the middle and late March, protected from cold and heat in the early stage, and harvested in the middle and early June, with low cost.

4.3 summer cultivation One crop of small watermelons can be cultivated in greenhouse during the summer high temperature leisure period. Seeding at the end of May, seedling age is 1 ~ 15 days, planting in greenhouse in mid-June, and harvesting in mid-August. Summer cultivation is in high temperature and drought period, and diseases and insect pests such as virus disease, mites and aphids are seriously harmed. Therefore, the skirt film should be removed and covered with sunshade net to shade, ventilate and cool down, and grass should be covered on the ground to reduce soil temperature and increase soil temperature and humidity, and pesticides should be used to prevent and control diseases and insect pests in time.

4.4 Autumn cultivation The growing season in autumn and early winter is long, and it is still in the high temperature stage in the early stage, and the temperature is low in the later stage, so it is necessary to cover the film to increase the temperature. According to the sowing season, it can be divided into early autumn cultivation and autumn cultivation. Early autumn cultivation should be sown in the first half of July, planted in late July to early August, and harvested from late September to "National Day" festival. Planting in autumn, sowing in the middle and late August, planting in the middle and early September, and harvesting around New Year's Day. The sowing date of small watermelon cultivation in summer and autumn is not strict.

Key points of cultivation techniques for small watermelons

1. Select excellent varieties

At present, there are not many varieties of small watermelons on the market. The domestic varieties mainly include Huami Zhangzhongbao and Huami Elf, and the imported varieties mainly include Japanese Taixiaofeng, early spring Ruby and Black Beauty.

2 Determine the cultivation season

Because of the short growth period, small watermelons can be cultivated in multiple seasons a year. At present, in order to obtain higher economic benefits, early-maturing cultivation and autumn-delayed cultivation are mostly used in production. The specific cultivation season can be determined according to the local temperature, light and heat resources and protection facilities. For example, solar greenhouse cultivation in Shandong can be planted in late December, planted in early February and harvested in late April; Multi-layer mulching cultivation in plastic greenhouse is planted from late January to early February, planted from late February to early March, and listed in mid-May; Greenhouse cultivation in the south of Huaihe River can be planted in the first half of February, planted in the middle of March and harvested in the middle and late May. Autumn delayed cultivation can be planted in the middle and late July, planted in early August, and listed around the National Day and Mid-Autumn Festival.

3. Seeding and seedling raising

Nursery seedlings should be raised in nutrient pots, the diameter of which should not be less than 8cm. Nutritious soil can only be used after composting, reaching the standards of rich organic matter, water and fertilizer conservation. Cultivation and seedling raising in early spring In the severe cold season, double-shed heating hotline should be used to raise seedlings, and the power of 8-1 W should be guaranteed in 1 square meter. Seeds should be aired for 1 day before sowing to improve the germination rate of seeds. Small watermelon seeds are small, with a 1-grain weight of 3--4g and a thin seed coat, so the soaking time should not be too long. Scald the seeds with warm water at 55℃, naturally cool them, soak them for 2-3h, and then wash the mucus on the surface of the seeds with clear water and dry the water. When accelerating germination, germinate at high temperature (33-35℃) and then accelerate germination at 28-3℃. Before sowing, the nutrient soil in the nutrient bowl is poured with bottom water, and the seeds are sown in sunny days. Early-maturing cultivation should be covered with plastic film and warmed at the same time. When most seeds are unearthed, the film should be uncovered to keep the temperature at about 25℃ during the day and 18℃ at night to prevent the emergence of tall seedlings. After the first true leaf is unfolded, the temperature should be properly increased to promote the growth of seedlings. 5-7 days before transplanting, let out the air and harden the seedlings to get ready for transplanting. The average seedling age is 3--35d. Cultivation is delayed in autumn, and the seedling stage is the high temperature period, so it is necessary to shade, cool and moisturize. At this stage, the seeds germinate quickly, the seedlings grow quickly, and the seedling age should not be too large, generally about 1 days is appropriate.

4 field planting

The field planted should be a field with low groundwater level, convenient irrigation and drainage, soft soil and no melon crops planted for more than three years. Sufficient base fertilizer should be applied before planting, but the amount of fertilizer applied is only 7% of that of ordinary watermelon. Generally, before winter, the frozen embankment is deeply turned, and before planting, 15-2 kg/667 square meters of decomposed organic fertilizer and 25kg/667 square meters of calcium superphosphate are sprinkled, and then the fields are turned over, and 3-4 kg/667 square meters of ternary compound fertilizer is applied in furrow after border planting. When planting in early spring, the soil temperature should be stable above 15℃ and the temperature above 12℃, and it should be done in sunny days. Summer planting should be carried out in the evening, and root injury should be avoided as far as possible.

The middle border is 8cm wide, planted in two rows, and the border on both sides is 12--15cm wide, planted in one row, with a plant spacing of 35--4cm, and pruned with double vines, with 15-18 plants /667 square meters. Climbing cultivation bed width is 2--22cm, plant spacing is 35--4cm, three vines are pruned, and 7-75 plants are planted/667m2; If the plant spacing is 6cm and four vines are used for pruning, 5-55 plants /667 square meters can be planted.

5 field management

5.1 temperature and light management

In the early stage of early-maturing cultivation, the temperature in the greenhouse is kept at 25-3℃ during the day, and the temperature is kept above 15℃ by multi-layer mulching at night. When the outside temperature rises, pay attention to the fresh air during the day to avoid the high temperature of the shed, which is generally controlled at 3-32℃. When the humidity in the shed is too high, it should be ventilated to reduce the humidity. Ventilation should be gradually increased from small to large to avoid seedlings? A cold? . In rainy days, the shed should be closed to keep warm and prevent the humidity in the shed from increasing. After planting in autumn, it is mainly to protect the sun from exposure and cool down, and at the same time, it is necessary to prevent drought and moisture to promote the growth of seedlings. After the seedlings are alive, the sunshade can be removed and allowed to grow naturally.

5.2 fertilizer and water management

in the early growth stage of early-maturing cultivation, in the case of applying sole fertilizer and watering sole, in principle, no fertilization and watering are required. If the performance is lack of fertilizer and water, it can be combined with the right amount of water to chase the fertilizer once. Because of the dry weather, autumn cultivation is prone to drought and water shortage, so water should be replenished in time to conserve moisture. During the fruit expansion period, the fertilizer should be properly applied once, mainly compound fertilizer, and 35-4kg/667m2 ternary compound fertilizer can be applied. 5-7 before harvest