Variation of geographical temperature

The following is the change of geographical temperature:

I. Temporal and spatial variation of temperature

Daily change:

1, daily maximum/minimum temperature: the maximum temperature appears around 2 pm and the minimum temperature appears around sunrise;

2. Temperature difference between day and night: The temperature difference between day and night refers to the difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in a day. Generally speaking, continental climate zone >; Marine climate zone, plain > mountain, sunny > cloudy.

Annual change:

1, annual maximum/minimum temperature: in a year, the land temperature in the northern hemisphere is the highest in July and the lowest in June, while the land temperature in the southern hemisphere is the highest and lowest in July, the sea surface temperature in the northern hemisphere is the highest and lowest in August and February, and the sea surface temperature in the southern hemisphere is the highest and lowest in February and August.

2. Temperature annual range: Generally speaking, it increases with the increase of latitude.

Spatial variation:

1. Latitude difference: Generally speaking, the temperature decreases from low latitude to high latitude.

2. Land-sea difference: At the same latitude, the land temperature is higher than that of the ocean in summer, but the opposite is true in winter.

3. Vertical variation: In general, the temperature decreases with the elevation, and the temperature decreases by about 0.6℃ for every elevation of 100 m..

Second, the main factors affecting the temperature

1. Latitude factor: On the whole, the temperature decreases from low latitude to high latitude; Generally speaking, low latitudes are rich in heat and high in temperature; There is insufficient heat and low temperature in high latitudes.

2. Land and sea distribution: At the same latitude, the land temperature is higher than the ocean in summer and the ocean temperature is higher than the land in winter.

3. Terrain:

(1) Altitude: In general, the temperature decreases with the elevation, and the temperature decreases by about 0.6℃ for every elevation of 100 m;

(2) Slope direction: high temperature on sunny slope and low temperature on shady slope; Due to the blocking of cold air by topography and foehn effect, the temperature of leeward slope is higher.

4. Ocean current: Warm current has warming effect on its coast, while cold current has cooling effect on its coast.

5. Atmospheric circulation: such as high temperature weather caused by subtropical high; The winter wind makes the temperature in our country lower in winter.

6. Underlying surface: For example, generally speaking, in areas with more water areas, the temperature is lower in summer and higher in winter because of its large heat capacity.

7. Human activities: such as the heat island effect brought by urbanization, which leads to the city temperature being higher than the surrounding suburbs.