What is Iceland? Why do so many people yearn for it?

In the cold wind of the Arctic Circle

On the rough waves of the North Atlantic

There are

Known as the end of the world.

Iceland

Between heaven and earth

The desolation of no one.

As if forgotten by time

The prosperity of the world

for me

great disorder/confusion under heaven—world in chaos

for me

However, in the most barren land

But it was born in the world.

One of the most desirable countries for travelers.

It is located in the Arctic Circle.

The coldest monthly average temperature in winter is not lower than ~3C.

It is warmer than many places at the same latitude.

Far from the world.

But its per capita GDP is as high as 68,000 US dollars.

Assessed by the United Nations.

One of the countries with the highest human development index in the world.

Iceland

What kind of country is this?

0 1

Burning glacier

Iceland

It was once a mysterious legend in Europe.

9th century A.D.

Legend has it that someone is in distress at sea.

Accidentally drifted to an uninhabited island.

It snowed there, and it was very cold.

The land seems to have frozen.

Later generations called Iceland (Iceland

however

Iceland is more than just an island.

Below are overlapping peaks.

sea range

Tens of millions of years ago

The North American plate gradually separated from the Eurasian plate.

Magma keeps upwelling along the crack.

Until it breaks through the ocean.

Iceland

Born in flames.

This is a violent volcanic island.

Land area103,000 square kilometers.

It is equivalent to Jiangsu Province.

But there are more than 30 volcanic systems all over the island.

* * * Together, it constitutes the highest and most dangerous part of the island.

Iceland's largest volcano

Badabenga volcano (Badabenga)

2009 meters above sea level

It covers an area of 2,500 square kilometers.

It is equivalent to the total area of Hong Kong.

However, being born in a country of fire.

Also born in ice.

Iceland lies in the Arctic Circle.

The cold glacier is another ruler here.

When ice meets fire

A war is doomed to begin.

Glaciers suppress volcanoes with thick ice.

Declare their sovereignty.

The area is 8 100 square kilometers, which is equivalent to half of Beijing.

Vatna Glacier is the largest glacier in Iceland.

Single-handedly destroyed seven volcanoes.

The average thickness of ice is 380 meters.

Proud volcano

Gradually cut into sharp edges by glaciers.

The mountain is rugged.

At the peak of glacier power

Covering the whole of Iceland.

The land by the sea has also been eroded.

A narrow fjord

But volcanoes

Unwilling to give in.

They're like a bunch of crazy gunmen.

Experienced volcanic eruptions again and again.

Opened one breakthrough after another in the frozen land.

A large amount of lava from the center of the earth

Rush up through the breach

Rapidly devouring glaciers

The volcanic island began to show its real strength.

Volcanoes, but also good at surprise attacks.

They lurk in the calm sea floor.

Suddenly broke out when the enemy was unprepared.

Create a new island

Open up new fields

Volcano's weapon heat energy

Make glaciers the most terrible

Thick ice melts into water.

Fly straight down from the top of the mountain

Form a magnificent waterfall landscape

Glacier meltwater falls from the volcanic area.

Rivers flowing along the terrain into hillsides and plains.

Form a dense water network

There are others.

With the precipitation,

Gather in the crater to form a lake.

so far

The Game between Flame and Glacier

Gradually reach a delicate balance.

Left a magnificent in Iceland:

ice

Bingbingbing

Bingbing bingbing

Volcano, volcano, volcano

The battle between ice and fire gradually stopped.

Iceland has also begun to show more wild faces.

After tens of millions of years of magma spewed from the surface,

After cooling and shrinkage, unique columnar joints are formed.

Other rocks bred by volcanoes

Exposed to the coast.

Abraded by running water, it was broken into fine black sand.

Covered with a rare black beach.

Let the waves beat as they please

The struggle between flames and glaciers

Finally, in running water and broken sand

The chapter towards the finale

but

This land is so violent.

Is it really suitable for humans?

02

Polar vitality

9th century A.D.

Chiefs living on the Norwegian coast

Inge Furanasen (Inge Furanasen)

Exiled for killing compatriots.

There is no place in northern Europe.

Have to put all your eggs in one basket

Lead cronies to sail and sail.

Hoping to find the legendary Iceland

As his new home

In 874 ad

Inge landed in a smoking area.

Smoke is actually water vapor.

More than 800 large hot springs are distributed on this volcanic island.

The hot magma heated the water body.

It's steaming everywhere.

And smoking area.

Transliteration is Reykjavik.

Later it became the capital of Iceland.

however

Inger found that Iceland is not ice.

The North Atlantic warm current from the northern Gulf of Mexico.

Flowing through southwest Iceland

Make its coastal climate relatively warm.

Reykjavik even happens to be one of the hottest areas in the country.

Cold and warm

Directly determines the possibility of human survival.

In the larger climate background,

It coincided with the warm period of the Middle Ages.

Towering glaciers

Turning into meltwater brings a lot of fresh water resources.

Grass and shrubs grow wantonly on the island.

The vegetation coverage rate is as high as over 60%

Eng looked at the vibrant scene in front of him.

Decided to settle down here

People cut down trees and build houses.

Chop wood and make a fire to keep warm.

And divide the vast grassland into pastures.

Raising sheep and cattle

The story of Iceland gradually spread in Europe.

Many residents of northern Europe, Ireland and northern Scotland

I also long for a new home without chaos.

Iceland became the best target.

They crossed the ocean to Iceland.

Seize the most suitable place to live

The coastal plain has a warm climate.

The hillside is gentle and the rivers are densely covered.

People can graze and develop farmland.

Grow barley, oats and other grains.

The plains in the fjord area are relatively narrow.

But there are winding coastlines.

People live by the mountain and face the sea.

Make a living by fishing

10 to 12 century.

People gradually expanded from the coast to the inland plateau.

On a steep hill.

Grazing sheep

In the turbulent rift valley

Discuss state affairs.

Just two centuries.

Iceland went from an uninhabited island

Become an emerging country with tens of thousands of people.

However, in the13rd century.

A devastating natural disaster

Since then, the fate of this island has been pushed in another direction.

The little ice age swept through

Glaciers extend from the Arctic Circle to low latitudes.

The temperature in Iceland has dropped sharply.

Because of low temperature, plants grow slowly.

Large tracts of farmland and grassland

After people cut down and grazed excessively.

Fall into a vicious circle of soil erosion

A large number of livestock and people died of famine.

Natural disasters broke out without warning.

Only then did people realize.

Man has never really owned this land.

Flames and glaciers

Bring another heavy blow

Most volcanoes in Iceland are piled up under glaciers.

Volcanoes melt glaciers from within.

Once the volcano erupts,

Not only triggered a series of earthquakes, landslides and mudslides

It will also cause ice lakes to burst their banks and glaciers to rise.

Causing massive floods.

Human civilization built in two centuries.

endangered

Iceland

Where is the road ahead?

03

Blend into this world

Iceland has a territorial area of 65,438+003,000 square kilometers.

However, only 3% of the land is suitable for agricultural development.

Poor land is like a chronic disease.

Kill in despair

Fortunately, Iceland still has oceans.

The coastline of the whole island stretches for 4970 kilometers.

Ocean currents concentrate nutrients in shallow waters.

Attract a lot of fish.

People adapt to natural changes.

Grazing in summer when vegetation is abundant.

Fishing in winter is in the breeding season of fish.

19th century

Iceland depends on limited natural resources.

Survive in a self-sufficient way

however

This mode of living is like living on an island.

The resources of this land are always too limited.

Iceland knows that it must look further.

Walk into the world

The other side of the sea

There is a country as cold as Iceland, Norway.

Iceland exports wool, textiles and dried fish to it.

In exchange for food, wood and salt.

To the east is/kloc-Britain more than 0/000 nautical miles away.

Iceland sends fish oil to it as fuel.

British people also prefer to cook plump white cod.

Fish, deformed

Become the most important commodity in Iceland.

Since then, fishery has become a pillar industry in Iceland.

To the west is the United States, which is nearly 1 10,000 nautical miles away.

During the second world war

With the maritime hegemony between the United States and Britain and the German army

The importance of the North Atlantic waterway is gradually increasing.

Iceland is located at the northern end of the North Atlantic.

The occupation of Iceland is equivalent to controlling part of the sea power.

The traffic advantage has gradually become prominent.

When this island chooses to enter this world,

Iceland has successfully broken through the once self-sufficient model.

Quickly catch up with the era of globalization.

In this age

An Icelandic fish can be exported to the whole world.

Goods from all over the world can also be imported into Iceland.

But a connection with the world.

This also puts Iceland in a new predicament.

Once the world situation changes

Iceland will definitely be hit.

1973 international oil crisis broke out.

The soaring oil price made Iceland realize

We must develop our own resources.

The whole of Iceland

The central plateau is uninhabitable.

However, abundant water flows downward from the hillside.

Its height difference forms a powerful hydraulic force.

Conducive to power generation

Volcanic zones are the most dangerous.

However, there is huge heat energy hidden in it.

Enough to drive a generator to generate electricity.

Hot water can also be used as people's daily water.

Geothermal energy has greatly improved the living space of Icelanders.

Hydraulic and geothermal energy

It will not destroy the land, but also can be recycled.

Bring endless power to Iceland.

Thus becoming the most important natural resource in Iceland in the 20th century.

therefore

Iceland has abundant and cheap energy supply.

Attract multinational enterprises to set up factories.

The electrolytic aluminum processing industry with high energy consumption has special advantages.

Smelting-based manufacturing industry has gradually become a new industry in Iceland.

The world gradually noticed Iceland, a small country.

There is both economic potential for sustainable development here

There are magnificent natural scenery here.

A barren land in the past

Now it is full of illusions that people have nowhere to put it.

This can be an alien, it can be the end, and it can also be the end of the world.

People do not hesitate to cross the ocean just to see the wonders.

Tourism in Iceland began to rise.

Tourism, manufacturing and traditional economic pillar fisheries

* * * together constitute the three major industries in Iceland.

Iceland has achieved success under limited natural conditions.

Find your own economic development model

at present

Iceland faces the Arctic Circle.

Hidden under the huge sea ice

18% of oil and 30% of natural gas in the world.

There is great potential for industrial and commercial development.

Once the arctic ocean freezes over a large area.

However, with global warming,

The sea ice is gradually melting.

Faster, shorter and more convenient

The Arctic waterway is about to be fully navigable.

Iceland is expected to become an important transit point.

Everything seems to be getting better.

But there is always another side to everything.

Global warming causes glaciers to melt in large quantities.

Sea level in Iceland

It is rising at a rate of 3 mm per year.

The marine ecological balance has also begun to be affected.

Before the bright future comes.

It seems that Iceland still needs to face more crises.

future

Will Iceland be better?

04

Kayamat str.

In 2023

Iceland has a population of 370,000.

Among them, 240,000 people live in the capital area.

The population distribution is extremely uneven.

65438+ Since the 9th century

Iceland has developed a relatively complete welfare system.

Let Icelanders spend their lives.

No matter in the face of illness, unemployment and old-age care, it is guaranteed.

But as a country with extremely frequent natural disasters,

What Iceland can do is always limited.

Since the birth of this island.

Destined to be governed by polar laws.

Because it is located in the Arctic Circle.

Every year after the autumnal equinox

The days in Iceland are shortened accordingly.

Instead, it is a long winter night.

Opposite/opposite

After the vernal equinox

The days in Iceland are getting longer and longer than the nights.

There are several days in June when the sunshine duration is 2 1 hour.

Even at midnight, the sun is shining.

Life of Icelanders

Like drifting between light and shadow

65438+ February Day in Iceland

Only four and a half hours.

Now, in March

The days in Iceland are getting longer and longer.

9 a.m

Sunlight first lit up the east.

165438+ 0: 00 am

Now is the busy time.

65438+ every year1late October to May

Fish follow the ocean current to the south coast to lay eggs.

Swim west again

The laws of nature run through ancient and modern times.

Life in Iceland is the same as before.

Noon 12

Maybe there will be a snowstorm.

The children are playing happily in the snow.

It's sunny at 2 pm.

The changeable weather makes people know how to better grasp the present.

Travelers like to drive around the island at this time.

Soak in hot springs and swim in ice caves.

Enjoy the sunshine.

Four o'clock in the afternoon

The towering cliffs were undisturbed.

Iceland will be a fragile land.

Be designated as a nature reserve

Let everything grow freely

5 p.m.

People came home from work one after another.

When the work is over, life will begin.

Streets and shops are becoming more and more lively.

The restaurant also began to make a noisy sound.

Night is coming soon.

Nightlife in Iceland also comes early.

8 p.m.

Whether it's dinner, bar or concert.

Or stay at home.

Icelanders have a long winter night to spend freely.

The city is in a noisy moment.

The remote central mountainous area has long been silent.

At night 10 o'clock

Only the running water makes a slight sound.

at midnight

People turn off the lights one by one.

When Iceland falls into the night again

A skylight lit up the night sky.

The solar wind blows from 65438+500 million kilometers away.

Introduced into the north and south poles by the earth's magnetic field.

Collisions with the atmosphere will produce auroras.

The flash of light produced at that moment.

Maybe every Icelandic can have it.

Instantaneous present