Appreciation of Wang Anshi's Ci Poetry "Cinnamon Zhixiang"

"Guizhixiang·Jinling Nostalgia" is a lyric work by Wang Anshi, a writer in the Song Dynasty. Below is what I have collected and sorted out for you about the appreciation of Wang Anshi's poems "Guizhixiang". I hope it can help you!

Introduction to the work

By praising the scenery of Jinling (now Nanjing, Jiangsu) and lamenting the rise and fall of history, this poem expresses the author's worries about the government at that time and his concern for national political events. . The upper column is written about what I saw when I visited the old capital of Jinling. "Chengjiang", "Cui Peak", "Zhengfan", "Setting Sun", "Wine Flag", "West Wind", "Dark Clouds" and "Egret Rising", successively outline the majestic scenes of water, land and air, and the realm is desolate. I wrote down my thoughts in Jinling. The word "Peng" is used as a turning point, contrasting the past and present, intersecting time and space, intersecting reality and reality, expressing deep depression and heavy sighs about history and reality. The whole poem is a blend of scenes, the realm is majestic and vast, the style is melancholy and tragic, and the magnificent scenery and historical content are harmoniously blended together. It is unique and can be called a famous piece.

Original text

Cinnamon sticks·Jinling nostalgic for the past⑴

Come to see me off⑵, it is the late autumn of my motherland⑶, and the weather is beginning to be calm⑷. Thousands of miles of clear river looks like practice⑸, and the green peaks are like clusters⑹. Return to the sail and go to the setting sun ⑺, with the west wind at your back, and the wine flag is leaning ⑻. The clouds on the colorful boat are light, the herons are rising on the stars and rivers, and it is difficult to draw a picture.

Thinking about the past, competing for prosperity⑾, sighing at the top of the building outside the door, feeling sorrow and hatred one after another⒀. For thousands of years, I have been proud of this, and I have lamented the honor and disgrace. The old events of the Six Dynasties flow with the flowing water⒃, but the cold smoke fades and the grass becomes green. To this day, Shang girls still sing, and the songs left behind in the back courtyard are still sung.

Comments

⑴ Guizhixiang: Ci brand name, also known as "Sparse Curtain and Pale Moon", first seen in Wang Anshi's work. Jinling: present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu Province.

⑵ Climb and see off: Climb the mountain and face the water, looking up into the distance. Seeing off: looking far away, looking far away.

⑶Old country: that is, the old capital, the old capital. Jinling was the old capital of the Six Dynasties, so it was called the motherland.

⑷Chu Su: The weather has just begun to turn sour. Su, shrink, chill, describes the withered vegetation, cold and refreshing weather.

⑸The Yangtze River is like a long stretch of white silk. A quote from Xie Tiao's "Climbing Three Mountains at Night and Looking at the Capital City": "The remaining clouds are scattered into clouds, and the Chengjiang River is as quiet as practice." Chengjiang, the clear Yangtze River. Practice, white silk.

⑹ Like clusters: This means that the peaks seem to be clustered together. cluster, cluster.

⑺ Return to the sails and go to the boat (zhào): ships coming and going. 棹, a tool for rowing, is shaped like an oar, and can also be extended to a boat.

⑻Xian Chu: diagonally inserted. Stand upright.

⑼ Two sentences of "Colorful Boat": It means that the colorful painted boat is moving in the mist and blur, still in the clouds; the lanterns reflect the water, the stars shine, and the egrets fly. These two sentences are translated from the Qinhuai River. "Caizhou" is a boat on the river that people used to play for generations, which is different from the big boat on the river that "goes sailing and sails". It is also connected with the "Prosperity" in the next piece, so it is appropriate to interpret it as the Qinhuai River is the Yangtze River. Xinghe, Tianhe, here refers to Qinhuai River. Heron, egret, a water bird. One theory refers to Bailuzhou (a small island at the confluence of the Yangtze River and Qinhuai River).

⑽It is difficult to draw pictures: It is also difficult to express it perfectly with pictures. Difficulty: Difficult to express perfectly.

⑾Luxury competition: (Dignitaries of the Six Dynasties) competed to live a luxurious life. Competing: competing to imitate and chase.

⑿The building outside the door: the tragic tragedy of the fall of the Han Dynasty and Chen Dynasty. The phrase comes from Du Mu's "Taicheng Song": "Han Qinhu is outside the gate, and Zhang Lihua is at the top of the building." Han Qinhu was the founding general of the Sui Dynasty and led his troops to attack Chen. He has led his troops to the outside of the Zhuque Gate (South Gate) of Jinling. Empress Chen and his beloved concubine Zhang Lihua were enjoying themselves in Jieqi Pavilion. Empress Chen and Zhang Lihua were captured by Han, and Chen died in the Sui Dynasty. Gate refers to Zhuque Gate. Tower refers to Jieqi Pavilion.

⒀Continuous sorrow and hatred: refers to the continuous sorrow and hatred of the subjugation of the Six Dynasties.

⒁Ping Gao: Climb high. This means that the author climbed to a high place and looked far away.

⒂尩域honor and disgrace: Empty sighs about the rise and fall of past dynasties. Rong: Prosperity. Humiliation: perish. This is the author's lament.

⒃ Two sentences of "Six Dynasties": It means that the past of the Six Dynasties has disappeared like running water. Now there is only cold smoke covering the decaying grass, condensing into a dark green, and the prosperity is gone. Six Dynasties: refers to the six dynasties of Wu, Eastern Jin, Southern Song, Qi, Liang and Chen. They all built their capitals at Jinling.

⒄Business girl: a singer in a restaurant or tea house.

⒅The Song of the Back Courtyard: refers to the song "Flowers in the Back Courtyard of Yushu", which is said to have been composed by Master Chen. Its lyrics are sad and elegant, and later generations regard it as the sound of the country's subjugation. The last three sentences are based on the poetic meaning of Du Mu's "Bo Qinhuai" "The merchant girl does not know the hatred of the country's subjugation, but she still sings "The Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river."

Vernacular translation

I climbed up the tower and looked into the distance. It was late autumn in the old capital of Jinling, and the weather had become crisp and cool. The thousand-mile Chengjiang River is like a white line, and the green peaks stand like arrows in front of you. Sailboats shuttle back and forth in the setting sun, and when the west wind rises, wine flags are fluttering in the small streets. The painted boat seems to be floating in the light clouds, and the egrets seem to be flying in the Milky Way. It is difficult to describe this magnificent scenery with a good painting brush.

I think back on how prosperous the old capital Jinling was back then. It is a pity that the lofty pavilions were built outside the Zhuque Gate, and the monarchs of the Six Dynasties were defeated one by one. Since ancient times, how many people have climbed here to reminisce about the past, lamenting the honors and disgrace of past generations.

The old events of the Six Dynasties have disappeared with the flowing water, leaving only the cold smoke and the yellowing of the green grass. To this day, businesswomen still sing the legacy of "Flowers in the Back Garden" from time to time.

Creative background

This word may have been written by Wang Anshi when he came to Jiangning Mansion. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067) of Emperor Yingzong of the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi was appointed as the magistrate of Jiangning for the first time, and he wrote many works that eulogized history and paid tribute to the past. After the ninth year of Xining (1076) of Emperor Shenzong of the Song Dynasty, Wang Anshi was dismissed as the prime minister, and he was appointed magistrate for the second time. Jiangning Mansion. This poem should be placed in one of these two periods.

Appreciation

As a reformer and thinker, Wang Anshi stands high and sees far. This poem expresses his dissatisfaction with the social reality of the Northern Song Dynasty through his understanding of the historical lessons of the Six Dynasties, and reveals his sense of worry in times of peace.

Jinling was the ancient capital of the Six Dynasties. Since Dongwu established its capital here during the Three Kingdoms period, the Eastern Jin, Song, Qi, Liang and Chen successively established their capital here. By the time of the Zhao and Song Dynasties, it was still bustling with shops and brightly lit, showing a prosperous atmosphere. Geographically, Jinling is known as a tiger perched on a dragon's legs, majestic and colorful. The great river turns from west to east and flows into the sea. Mountains, hills, rivers and lakes are criss-crossed. The Qinhuai River runs through the city like a jade belt, and Xuanwu Lake and Mochou Lake are like two pearls inlaid on the left and right sides of the city. It was precisely in the face of such a great land and rivers that Wang Anshi thought of the rivers and mountains remaining the same, the changes in personnel, and the nostalgia for the past and the present, and wrote this political lyric "There is interest in clearing the sky."

The upper part of this word depicts the magnificent scenery of Jinling, and the lower part turns to nostalgia, revealing the decadent life of the ruling class of the Six Dynasties who were "prosperous and busy", and expresses a meaningful sigh about the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties. Climbing high, looking far, and expressing one's feelings after seeing things are common and favorite methods of ancient Chinese literati. Liu Xie of the Southern Dynasty said: "The original husband's purpose of climbing high was to express his emotions after seeing things." ("Wen Xin Diao Long·Quan Fu"). The poem starts with the four words "come and see me off", which opens up a lofty vision for the poem. "In the late autumn of my motherland, the weather is beginning to be calm" points out the location and season. Because it is the old capital of the Six Dynasties, it is called "the motherland". "Late Autumn" is opposite to the "early calm" in the next sentence. The autumn wind rustles and everything withers, showing a kind of "motherland". "Sad Autumn" atmosphere. At this time, this scene is like climbing the tower, and the emotions are transferred to the objects, and the words are bound to emotions. This pave the way for the distant time described in the nostalgia for the past in the next film. "Thousands of miles of clear river seems to be practiced, and green peaks are like clusters." The word "Qianli" is the continuation of the first sentence "climb to see me off" - you can see thousands of miles when you climb high; Large panoramic scan, the scene is broad and far-reaching. "Chengjiang is as quiet as training" is derived from Xie Tiao's poem "Chengjiang is as quiet as training". Here it is opposite to "Chengjiang is as quiet as training". Not only is the contrast in words rigorous and neat, but the composition also uses continuous curves ("Chengjiang is as quiet as training"). ") and scattered dots ("green peaks like clusters") complement each other interestingly. With both a two-dimensional spread and a three-dimensional presentation, a picture of Jinling's splendid mountains and rivers unfolds in front of you. "The sails are sailing in the setting sun, and the wine flag is leaning against the west wind" is a specific description of the scenery under the general background. The "setting sun" and "westerly wind" point out that it is dusk now and have the typical characteristics of autumn scenery. "Wine flag" and "Sail expedition" are secretly written about the coming and going of travel in the autumn dusk. People are in a hurry. From purely natural moving scenes to human activities, the picture suddenly becomes vivid. "The colorful boats and clouds are pale, and the stars and rivers are full of egrets" is the highlight of the generous painting. "Colorful boats" and "starry rivers" have bright contrasting colors; "light clouds" and "egrets rising" represent the interplay of movement and stillness. The ship far away in the sky is covered with a layer of mist, and the egrets on the water are rising from the Milky Way. Not only does the entire autumn scenery of Jinling appear vividly, but it also further expands the horizon of observation - in the vast space, with the sails Gradually going away, the water and the sky have merged into one, and it is difficult to tell where is the water and where is the sky. Such a majestic and broad demeanor, such a broad and far-sighted vision is comparable to Wang Bo's "Preface to Tengwang Pavilion", "The setting clouds and solitary owls fly together, the autumn water lasts for a long time and the sky is the same color". The magnanimity and vision displayed by the two are comparable. The parallel prose aphorisms that have been recited through the ages are both unprecedented creations in poetry. Just as Lin Bu said in "Sudong Xiaogong" "Autumn mountains are inexhaustible, and autumn thoughts are boundless", what you see in front of you is so beautiful that it is difficult to describe it in full, so I always say "It is difficult to draw a picture" to end the tour.

Xia Qian is nostalgic and lyrical. The phrase "Thinking about the past" naturally transitions from what you see when you come to visit to what you think about when you come here. "Race for Prosperity" covers the story of rise and fall through the ages, revealing that Jinling's prosperous surface conceals a life of extravagance and extravagance. Then there was a sigh, "Sighing on the building outside the door, sorrow and hatred continue." This sentence comes from Du Mu's "Taicheng Song" "Han captures the tiger outside the door, Zhang Lihua on the building" uses its meaning and typical technique. , it reproduces the tragedy that when Sui soldiers were approaching the city, Empress Chen turned a deaf ear to state affairs and was still having fun with his concubines in times of crisis. This is the epitome of the tragic art of national subjugation, with deep regret in the mockery. "Sorrow and hatred continue" means that the subsequent ruling class did not take this as a lesson, spent extravagantly, indulged in wine and sex, and the dynasties in the south of the Yangtze River fell one after another: they were filled with regrets and sighs. The two sentences "Ping Gao Gao through the ages" are directly lyrical, paying homage to historical sites, recalling past events, and expressing dissatisfaction with previous generations' nostalgia and nostalgia for the past. The two sentences of "Old Events of the Six Dynasties" are adapted from Dou Gong's "Southern Journey" "Sad and wanted to ask about the events of the previous dynasty, but saw that the river flowed away and never returned. At dusk, the east wind favored the green grass, and the partridges flew up to the Yuewang Terrace", borrowing the meaning of " "Cold smoke, decaying grass" expresses melancholy. What has gone has gone after all. The old events of the Six Dynasties have disappeared like flowing water. Now apart from some decaying natural scenes in front of us, we can no longer see anything.

What is even more sad is that "to this day, business girls still sing, and the songs left behind in the backyard" melt the poetic meaning of "Shang girls don't know the hatred of the country's subjugation, but still sing the flowers in the backyard" in Du Mu's "Bo Qinhuai". "Sui Shu·Five Elements Chronicles" says: "In the early Ming Dynasty, the emperor created a new song with very sad lyrics, which made the beauties in the harem sing it. The poem said: 'The flowers in the backyard of the jade tree will not bloom for a long time.' People at that time thought The song prophecies, this is a sign that it will not be long." Later, "Yushu Backyard Flower" became the sound of the country's subjugation. This sentence expresses the poet's deep emotion: It is not the merchant women who have forgotten the hatred of the country's subjugation, but the ruler's drunken life and dreams that make the sound of the country's subjugation fill the streets of Jinling.

At the same time, this poem also has artistic achievements. It embodies the author's literary proposition of "washing away the old habits of five generations." The lyrics originally depended on the sound, but Wang Anshi said: "The ancient singers all composed the words first, and then the sounds. Therefore, it is said that 'poems express aspirations, songs last forever, sounds last forever, and rhythms and harmony'. Nowadays, the tune is written first, and then the lyrics are written. , but it is also 'Yong Yisheng'." (Zhao Lingji's "Hou Zhenlu" Volume 7 Quotation) Apparently he is not satisfied with just treating Ci as a work that relies on sound. This was a heretical theory at the time, but today it seems that it still retains its keenness and foresight. Although there were a number of famous writers such as Yan Shu and Liu Yong in the Ci world in the Northern Song Dynasty, they did not break through the barrier of "ci is a Yanke", and the style of Ci was weak and weak. After reading Yan Shu's short poems, he once sighed: "How can the prime minister do this?" (quoted in Wei Tai's "Dongxuan Records"). Therefore, when he wrote his own lyrics, he tried his best to avoid this shortcoming and "wash away the old habits of the Five Dynasties" (Volume 4 of Liu Xizai's "Art Summary"), pointing out the upward path, laying a solid foundation for the full stage of the lyrics of Su Shi and other scholar-bureaucrats.

First of all, the scenery described in this poem is magnificent and broad, which fully shows the author's high footing and broad mind. The first three sentences are written in general terms. In just a few words, the season, location, and weather are explained clearly, and the whole poem is placed in a perspective of leaning on a railing and overlooking the distance. In the solemn atmosphere of autumn colors, the momentum is extraordinary. The following "Thousands of miles of clear river seems to be practiced" describes the water, and "The green peaks are like clusters" describes the mountains. The mountains and rivers of Jinling are described in general, and they also describe a broad background for the whole poem. The two sentences "Zhengfan" are specific descriptions of the scenery under this background. On the surging river, countless sails hurried away in the sunset. Compared with "outside the setting sun, jackdaws are swarming, and flowing water surrounds the isolated village" (Qin Guan's "Man Ting Fang"), although both are vast, the former is magnificent, while the latter is desolate, with completely different styles. The numerous uneven wine flags on both sides of the Yangtze River are fluttering in the west wind. Compared with Du Mu's "Shui Cun Shan Guo Wine Flag Style", the difference between strong and cool is obvious. As for "The clouds on the colorful boats are pale, and the herons on the stars and rivers are rising", it is like the further opening of the movie lens. As the sails gradually go away, the poet's vision also expands, even integrating the water and the sky into one, in a broader The space depicts the Yangtze River’s myriad forms. The distant Zhengfan seemed to be floating in the light white clouds, and the flying egret seemed to rise from the Milky Way. The sceneries in this poem are both real and virtual, the colors are thick and light, the distance is intertwined with the near, the virtual and the real are combined, and the shades are appropriate, forming an ingenious Jinling scenery. Its far-reaching, fresh realm, vigorous and majestic style are incomparable to those works such as "Small Garden Fragrant Path" and "Winning Moon and Falling Flowers".

Secondly, the idea is novel and far-sighted, showing the insights of a sober politician. The comments about the second film of "Cinnamon Sticks" are by no means lamenting personal joys and sorrows, separations and sorrows, but reflect his concern and anxiety about the destiny and future of the country. The first three lines, "Thinking of the luxurious competitions in the past, sighing at the buildings outside the door, the continuous sorrow and hatred", what is being read is to reveal that the rulers of the Six Dynasties who established their capital in Jinling took advantage of the beautiful mountains and rivers in the south of the Yangtze River to compete in luxury and harm the country with their debauchery; Those who sigh are despising them for performing one scene after another of "outside the building" style tragedies. It is really sad and hateful. The two sentences "Ping Gao through the ages" criticize the literati and poets for thousands of years who only lamented the rise and fall of dynasties when facing the mountains and rivers of Jinling. They failed to jump out of the small circle of honor and disgrace. They could not stand at the height they should have, and it was difficult for them to overcome the six dynasties one after another. draw lessons from history. But now, the old events of the Six Dynasties have passed away with the flowing water, and there are only a few lifeless decaying grasses shrouded in cold smoke. This "cold smoke fades and the grass turns green" obviously reveals the author's dissatisfaction with the Northern Song Dynasty's inability to make great efforts to govern. The focus of the whole poem is on the concluding sentence: "To this day, business women still sing all the time, leaving behind songs in the backyard." This meaning was also written by Du Mu of the Tang Dynasty. However, the author does not blame the merchant women for being ignorant like Du Mu did, but refers to the sanguine and the pagoda trees, with an implicit meaning: the singing girls are still singing the song of national subjugation, precisely because those in power indulge in wine and sex, and live in a dream. However, "the flowers in the backyard of the jade tree will not bloom for long." If we do not change our ways and take measures to enrich the country and strengthen the army, we will inevitably continue to suffer and hate like the Six Dynasties. This conclusion is tantamount to a warning to the Northern Song authorities. Some people say that Zhang Wei's "Li Tingyan" is a copy of Wang Anshi's "Guizhixiang". From the perspective of language and syntax, Wang Ci was indeed greatly influenced by Zhang Ci. However, Zhang Min only had a negative sentiment about the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties: "How many of the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties were just gossips among fishermen and woodcutter. Looking up at the building with regret, the cold sun is silently setting in the west." The ideological realm of the two words is simply different. And words.

Thirdly, the composition pays attention to the succession, succession and integration, and is well-organized, which is very similar to prose writing. The first sentence of the film, "Come here to see me off," covers the whole story, and an article was born from there. The word "motherland" in the second sentence points to Jinling, laying the groundwork for the nostalgic discussion in the next film. The following description of the scene starts with the overall picture, then close-up, long-range, and finally ends with "it is difficult to draw a picture". It not only summarizes the above description of the scene, but also naturally moves into the discussion of the next film. The arrangement is very appropriate and natural.

The next film opens up a layer of discussion: Jinling is so magnificent, but it is the historical witness of the successive demise of the Six Dynasties. The three sentences "thinking about the past" express the attitude towards the rise and fall of the Six Dynasties, and the two sentences "paying tribute to the high through the ages" express the views on the works that have always paid tribute to Jinling. The following transitions to reality, and the conclusion returns to today. The head and tail are rounded, the structure is rigorous, and it is unfolded layer by layer with every detail. Some of the poems are based on scenery, such as Yan Shu's "Treading on the Sand": "When I wake up from a sad dream, the setting sun shines deep in the courtyard", which describes the inexplicable spring sorrow; some are based on complex, such as Liu Yong's "Feng Qi" "Wu": "The clothes are getting wider and wider, but I don't regret it anymore, and I feel haggard because of Yi." It expresses single-minded and sincere love. However, "Cinnamomum Fragrance" ends with a discussion, which entrusts the author's views on major real-life political issues. These characteristics of the composition and structure of "Guizhixiang" reflect the characteristics of the development of Ci poetry after entering slow Ci poetry, and then prose was introduced into Ci poetry.

Fourth, the allusion is appropriate and natural. "Thousands of miles of Chengjiang is like practicing" is adapted from Xie Tiao's poem "Climbing Three Mountains at Night and Looking at the Capital City": "The remaining clouds are scattered into clouds, and the Chengjiang River is as quiet as practicing." "The Heron Rises in the Galaxy" is adapted from Li Bai's "Climbing the Phoenix Terrace of Jinling": "Three mountains are half-fallen outside the blue sky, and two waters are divided into Bailuzhou" poetic meaning. "Sighing outside the building, sorrow and hatred continue" is an allusion to the Sui Dynasty's destruction of Chen: when the Sui Dynasty general Han Qinhu came to the city with his troops, the heartless empress Chen was still singing and dancing with his beloved concubine Zhang Lihua. Du Mu's "Taicheng Song" once sang about this incident. Wang Anshi cleverly used only the four words "menwailoutou". "Outside the door" means that the army is pressing down on the situation, and "loutou" means debauchery and shamelessness, which expresses the collapse of the Six Dynasties in an extremely concise and vivid way. The four words "sorrow and hatred continue" summarize the history of the Southern Dynasties. The conclusion uses Du Mu's poem "Poetry at Qinhuai", but gives it more profound and penetrating ideological content. A short poem with four allusions was rare before Wang Anshi.

Comments by famous writers

Song Dynasty Yang Shi's "Ancient and Modern Ci Hua": Jinling is nostalgic for the past. Zhu Gong sent more than thirteen poems to "Guizhixiang", and Jiefu alone is the most famous. When Dongpo saw it, he sighed and said: "This old man is a wild fox spirit." (Quoted in the fourth volume of "Ci Lin Chronicle")

Zhang Yan's "Etymology" of the Song Dynasty: Ci poems are mainly based on meaning and interest. , or not follow the meaning of predecessors. For example, Dong Po's "Mid-Autumn Festival·Shui Tiao Ge Tou" (abbreviated lyrics), Wang Jinggong's "Jinling Nostalgia·Fragrance of Guizhi" (abbreviated lyrics)...these numerals are all interesting in the air, and will not be easy for those without writing skills.

In Ming Dynasty, Zhang Huiyan's "Lunci": "Guizhixiang" came to see it as a farewell: the charm is so beautiful that senior officials cannot reach it.

Liang Qichao's "Ice Drinking Room Commentary" of the Qing Dynasty: "The Fragrance of Guizhi" came to see it off: Li Yian said that Jiefu's article is like the Western Han Dynasty, but if it is used as lyrics, people will definitely be impressed. However, this is a criticism of Qingzhen and Jiaxuan, and cannot be slandered.

Modern Zhou Ruchang's "Appreciative Dictionary of Tang and Song Ci": This poem expresses Jinling's nostalgia for the ancients, and is a unique and extraordinary masterpiece created by the author. The poem reveals Wang Anshi's feelings of being in love with the natural scenery when he was frustrated and bored. The whole poem goes straight to the point. The author wrote it in the resort of Jinling, the ancient capital of the Southern Dynasties. On a late autumn evening, he was sightseeing by the river and enjoying the ancient times. Although his theme is climbing high and looking far, his eyes are on the late autumn of his motherland. The three words "zheng", "chu" and "su" gradually awaken its theme. The following two sentences borrow the meaning of the famous saying of the Xie family in the Six Dynasties, "The interpretation of 'Chengjiang Jingru Lian' makes people remember Xie Xuanhui for a long time." The hint seems to have been published. That is to say, one is "like practicing" and the other is "like clusters". The victory of form has come out clearly. Then I wrote about the color of the river. Looking at it, I saw countless shadows of sails and rafters intertwined on the sparkling river waves under the setting sun. Looking closely at the place where the eyes were gazing, one could see that the green flag of the wine shop was fluttering high in the west wind. The sails and flags represent a broad scene, while the wine flags represent a detailed scene. However, the poet's intention is guided by scenery and focused on personnel. The word "back" and the word "chu" are used wonderfully to make the riverside scene lifelike, as if there is life in it. The description of the scene up to this point is all white drawing, with some changes below. The two sentences "caizhou" and "xinghe" add to the bright color. However, the lyrics have reached the resting point of the last film, so the pen has been restrained, and the sentence "It is difficult to draw a picture" expresses the feeling of praise and appreciation, which is quite popular. "The colorful boat and the light clouds" describe the sunset over the river and the sky; "The stars and the egrets rise" resemble the setting of Zhouzhu at sunset. In the next part, another piece of writing laments the historical fact that the six dynasties all fell one after another due to debauchery. What is written is about sorrow, hatred, honor and disgrace, which is of no use to future generations. There is no trace of the past, only the miserable green of the autumn grass, which is shocking. "The building outside the door" is decorated with lines from Du Mu's "Taicheng Song", which is also simple and powerful. The conclusion of the poem is even more wonderful. The poet writes: Today, the Six Dynasties are far away, but their legacy can still be heard. Allusion here. "The merchant girl doesn't know the hatred of her country's subjugation, but she still sings "Flowers in the Back Garden" across the river!" This famous line was recited by Xiao Du of the Tang Dynasty when he was "smoke cage, cold water, moon cage cage sand, mooring in Qinhuai at night near a restaurant", the poet reused it, I feel that it is thousands of miles wide, and there are endless emotions and sighs that will last forever.

Author introduction

Wang Anshi (1021-1086), politician and writer of the Northern Song Dynasty. His courtesy name is Jiefu, his nickname is Banshan, and he is known as Banshan layman. He was granted the title Duke of Shu, and later he was granted the title Duke of Jing. The world also calls him "Wang Jinggong". A native of Linchuan, Fuzhou (now part of Jiangxi). He became a Jinshi in the second year of Qingli (1042) and served successively as a judge in Huainan, magistrate of Yin County, Tong magistrate of Shuzhou, magistrate of Changzhou, and officials in Tidian Jiangdong Prison and other places. In the fourth year of Zhiping (1067), he learned about Jiangning Mansion and was summoned to become a Hanlin bachelor.

In the second year of Xining (1069), he was promoted to participate in political affairs. From the third year of Xining (1070), he was appointed Tongzhongshu Menxia Pingzhangshi twice to implement new laws. After deposing as prime minister in the ninth year of Xining (1076), he lived in seclusion and died of illness in Zhongshan, Jiangning (now Nanjing, Jiangsu). He was given the posthumous title "Wen" and was also called Wang Wengong. His reforms already have the characteristics of modern changes, and he was hailed by Lenin as "China's great reformer in the eleventh century." He was quite accomplished in literature and was one of the "Eight Great Masters of the Tang and Song Dynasties". His poems are good at reasoning and rhetoric, and are good at using allusions. He has few lyrics and a high style. There are "Wang Linchuan Collection" and "Songs of Mr. Linchuan".