The famous buildings in Yancun

Qing Yu Tang Ancient House was built in the Qianlong period of Qing Dynasty. The old owner of the house, Jin, is a big tea merchant. He did business in Nanjing in his early years and was the president of Jiangning Chamber of Commerce. I have four sons, all of whom are very successful. In the early years of Qianlong, four sons built four houses in the village, forming the most famous four lanes in the village, and "Qing Yu Hall" was one of them, which was built by the second son Jin Shiqiu. Jin Shiqiu went into business with his father at the age of sixteen. Because of his success in business, he made considerable profits, so he built a house and named it Qing Yu Manor.

Jin Shiqiu is a businessman and a scholar. His third brother Jin also passed the exam, became a candidate salt transportation department, became a glorious doctor, and established a "land of great happiness" in the village. This mansion was transported to Jingdezhen as a whole 20 years ago, and it became the site of Jingdezhen Ceramic Expo after restoration.

Although Yu Qingtang's master was rich, in feudal society, businessmen were rich but not expensive, and "scholars, farmers and businessmen" had the lowest status. Therefore, it is impossible to build a house as grand and luxurious as a mansion. Moreover, the court also stipulated that the door of the merchant should not face south. Therefore, businessmen have to find another way to build houses. Take Qing Yu Concert Hall as an example. Outside its gate, there is a courtyard door, which opens in the left corner of the house. Because if the door really faces south, it is forbidden, so we have to seal the door facing south with a wall and enter the house from a side door. The door of the house is blocked with a wall, which also protects the privacy of the family. This is killing two birds with one stone.

A small room connected to the courtyard gate, locally called the "door ring", is used to park the sedan chairs of tourists. At the same time, it is also convenient for the harem to enter the house-the rules of Huizhou merchants are very strict, and the harem cannot enter and exit from the front of the main hall. They must go in through the back door next to the doorbell.

Yuqingtang Gate is a typical Huizhou architecture Shikumen. The gatehouse consists of two parts, namely "building" and "cover". The door above is covered with heavy tiles and cornices, which can not only keep out the rain, but also increase the aesthetic feeling and momentum. The door Fang under the cornice is carved with gorgeous and exquisite brocade patterns, symbolizing good luck.

The whole facade of Qing Yu Hall is a word "Shang". The upper part of the word "Shang" consists of a door cover and a gatehouse. The bluestone concierge is a word "mouth", and the blue bricks are laid outside the concierge to form the word "door". The whole facade is a perfect word "business". Merchants' status is not high, but Huizhou merchants are not convinced. Whether you are a high-ranking official or a dignitary, if you want to enter my home, you have to bow your head and go through the "business" door, which shows the pride and character of Huizhou merchants in Yanchun.

The gatehouse with the word "Shang" is indeed an extraordinary artistic creation. Its exquisite brick carving is also a must, with far-reaching implications. "Three Carvings", namely brick carving, wood carving and stone carving, are the characteristics of Huizhou architecture, and Huizhou merchants in Yancun have brought the "Three Carvings" art to the extreme. Woodcarving, in particular, is absolutely exquisite.

The foyer adjoins the patio. Yancun commercial housing is built around the patio. Square patios are of great use. First of all, we have broadened our horizons. Surrounded by high walls and three buildings, the space is very narrow. If it rains, it will be all dark. However, on the embroidered floor, relying on the beautiful scenery, through the concave wall of the courtyard gate, Shan Ye's spring scenery is unobstructed; Second, the patio lighting is particularly soft. Because patio light is secondary refraction light, it gives people a quiet and comfortable feeling; Third, the drainage problem has been completely solved. Because there are high walls around the house, the rain can't be discharged from the eaves before and after, and it will inevitably flow into the front of the courtyard hall from all directions. For this reason, a downpipe was installed on the eaves around the patio, so that the rainwater could be collected in one place. Then the water placed along the wall behind the door (that is, clay pipe) obediently flowed into the "Tang Ming" below the patio, rotated once, and then discharged to the outside. This is called "four waters return to the hall". "Tang Ming" is made of bluestone and shaped as a bronze lock, which can "lock" wealth and prevent the outflow of fat and water.

The layout of the hall is a typical pattern of Huizhou merchants in Qing Dynasty-a plaque is hung on the wall of Taishi, a picture scroll of nave is hung under it, and couplets are hung on both sides. There are bells, vases and glass mirrors on the table, which are called "East Bottle and West Mirror" and homophonic "Dongping and West Quiet", which are the good wishes of business owners.

There are patios in front of and behind the old house. There is a water tank in the back patio, called "Town House Tank", which is used to put out fires. This stone jar in Qing Yu Hall is unusual. It is made of a whole piece of jute stone. The jar is filled with rain falling from the sky, which is called "water falling from the sky", which means "blessing falling from the sky" It is said that this tank of water has a history of 300 years, but it has never been replaced. After centuries, it is still crystal clear, unsatisfied in rainy days, dried up in drought, colorless and tasteless, and never worms. What's even more surprising is that this pot of water can also predict the weather-it's going to rain and the water is turbid; The sky is clear and the water is clean. Why? No one has solved the mystery so far. Listen, it's a bit like a myth.

Congting Hall, a famous scholarly family in Yancun, was built in the Kangxi period of Qing Dynasty. Up to now, the inkstone of Yao Nai, the leader of Tongcheng School and a famous Confucian master, has been preserved in the house. The Liang Fang and the hatchback in the front hall are four poetic woodcarving patterns in Bai Juyi's Pipa Trip in the Tang Dynasty, "I saw the guests off on the Xunyang River at night, and the maple leaves and rushes rustled in autumn." We shouted for a thousand times before she came to us, and she also hid half of her face behind her guitar, which was lifelike and could be called a fine work of freehand woodcarving.

Tujingtang was built in the early Qing Dynasty. The owner of the house has three sons. According to the long order, the small room is outside, the second room is in the middle, and the big room is hidden. The house also rises from the outside to the inside. The three rooms are connected by an aisle with narrow benches. Outsiders have to report to the three brothers step by step when they want to meet the curtilage people, so the guests have to sit on this narrow bench and wait. It is said that the proverb "sit on the bench" comes from this.