Introduction and detailed information of Tanggula

The hilly plains on both sides of Tanggula Mountain (also known as Tanggula Mountain or Tanggula Mountain) are 4600 meters above sea level. 4800 meters, then the relative height difference is only 1, 300? 1, 500 meters. The snow line is at an altitude of 5400? 5500 meters. There are small glaciers on the top of the mountain. It is the source of the Yangtze River, Lancang River and Nujiang River. The temperature is low, with an annual average temperature of -4.4℃ (Tuotuohe Station) and a thickness of 70? 88 meters. The Qinghai-Tibet Highway runs through here. The vegetation is mainly alpine grassland, mixed with cushion plants. Gladandong, the main peak of Tanggula, is more than 6000 meters above sea level and is the source of the Yangtze River. The no man's land at the foot of Hoh Xil is a comfortable pasture for endangered wild animals such as Tibetan antelope. Four or five plateaus, rivers condense into crystal clear glaciers, the waves are silent into silent ice sculptures, and the rivers that once roared and raged quietly slept. Snow-capped peaks in the distance, white clouds that can be lifted in the sky and the gentle and gorgeous sunset on the plateau play together, creating a picture full of temptation and charm. Tanggula Pass is the gateway to Tibet. That's a medal that only heroes can hang. Although this section of Tanggula Mountain is the highest elevation section of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, the mountain range is not as steep as people think, and it can be said to be very gentle. Because the vegetation on the mountain is closely covered and undamaged, some places look as delicate as human skin from a distance and have a fairy-tale scenery, but the snow-capped mountains and cold winds in the distance will remind us that this is a plateau above 5000 meters above sea level. The railway will be separated from the national highway 109 when it reaches Tanggula Pass. Tanggula Pass, with the highway elevation of 523 1 m and the railway elevation of 5072 m, is the highest railway station in the world and the seventh stop where our train will stop at Jiela section. This is the natural dividing line between Qinghai Province and Tibet Province. This area is frozen soil, the water in the soil layer is frozen all the year round, and the weather in the mountain pass is unstable. Even in summer, roads are often blocked by heavy snow. Tanggula Mountain is a famous mountain in Tibetan areas, also known as Tanglashan or Tanglashan, which means "the mountain on the plateau" in Tibetan and is also a famous mountain god in Tibetan legends. Located in the abdomen of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, it borders Karakorum Mountain in the west and Hengduan Mountain in the east, with a total length of about 1000 km and a width of about 150 km. Generally, the altitude is 5500 ~ 6000 meters. There are many wide basins among the mountains, which are good pastures. It is divided into two parts: the western part belongs to the alpine desert landscape; The eastern part belongs to alpine shrub meadow landscape. Between the railway and highway at Tanggula Pass, there is Bascan Root Peak at an altitude of 6022 meters. At Tanggula Pass, the view is much wider than Kunlun Pass. In the distance stands a crystal-clear snow-capped mountain, and the sunshine is stronger than the other side of the mountain. The real plateau is here! Due to lack of oxygen, the brain will be a little anesthetized and excited.

The location of Tanggula Mountain Tanggula Mountain is a mountain range with an altitude of 5000 meters and an altitude of 6839 meters. Its peak is a quasi-plain about 5000 meters, and the ridge above it is above the snow line (5300 meters above the snow line). Tanggula Mountain is150km wide, and its main peak, Gladin Cave, is the birthplace of detachment at the source of the Yangtze River. Up to now, there are still small-scale Pleistocene glacier relics, and the topography of leaf ridges, tinder and glaciers is more common. The glaciers formed in the Middle Pleistocene are about 28 times larger than today, and small ice sheets can be formed on the quasi-plain surface, and the thickness of glacier deposits on its two slopes is more than 800 meters. After the glaciers melted, the mountains rose rapidly. Sediment and gravel on both sides, strata subsidence, forming a lake area near east-west, spewing hot springs. Karst terrain is formed on the hillside. There are fewer glaciers on the south slope than on the north slope, but the glaciers on the south slope are well developed. Tanggula is the birthplace of Nujiang River, Lancang River and Yangtze River.

Tanggula Tanggula is the watershed between the Yangtze River and the Nujiang River, and it is well-known in China. Connected with Karakorum Mountain, Mongolian means "a mountain that eagles can't fly over". The western section of Tanggula is the watershed between the interior drainage and the outflow water system in northern Tibet, and the eastern section is the watershed between the Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean. The Nujiang River, Lancang River and Yangtze River all originate from the northern and southern foothills of Tanggula.

Natural Climate Tanggula is the section of Qinghai-Tibet Railway with the worst climate, the worst geological conditions and the most difficult construction. Slope wetlands are widely distributed, with long frozen soil section, high ground temperature, large ice content and strong frost heaving and thawing settlement; There are island permafrost and deep seasonal permafrost in the south of Amdo. In winter and spring, the temperature is very low and the wind is very cold. In July and August, the weather was a little warmer, and there was plenty of rain. A cloud floated by, either rain or snow or hail.

The tourist attraction is located 65,438+000 kilometers north of Lhasa, where the world-famous Nyainqentanglha Snow Peak stands, and Namco is on the north edge. The highest point of the mountain is 7 1 17 meters above sea level. It is covered with snow all the year round, with clouds and clouds, thunder and lightning, mysterious and unpredictable, like a heroic god wrapped in golden armor, towering high in snow-capped mountains, grasslands and heavy canyons. In the ancient myths of Tibet, in the pantheon of Bonism or Tibetan Buddhism, and in the folk songs and legends of local shepherds and hunters, Nyainqentanglha Mountain and Namtso Mountain are not only the most striking holy mountains and lakes in Tibet, but also lovers and couples who depend on each other for life and death. Nyainqentanglha Mountain is more handsome and upright against Namtso Lake, which attracts thousands of believers, pilgrims and people because of its more beautiful reflection.

Lake Tsona in Tanggula Mountain is one of the most famous scenic spots along Amdo and Qinghai-Tibet Railway, and it is also the first beautiful scenery that tourists see after entering Amdo. To the east of the lake, the Qinghai-Tibet Railway passes by the quiet and beautiful Shenhu Lake, and the nearest place is only a few tens of meters. There is also an observation deck here. It is the source lake of the plateau freshwater lake and the Nujiang River, with an area of about 400 square kilometers and an altitude of 4,650 meters. It is the highest freshwater lake in the world.

Cuona Lake originated from Nujiang River, China Unicom River and Naqu River, and nurtured the people along the coast. Against the background of blue sky and white clouds and endless grasslands, Lake Cuona, which is clear and green in summer, is particularly beautiful. The green hills are clear, the fish are jubilant, and wild ducks and migratory birds are free to play. The lake is rich in aquatic products, attracting national key wild protected animals such as black-necked cranes, swans, wild ducks and mandarin ducks. The grassy lakeside grassland is the home of Tibetan antelope and Tibetan gazelle. Overlooking the lake, the Zhuoge peak is faintly posturing, and the mountains and rivers set each other off. Rivers and streams in the south of Tanggula Mountain all flow into Cuona Lake and then into Nujiang River.

Cuona Lake Station is one of the most beautiful tourist stations in the whole line. It is only 20 meters east of the beautiful Shenhu Lake. The station is designed with six lanes, with a platform length of 500 meters and an average width of 30 meters. Walking on the platform, you can enjoy the colorful lakes and mountains at close range. Family tourism projects focusing on animal husbandry and folk villages are being developed locally.

There is an ancient Qiangtang ancient song, "The vast Qiangtang grassland is so desolate when you are not familiar with it. When you are familiar with it, it will become your lovely hometown. "

Tibetan in the northern Tibetan Plateau is called Qiangtang. Surrounded by Tanggula Mountain, Nyainqentanglha Mountain and Gangdise Mountain, it almost includes the whole Naqu area and some Ali areas. This plateau has an average elevation of more than 4,000 meters, and Tibetan nomads have lived for generations.

The Qinghai-Tibet Railway runs through the vast Qiangtang grassland in northern Tibet. The railway stations built in Tibet include Amdo, Naqu, Dangxiong, Lhasa, etc., which just pass through this land known as "the most mysterious place in the world except the back of the moon".

Amdo Railway starts from Tanggula Pass and reaches Amdo, the first town after entering Tibet.

Amdo, which means "fork at the end or lower part" in Tibetan. It is located at the foot of Tanggula Mountain in northern Tibet. The annual average temperature is -3℃, and the average temperature in July is lower than 8℃. Is a pure animal husbandry county, mainly raising Tibetan sheep and yaks. However, there is still a small amount of agricultural land in the microclimate environment of some valleys in the east of the county, where the elevation is about 4000 meters, square residential courtyards gather, and the scenery of small villages in the valley is particularly beautiful and quiet. Qinghai-Tibet railway and highway run through the county, passing through Naqu area and heading south to Lhasa, 445 kilometers away from Lhasa.

Surrounded by the main vein of Tanggula, countless plateau peaks are winding and undulating, and there is Mount Kekexili in the east. Lakes and rivers crisscross the territory, and the source water systems such as the Yangtze River, Nujiang River and Selinku flow through here. Qiangtang Plateau is adjacent to no man's land in the west, with thin air, large temperature difference between day and night, unclear seasons and snowy weather. Amdo Photovoltaic Power Station is a solar power generation project with the highest altitude in the world and the largest installed capacity in China, with an installed capacity of 100 kW.

Amdo is an important transportation hub in northern Tibet, where Qinghai-Tibet Highway and Anshi Highway meet. Pana town, where the county seat is located, is located at the exit of the valley, and further on is the open grassland. The 3429 km sign of Qinghai-Tibet Highway has a transportation service station on the edge of Amdo County.

Amdo Railway Station is the largest passenger and cargo dual-purpose station for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to enter Tibet, and the first track laying ceremony for the Qinghai-Tibet Railway to enter Tibet was held at Amdo Railway Station. The natural landscape at the source of the Yangtze River originated from Gladin Cave in Tanggula is very strange. There are ice bamboo shoots, ice bridges, ice buckets, ice lakes, glacier tongue and other glacial landforms. With the opening of the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, it is expected to become a world-class tourist attraction. The last scenic spot in the Yangtze River source landscape belt is Tanggula Railway Station, the highest point of the world railway, with an altitude of 5072 meters. I believe all passengers will get off here to take pictures as a souvenir. Over the Tanggula Mountain, you will enter the border of Tibet, and you will see the beautiful Qiangtang grassland. Tanggula Mountain Station is 5068 meters above sea level, and the station is designed with three kinds of special subgrade. The Tanggula Mountain Bridge replaces the highway bridge with a bridge, with a total length of 738 meters, and the line passes through the permafrost region of Tanggula Mountain.

People in Amdo Pastoral Area of Tanggula Mountain are hospitable. Whenever tourists come forward, they ask "Thanks" or kiss their cheeks. When pedestrians arrive at residential areas on the road or at night, the host will invite guests home, provide the best food and hospitality, give up the best houses and tents for guests to live in, and take out their best bedding. When the guests are on the road, help them get on the horse, send them on the road and say "Cai" (I wish you a long life). The simple folk customs are impressive.

The west of Qinghai-Tibet Railway belongs to Zhajia Zangbo River Basin, the largest inland river in the inland area of northern Tibet Plateau. It is a vast and sparsely populated area and is the habitat of a large number of wild animals.

Amdo has a shuttle bus to Lhasa every morning. From Amdo, you can charter a tour of Gladanton Ice Tower Forest, but you must find a driver who is familiar with the road conditions. Cars heading west in Qinghai basically take Anshi Highway. If you plan to enter Shuanghu, Wenbu, Shenzha and other places in northern Tibet, you can also find a lift here.

"The vast Qiangtang grassland is so desolate when you are not familiar with it. When you are familiar with it, it will become your lovely hometown. "

The railway starts from Tanggula Pass and reaches Amdo, the first town after entering Tibet. Amdo Tibetan means "bifurcation at the end or lower part".

Tanggula tourist train will start in September, 2008. Tanggula will bring you the top tourist experience, the most beautiful scenery and the richest culture in China.

Two completely different routes of Tanggula tourist train take you to discover the western part of China, which was once only open to trekking explorers. Now, you can start from Beijing, cross the vast Qinghai Province, cross the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and reach Lhasa. Or from Beijing, take the scenic Guilin and colorful central Yunnan to Lijiang. You will experience unparalleled taste and comfort in the carriage. During the four-day or five-day trip in Tanggula, you can rest in spacious private suites, all of which are equipped with five-star service, private bathroom and personalized butler service. Our car light hiking program will give you the opportunity to explore the Millennium culture, ancient buildings and famous historical sites in the interior of China.

The main rivers in Tanggula Mountain are Tuotuo River and Dangqu River. Tuotuo is the upper reaches of the Yangtze River, and Tanggula is the birthplace of the Yangtze River. )

Tuotuo River Tuotuo originated from Jianggudi Glacier, with a total length of 346 kilometers, which is the positive source of the Yangtze River. After leaving Tanggula Mountain, the beautiful scenery of Tanggula Mountain, which was photographed in the early morning, broke away from the river and carried glacial meltwater northward into the wide valley between Tanggula Mountain and Kunlun Mountain. After being blocked by Wulan Wula Mountain at 130 km, it turns around and flows eastward until it meets Dangqu. Tuotuo River has an open channel with braided water, and there are few people on both sides. Only a few nomads come here to graze in summer. Tuotuo River Bridge connecting Qinghai-Tibet Highway is the first bridge of the Yangtze River, and Tuotuo River along the bridge head is the first town of the Yangtze River.

The Dangqu River originates from the largest swamp on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau at the eastern foot of the Tanggula Mountains, where there is the highest swamp in the world. Dangqu River Basin is densely covered with lakes, criss-crossing river networks and abundant precipitation, which is the area with the most precipitation at the source of the Yangtze River. Dangqu is rich in water supply, and the amount of water is several times that of the first river in the three major sources of the Yangtze River.

The vegetation is mainly alpine grassland, mixed with cushion plants. Between the broad mountains of Tanggula, there are many grass dams in river valleys and lake basins, where there are abundant aquatic plants, which are natural excellent pastures. To the east of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, an alpine meadow belt consisting of Kobresia and Polygonum is 4400 ~ 5000 meters above sea level; The snow line from 5000 meters to the snow line is a sparse vegetation belt on the edge of alpine ice. The main plants are Prunus yunnanensis, Paris polyphylla, Saussurea involucrata, Leontopodium villosum and Tephrosia vogelii. The highest is the alpine permafrost zone. At an altitude of 4,500-5,000 meters to the west, the alpine grassland is composed of grasses such as Stipa purpurea and Festuca arundinacea, which are connected with the sparse vegetation belt in the alpine periglacial zone or the primitive alpine meadow belt with cushion plants.

The alpine grassland and meadow in Tanggula Mountain are natural grasslands for grazing yaks, sheep and other livestock. Its mineral resources include iron and coal, and it is rich in geothermal resources.

Humanistic Customs The staple foods that people in northern Tibet generally eat are highland barley, wheat and peas, and the wild plants that eat the most are ginseng fruit and yellow mushroom. Often eat dairy products are yogurt and milk residue.

For shepherds, there are three main kinds of nutrition, meat, ghee and cheese; Buttered tea is the main beverage, supplemented by green tea and milk tea; There are three kinds of sweets, brown sugar, white sugar and honey, and salt is indispensable for any food. Rice is also increasingly entering herdsmen's families. Drinking highland barley wine and beer during festivals has become more popular in towns.

Usually drink tea five times a day, that is, morning tea, afternoon tea, evening tea and bedtime tea, and eat three meals. In the long summer or busy grazing season, you will eat four meals. Grab some Baba when drinking morning tea and add some fine milk residue; Grab Baba at noon, add yogurt, diced pork soup or hand-grabbed meat; Most people eat all kinds of porridge in the evening. People in northern Tibet are very hospitable. When there are guests, or festivals, religious activities, weddings, horse races, and even the first birdsong and thunder in spring, they will try their best to have a rich family dinner.

Animal husbandry is the only means of production and source of livelihood for local herders. They live in cowhide tents, wear sheepskin Tibetan robes, eat beef and mutton, burn cow dung, use yaks and lead a nomadic life of chasing water plants. Due to the increase of herdsman population and livestock, the grassland at the source of the Yangtze River can't bear it. Coupled with the influence of the natural environment, the grassland is degraded year by year, forcing many herders to move their families to the snowy mountain mountainside with higher altitude and worse natural conditions to graze. The grazing height has exceeded the glacier tongue and reached the limit height of plant growth at an altitude of 5500 meters.

The tour guide starts from Tanggula Pass. The Qinghai-Tibet Railway is no longer parallel to the highway, but takes the no-man's land and goes straight into Amdo County, Xizang Autonomous Region. The Great Tanggula Pass is 523 1 m above sea level, which is the natural dividing line between the two provinces of Qinghai-Tibet and the highest point of the Qinghai-Tibet Line 109 National Highway. The top of Tanggula Mountain is covered with snow all year round, and dozens of ancient glaciers are running freely, which can be described as "the mountain is near and the river is far away". Here you can also see the mysterious four scenes of a day. Most tourists come and go to stay here, take photos and enjoy the scenery. Crossing the Great Tanggula Pass, there is a small Tanggula Pass at an altitude of 50 10 meters ahead. After that, I entered the Qiangtang Plateau in Tibet, surrounded by snow-capped mountains, blue sky and grasslands, and cattle and sheep were scattered in green fields like pearls. The oxygen content in the air here is only 60% of the horizontal line. Ordinary passengers passing through Tanggula Pass will have obvious altitude sickness.

The highest elevation of the railway in Tanggula mountain area is 5072 meters, which is 159 meters lower than that of the Qinghai-Tibet Highway, and the geological conditions are good. Tanggula Station is designed as a three-lane comprehensive station for both passenger and cargo. It is the highest intermediate station along the Qinghai-Tibet Railway and the highest railway station in the world. The waiting room is equipped with large-scale oxygen making equipment.

The 109 highway (i.e. 2 1 work area) at 3352km of Qinghai-Tibet Railway is nearly 5100m above sea level, which is responsible for the maintenance of Tanggula Pass. It is the highest among the 36 work areas along the Qinghai-Tibet Highway from Golmud to Lhasa, and is known as "the first road in the world".

Xiong Feng's historical and cultural mystery has always been a dream place for travelers and explorers. Legend has it that Genghis Khan led a great army into the South Asian subcontinent through the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, but was blocked by Tanggula Mountain. Bad weather, cold and lack of oxygen led to a large number of deaths. The invincible Genghis Khan can only look at the mountains and sigh, but he has no choice but to retreat. /kloc-in the 4th century, the western world got a true and fictional description of this plateau for the first time, and explorers, missionaries and climbers followed.