How can you not breathe well in cold weather?

How to prevent pollen allergic asthma?

People like to enjoy flowers in their daily lives, but few people pay attention to pollen, let alone know that some pollen is harmful to human health, especially to asthma patients. Asthma caused by inhaling pollen is called "pollen asthma", which is a seasonal attack or seasonal aggravation of asthma caused by inhaling some allergic pollen in a certain area or season.

Effective preventive measures are the best way to prevent pollen allergic asthma, which can include the following aspects:

(1) Avoid contact with pollen: If an asthmatic patient is diagnosed with pollen allergy, the first measure to be taken is to avoid or contact with pollen as little as possible, such as closing doors and windows in dry and hot weather or windy weather; Avoid going to the park during the pollen season; A few patients need to wear masks when they go out in the prone season. Of course, it is more ideal to temporarily move to areas with no sensitized pollen or less sensitized pollen during the pollen transmission season, but it is difficult to implement, and desensitization treatment and drug prevention measures are often needed in clinic.

(2) Desensitization therapy: This therapy can effectively prevent this disease, and the total effective rate is 80% ~ 90%. Desensitization therapy is the only preventive treatment for pollen allergic asthma. After proper treatment, the attack can be effectively prevented or obviously reduced. There are two main desensitization therapies:

① Conventional desensitization therapy: This is a perennial immunotherapy. By injecting pollen extract with increasing concentration twice a week, we strive to reach the maximum tolerance in 3 ~ 4 months. At this time, the body can produce enough IgG blocking antibodies to relieve symptoms or prevent seizures, and then switch to maintenance injection 1 ~ 2 times a week, which generally takes 3 ~ 5 years or longer to consolidate the curative effect. Because of the long course of treatment and high cost, this therapy is only suitable for patients with pollen allergy season.

Desensitization before season: This is the most commonly used method for pollen allergic asthma. Treatment began three months before the pollen season. In the pollen season, because the patient has received desensitization treatment for three months, enough IgG blocking antibodies have been produced in the body, which can play a good role in prevention and treatment. Then give 1 ~ 2 times a week to maintain injection, and stop treatment in the last month of the onset season. This not only shortens the course of treatment, but also has similar curative effect to conventional desensitization treatment.

(3) Drug prevention measures

① Sodium cromoglycate: This is the stabilizer of mast cell membrane, which can effectively prevent the attack of pollen allergic asthma. Medication is usually started 2 ~ 3 weeks before the frequent season. Powder 20 mg each, 20 mg each time, inhaled 4 times a day; There are two kinds of suspended aerosols: 3.5 mg and 5 mg per liter, and the usual dosage is 4 ~ 6 times a day.

② Tranilast: oral protective agent for mast cell membrane, with an external dosage of 65,438+0g each time, three times a day, usually starting 2-3 weeks before the onset season.

③ Ketotifen: The common oral dose is 1mg twice a day, which should be taken 2 ~ 3 weeks before the onset season. The treatment of pollen allergic asthma is a remedy for the failure of preventive measures;

(1) antihistamine

① Kemineng: It is a long-acting antihistamine with no central inhibitory effect. Every time 10 ~ 20mg, every day 1 time. Can effectively control the symptoms of pollen allergy.

② xianteming: it is also a long-acting antihistamine, with a dose of 10 ~ 20mg once a day, which can effectively control and improve the symptoms of pollen allergic asthma.

③ Terfenadine: 60 ~ 120mg each time, taken orally, twice a day.

(2) Glucocorticoids: When antihistamines and cromoglycate sodium are ineffective, inhaled glucocorticoids can be used. Betamethasone dipropionate and budesonide are commonly used, which can be used before the onset season 1 ~ 2 weeks, with good curative effect and few side effects.

(3) Bronchodilator: For those with mild symptoms, the symptoms can be controlled after inhaling bronchodilator. If the condition is serious, you can also take theophylline drugs or β2 agonists orally, and use them in combination with glucocorticoid when necessary.