When does mango ripen?

If it's in the south of China, it's usually summer.

In the tropics, all the year round.

Mango-Uraciaceae plants

Mango (scientific name: Mangifera indica) is native to North India and Malay Peninsula, and likes high temperature and dry weather. The optimum temperature for vegetative growth (roots, stems and leaves) is 24-30℃. When the temperature drops below 18℃, the growth is slow and stops below 10℃. In the reproductive growth period (flowers and leaves), it has been introduced and improved in many places, among which the top ten mango producing countries are: India, Mexico, Pakistan, Thailand, China, Indonesia, Philippines, Haiti and Congo.

Growth distribution

Folding distribution area

Mango is widely distributed. There are more than 70 countries producing mangoes in the world, 90% of which are concentrated in countries such as India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Malaysia. It is cultivated in eastern and western Africa, Tanzania and Zaire, Brazil and Mexico in America, Florida and Hawaii in the United States.

Mango is planted in Taiwan Province, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan and southern Fujian, southern Yunnan, southeast and southwest Yunnan, and Panzhihua, Sichuan. Except Taiwan Province Province, there are about 100 counties (cities) where mangoes are distributed and produced. Guangdong mainly produces Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Gaozhou and Xinyi. Guangxi mainly produces Nanning, Longzhou to Baise, Yongning, Bobai and Pingnan, among which Baise Tiandong was awarded the title of "Hometown of Mango" by the state. Hainan is mainly distributed in Danzhou, Changjiang, Baisha, Dongfang, Ledong, Sanya, Lingshui and other counties (cities), mainly in Haikou and Qiongshan. Yunnan is mainly distributed in Wenshan, Honghe, Yuxi, Lijiang, Zhaotong, Simao and Xishuangbanna, with Jinggu, Jingdong, Xinping, Yongde, Shuangjiang, Hekou and Jinghong as the main producing counties.

growing environment

1, Temperature: Mango prefers warmth to frost. The annual average temperature in mango producing areas in the world is above 20℃, and the monthly minimum temperature is above 15℃. The average annual temperature in the producing areas that can grow and bear fruit normally in China is 19. 8-24. 1℃, but the annual average temperature is 2 1-22℃, and the highest temperature in Leng Yue is above 15℃, and there are many frost-free areas almost all year round. The effective temperature for mango growth is 18-35℃, the suitable temperature for new shoot growth is 24-29℃, and the average daily temperature for fruit setting and young fruit growth should be greater than 20℃. Insufficient temperature, poor pollination and fertilization, and even inflorescence death or embryo abortion death. When the temperature is higher than 37℃, the fruit of Kobanawa will be sunburned; When the temperature is lower than 10℃, the growth of new shoots and panicles stops; When the temperature is lower than 5℃, seedlings, shoots and spikes will get cold. When the temperature is about 0℃, the aboveground parts of seedlings, the flowers and shoots of adult trees, and the peripheral leaves of 20 immature mangoes on the trees will all suffer, and even die in severe cases. Young trees below -3℃ freeze to death, and big trees freeze seriously.

2. Light: Mango is a kind of fruit tree that likes light. Adequate light can promote flower bud differentiation, blossom and set fruit, improve fruit quality and appearance. Usually, there are many flowers per plant with sunny crown or open environment, and the fruit setting rate is high; Mango fruit with too many branches and leaves, closed crown and insufficient light has few flowers and fruits, and its appearance and quality are poor. We can improve the lighting conditions in the garden and trees by shaping and pruning, thus increasing the yield and prolonging the high-yield period.

3. Moisture: Mango grows well in the area with annual rainfall of 700-2000mm, and the uneven distribution of annual rainfall in South China often affects its growth and development. If the air is too dry during flowering and early fruiting, it is easy to cause falling flowers and fruits; Too much rain leads to rotten flowers and poor pollination and fertilization; Too concentrated rainfall in summer often induces serious fruit diseases; Autumn drought after harvest mostly affects the germination and growth of autumn shoot mother branches.

Growth habit

Folding growth and development

Growth habit of bud tip Mango buds grow in a crown-like way, and the buds are wrapped by bracts. When growing, the bracts bloom first, the buds are elongated, the leaves are unfolded, and the bracts fall off immediately. The middle and lower leaves alternate, and the leaf spacing is large. Generally, branches are taken 6-8 times a year at seedling stage and young trees, 2-4 times for young fruit trees and 1-2 times for adult trees. Bamboo shoots are spring bamboo shoots in March-May, summer bamboo shoots in June-August, autumn bamboo shoots in September 9- 10/October165438+1October and winter bamboo shoots in June-February. Autumn shoots are the main fruiting branches in Hainan. However, spring shoots and summer shoots can also be fruiting mother branches. Under good conditions, some varieties of winter shoots sampled in June 1 February-June1can also blossom and bear fruit. It takes 15-35 days from bud germination to new shoot stop growing and leaf senescence. Summer and autumn shoots last for a short time, while winter shoots last for a long time. Branch growth and root growth alternate.

Folding, flowering and fruiting

blossom bud

Flower bud differentiation In general, the flower bud differentiation of mango begins from 10 to10. The flower promoter may differentiate at any time. It takes 20-39 days from flower bud differentiation to the first flowering of inflorescence, but the inflorescence continues to elongate after the first flowering. Proper low temperature and drought are beneficial to flower bud differentiation; High temperature is beneficial to the formation of bisexual flowers.

flower

Mango trees naturally bloom from 65438+February to the following year1-February, sometimes earlier than165438+1October or later than the following March, and the peak flowering period is around the Spring Festival. It takes 15-25 days for an inflorescence to bloom from the first flower to the whole inflorescence, and the flowering period of a tree is about 50 days. Mango flowers have bisexual flowers and male flowers, and bisexual flowers have normal stamens and pistils, which can be pollinated and fertilized normally. Male flowers have no pistil and cannot bear fruit after flowering. Most cultivated varieties have bisexual flowers accounting for more than 15%. It takes about 1.5 days for a flower to diffuse from petals to dry stigma.

fruit

After fruit development, flowering and fertilization, the ovary began to expand, and it increased rapidly after about 1.5 months, but it grew slowly or did not grow before 10- 15 days of fruit picking. At this time, it is mainly thickening, enrichment and weight gain. It takes 85- 1 10 days for early-maturing varieties, 100- 120 days for middle-maturing varieties and 150 days for late-maturing varieties. There are two obvious fruit drop peaks during fruit development: the first time is about two weeks after flowering, mainly because the small fruits with poor fertilization wither and fall off, and the fruit drop is large; The second time, 4-7 weeks after flowering, except for a small number of deformed fruits or stunted abortive fruits, more fruits fell due to insufficient nutrients and water. Physiological fruit drop rarely occurs after 2.5 months after flowering, and only wind damage, fruit cracking or plant diseases and insect pests will cause fruit drop within 80-85 days. The fruit harvesting period is from May to July, which varies with varieties and regions.