Hello, teacher, what points should I pay attention to when growing watermelons?

The method of planting a watermelon and harvesting two or three watermelons continuously means that the total output can be increased by more than 1 time compared with the conventional method of planting a watermelon, and the benefit can be improved by 30%-50%.

1. Choose protected cultivation to extend the growing period as much as possible. Watermelon is a thermophilic crop, which can bear fruit continuously in the range of 18-35℃. In order to make a plant get more harvest, protective cultivation should be carried out to prolong the growing season.

2. Select varieties with strong growth and stress resistance for grafting. Taiwan Province Panther, Yuyinongkang No.2, Yuyi Mannan and other varieties with large growth, disease resistance and good quality were selected and grafted with watermelon special rootstock FS90C.

3. Fine soil preparation and sufficient base fertilizer. (1) The base fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer, supplemented by chemical fertilizer, with balanced fertilization and layered fertilization. According to the production of 500 kilograms of watermelon, it needs 0.95 kilograms of pure nitrogen, 0.46 kilograms of phosphorus pentoxide and 0.67 kilograms of potassium oxide. According to the yield of 5000 kg per mu of watermelon, 3 cubic meters of chicken manure and 5 cubic meters of farmyard manure are needed for medium soil fertility. 50 kilograms of potassium sulfate. (2) The land is turned 30-40cm deep, leveled and raked, leaving no light and dark garbage. Farm manure, chicken manure and 50% chemical fertilizer were scattered on the surface and turned into soil. Cake fertilizer and surplus chemical fertilizer were applied in planting rows with width of 1.5cm, accounting for 40% of the total, and the rest 10% was applied during planting.

4. Trim three vines of the first crop of melon (1), that is, except the main vine, select two robust lateral branches at its 3-5 nodes, and smooth all other branches before the watermelon bears fruit. Select the third or fourth female flower of the main vine to keep fruit (the node position is controlled within the range of 18-22 nodes) 60000105 When the melon grows to the size of a fist and enters the fast growth period, one young melon with good fruit shape and fast growth is left, and the other one is removed (the lateral vine is removed). Leave 10 piece for topping or planting before the main tendril to promote the growth of side branches, and do not branch again. (2) After the second crop of melons stops expanding, leave the fruits on the side branches. If there are two side branches, if the two melons are the same size, keep them all, otherwise, pick the small ones and leave the big ones. Practice has proved that the quality, size and yield of the second-crop melon are not lower than that of the first-crop melon. After one crop of melons is ripe and picked, it is just catching up with the second crop of melons to shed hair and enter a period of rapid expansion. At this time, topdressing and watering can not only ensure the quality of one crop of melons, but also ensure the high yield of the second crop of melons. (After the first crop of melon is fixed, the loss of nutrients in the fruit decreases and its content increases. So the second crop of melon is easy to bear fruit. (3) The functional period of watermelon leaves is about 50 days, even if it doesn't turn yellow in the future, the assimilation function is very low. Therefore, after the first crop is ripe, the main fruiting vine and its old and diseased leaves at the base should be cut off, but attention should be paid to keeping 2-4 nodes to promote the emergence of side branches and lay the foundation for 3-4 crops. (4) Attention to picking melons: However, the vines should be straightened in time. When picking melons and cutting vines, leave 30-40 cm. Do not disturb or spray other vines, leaves and immature watermelons. Operators should not smoke, so as not to spread tobacco mosaic virus artificially. The pruning time is better in sunny morning and the picking time is better in sunny afternoon. It is not suitable for pruning and picking melons in the morning and cloudy days. (5) Protecting roots and leaves to prevent premature senility depends on seedling management.

5. When transplanting under water and fertilizer management, each tree should be watered with "settling water" of about 1 kg in the sunny morning, and the planting water should be thoroughly poured in the small ridge for more than 2 days in sunny days to keep the soil moist and dry; When the seedlings have 6-7 big leaves, they should be watered once and applied with "eccentric fertilizer" to keep the same potential; When there are 10 real leaves, water them in the gutter again. If the base fertilizer is insufficient, furrow can be opened at a distance of 0/5 cm from the melon tree/kloc-0, and decomposed cake fertilizer, chicken manure and chemical fertilizer can be applied. In sandy soil and Gua Tian, where seedling potential is weak, 65,438+00 kg urea can be added with water to make seedling fertilizer, and it can be dried until it is wet. About 13 true leaves, 1 when female flowers bloom, the remaining one brand watermelon is applied with 1 kg sugar enhancer per mu; When the fist of the first crop of melon is big, water the whole field once, topdressing with 20 kg of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 25 kg of urea, spraying 0.2% borax and 600 times of cytokinin on the leaves, and watering with small water stalks to keep the soil moist until the fruit is ripe. After the first and second crops of melons are harvested, topdressing is performed once, with decomposed oil residue 100kg, 20 tons of human excrement and 25 tons of hydrazine. Apply to the root side or small line of 20 cm. After applying the pesticide, the whole field is flooded, and human excrement and urine are applied to the small row with the water. After that, water and fertilizer management is the same as the first crop.

6. Pests and diseases are mainly epidemic diseases, anthrax and virus diseases. After slow planting, spraying 500 times of Fengshou liquid and 500 times of Jianzhibao liquid every 65,438+00 days can basically protect against diseases all the time. The focus of pests is root maggots and red spiders. The former can be irrigated with poisonous silk (40%800 times solution), while the latter can use efficient and non-toxic bionic pesticides, insects and mites, in hot and dry weather from late May to early June.

7, special management should be based on the growth of plants and fruits in a timely manner to adjust management methods:

(1) When the chemical control method makes the melon seedlings grow vigorously, spray 3g of mepiquat chloride per mu and 50kg of water on the leaves; When the growth of melon seedlings is weak, spraying gibberellin 1g, cytokinin 75g and water 50kg on the leaves, and irrigation with 5000 times of Xiaduoshou and 2000 times of NAA solution can obviously promote the vines from weak to strong.

(2) clamp the stem and clamp the root. This method is suitable for plots with strong melon seedlings. When watermelon blooms and pollinates, squeeze the seedlings behind the young melons and hear a "click". If the second female flower can't sit on the melon after pinching the seedlings, when the third female flower appears, use two pieces of bamboo or wood with a length of 15cm to firmly clamp the root of the melon one finger deep from the ground.

8. When picking melons in time to judge whether the watermelons are ripe or not, the method of "one count, two looks and three beats" is often adopted. In general, the days from flowering to maturity of each variety are basically fixed, with 30 days for Yuyi Ganlu, 35 days for Yuyi Nongkang No.2 and 40 days for Taiwan Province Panther. But the maturity of watermelon is actually determined by the accumulated temperature after flowering and fruit setting. If it is cloudy after flowering and fruit setting, the maturity of watermelon in greenhouse will be delayed. Therefore, it is accurate to judge the number of days after pollination by combining the accumulated temperature. "Look" mainly depends on the color of melon skin and the characteristics of fruit stalks. Mature melon skin is hard, shiny and smooth, with clear patterns, the color changes from fresh to dark, the navel of the melon shrinks slightly, most of the hairs on the handle of the melon fall off, and the tendrils of the sitting melon dry up without disease 1/2 or more. Pat the melon with one hand. If it is a sand melon, the palm of the melon will tremble slightly. Raw melons will make a crisp sound of "bang bang".

As for other points that need attention, you can go to the website of "Jintianzi Sannong Tong", which contains many articles on plant cultivation techniques.