"Preface to the Lanting Collection" Chinese Lesson Plan for Grade One Chinese

Teaching objectives

1. Understand the origin and process of the Lanting Banquet, understand the reasons why the author’s emotions changed from joy to sorrow, and the attachment and love for life implicit in the deep exclamation. feeling.

2. Understand the syntactic characteristics of parallel prose and prose in this article.

3. Recite the full text and master the ambiguity of words such as "xiu, period, zhi, lin, ci".

Teaching focus

1. Understand the emotion about the impermanence of life caused by this gathering, and clarify the author’s thoughts and feelings.

2. Recite the full text.

Teaching Difficulties

1. Understand the positive emotions contained in the author’s deep exclamations.

2. Determine the specific meanings of polysemy words in the article, such as "一" in "One cup and one chant are enough to describe the quiet feelings" (quantifier) ??"The lady's appearance and admiration for the whole life" (whole) "Gu Zhi" The meanings in the four sentences such as "one death and life are empty" (see... as the same), "so the excitement and joy are the same" (the same, the same).

Preparation of teaching aids

Projector, film recorder, teaching tape, copy of "Preface to the Lanting Collection"

Class schedule

2 class hours

First lesson

[Teaching points]

Understand Wang Xizhi and his works. Play the recording and read the example, and understand the syntax of parallel prose and the main character of prose. Read the text aloud, combine it with the annotations, grasp the meaning of the text, and understand the characteristics of this article as a banquet poem.

[Teaching steps]

1. Introduction

Lanzhu Mountain in Shaoxing, Zhejiang is a beautiful place. Gou Jian, King of Yue, once planted orchids here. Although orchids are plentiful and fragrant, they are difficult to find after the season. However, due to Wang Xizhi's "Wan Xiu" ritual (in ancient times, the "Si" day in early March was regarded as the Wan Xiu day. This was an ancient custom of washing, playing, praying, and eliminating disasters at the water's edge. ), in the ninth year of Yonghe reign of Emperor Mu of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, 41 people including Wang Xizhi, Xie An, Sun Chuo, etc. gathered here. They drank wine, drank wine, composed poems, and expressed their feelings. Finally, Wang Xizhi wrote a preface summarizing the events. Wang Xizhi not only wrote good articles, but was also good at calligraphy and was known as the sage of calligraphy. As a result, the Lanting Pavilion (Lanzhu Pavilion) has an eternal fragrance, which greatly exceeds the fragrance of orchids. Let us enjoy it together.

2. Introduction to the author

Students read the notes ①. The teacher added: The Wei and Jin Dynasties played an important role in the development history of Chinese expressive art as a link between the past and the future. Wang Xizhi's regular script works such as "Le Yi Lun" and "Huang Tingjian" are called "the sages of calligraphy", and the cursive "Preface to the Lanting Collection" is praised by later calligraphers as "the best in running script". After serving as an official, he joined the Youjun army and became the king of Youjun in the world. Due to a disagreement with the governor of Yangzhou, he claimed to be ill and left the county. He indulged in the mountains and rivers, went fishing for his own entertainment, and died. Later generations compiled two volumes of "Wang Youjun Collection". According to legend, Wang Xizhi learned calligraphy at the age of 7, and read commentaries written by his predecessors at the age of 12. When I was young, I studied Wei Shuo and thought I was not bad at it. Later, he crossed the Yangtze River to visit famous mountains and saw the calligraphy of famous artists such as Li Si and Zhong Yao. In Luoyang, he saw Cai Yong's Stone Classics and Zhang Chang's "Huayue Stele", and began to realize that he was not up to par. So he studied many monuments and his calligraphy skills greatly improved from then on. He created a new style of Yanmei Liuben and pushed cursive writing to a whole new level. His cursive writing best embodies the artistic beauty of majestic and flowing writing. Commentators describe his writing style as floating like floating clouds and as powerful as a frightening dragon. Later generations praised him as the sage of calligraphy. His predecessors commented on him as "floating like clouds and as powerful as a frightening dragon" and "the secrets of heaven are spreading and showing off clearly".

3. Problem Solving

The preface is also written with "narration" or "introduction", just like today's "introduction" and "preface". The "preface" is generally written at the front of the article and listed at the end of the book as "postscript" or "post-preface". Preface is a style of writing, and there are two types. One is a gift preface, and the other is a book preface. The latter is generally written at the front of the book or collection of essays, and the content is mostly about introducing the content and features of the book, the process of writing the book, and the purpose of the bibliography. Some are similar to essays, some are similar to narratives, some are like expository essays, and some are written in the same style as prose. Most of these are written for collections of poetry and harmony. "Preface to the Lanting Collection" is such an article.

4. Play the recording and let students listen to the recording once. The teacher emphasizes the pronunciation of some words. Projection: polyphonic characters: Kuài jī (kuài jī) sighs with emotion (xì) I never knew that old age is coming (zēng) Tongjiazi: qushewanshu (tong "trend") The ancient view of the present is also based on the present view of the past (tong "ju" ”)

5. Read the text aloud and understand the syntax of this article, which is parallel to both parallel and prose, with mainly prose.

6. Read the text carefully, combine the annotations, familiarize yourself with the meaning of the text, and think about: What is the difference between this article and the general book preface, and find out the sentences related to "Lanting Collection". Be clear: A general book preface introduces the process of writing the book, the purpose of publishing, the arrangement of the book, or the author's situation, etc. It can also include comments on the author's works and research and analysis of related issues. As a preface to the book, this article introduces the reason for writing the poem ("all the virtuous people came to the world due to the cultivation of evil spirits"), the circumstances of the writing of the poem ("One cup and one chant are enough to describe the quiet feelings"), and the process of writing the book ("Listing the people at that time, recording "It's described"), and the meaning of this book ("Those who read it later will also have the courage to be polite").

This article talks about the view of life and death from banquet activities, and is good at using topics to discuss the meaning of life. This is the difference between "Preface to the Lanting Collection" and other prefaces to other books.

7. Assign homework

Read the full text carefully, grasp the general idea of ??each paragraph, and complete the thinking exercise 1.

Second Lesson

[Teaching Points] Adopt the reading teaching method, focusing on guiding students to read.

Contains two parts:

① Make a simple analysis of the text content, in order to form a recitation idea as soon as possible.

②Tone reveals. Break through the difficult points, guide students to understand the seemingly negative and pessimistic but actually positive life sentiments of this article, and summarize the meaning of the word. [Teaching Steps] 1. Students read the full text together and check the mastery of polyphonic characters and Tongqi characters. 2. Analyze understanding and guide reading. 3. Overall perception and clarify ideas. 1. What kind of emotions and changes does the author write in this article? Clarify: by The joy brings pain, the pain brings emotion, and the ending brings sadness. The whole text has ups and downs of emotions, and the feelings are sincere.

2. Discuss in groups, divide the article into paragraphs, and summarize the key points. Clarify and write on the blackboard: Part 1: Describe the grand occasion of the banquet (Happiness) Part 2: Express feelings about life (Pain) Part 3: Explain the purpose of the preface (Sadness)

IV. Appreciation of the text

(1) First paragraph:

(1) Focus on the first part of the text and see from which aspects the author writes when expressing his mood? Clearly: Time: Yonghe At the beginning of the late spring of the ninth year, place: Orchid Pavilion in Shanyin, Kuaiji. Scenery: high mountains, lush forests, bamboos, clear streams, rapids, clear weather, and gentle winds. Characters: all the virtuous people have arrived, young and old have gathered. Grand occasion: sit next to each other. One drink, one chant, and a narration of lonely feelings: letter. Coca Cola's writing method: describing the scenery, lyrical narrative, and the author's concise, elegant, and witty language, describe the beautiful natural scenery of the banquet place. Appreciation: High mountains, luxuriant forests and bamboos, clear and rapid streams, and reflections left and right. The author uses concise, elegant, and sonorous language to describe the beautiful natural scenery of the banquet place. The mountains and ridges are majestic; the lush forests and bamboos are deep and quiet; the clear streams are clean and clear; the rushing water is full of flying flowers and jade. These scenery are clear, clear, and full of vitality.

Appreciation: It is thought that the wine is flowing... The literati are all elegant people, so wine and poetry are inevitable in their gatherings. Wine is the catalyst of emotion, and poetry is the product of emotion. He drinks wine (Put the cup of wine on the water and follow the curved water, and whoever flows in front of it will drink from it), so poetry became popular, and they wrote poems one after another. Although there is no flourishing of silk and bamboo orchestral music, we can still express our feelings and express our feelings. It seems that time is turned back, and when I return to the Orchid Pavilion gathering, I seem to see the elegant demeanor and poetic life among these elegant scholars. This beautiful gathering has become a story of eternal legend since then. To this day, every year on March 3rd, many calligraphers, painters, and writers gather here to drink Qushui and express the pride of modern people through the place of the ancients. Appreciation: The sky is clear, the air is clear, and the wind is gentle and gentle. Up... down.... Taking advantage of the joy, I strolled up to the highest point of Orchid Pavilion. The author looks up and sees that the world is so vast and the universe is so vast; looking down, all things in nature are so lush and prosperous and full of vitality. Wang Xizhi, with his eyes wide open and his mind open, wanted to take in all the beauty of nature. Maximize your senses and enjoy the happiness of life. The author expresses a heartfelt sigh, which is a joy to believe. This is really the ultimate in life. This kind of joy is the intoxication of the beautiful scenery of Lanting, and the joy that comes from the gathering in Lanting.

(2) Students try to recite the first paragraph. Clarify the idea of ??reciting: it describes the time, place, cause, and people of the gathering. "There are high mountains here" introduces the description of the surrounding environment and scenes. Finally, "This is the day" leads to the description of the mood of the visitors and expresses the mood of the gathering. Requirements: Students should understand the author's concise, concise and witty descriptions of scenes, and feel the author's happy state of mind. Ask students to excerpt the scene-writing sentences.

(2) Study the second paragraph.

Understand the author’s changes in mood. People often say: Good flowers don't always bloom, good times don't always last, and there is no feast that lasts forever. Let's see what the author's mood is expressed in the next paragraph. Find the word "pain" that best reflects the author's emotion. Pain? Heartbreak? Regret? Grief? Don’t rush to answer. Let’s first look at why the author is in pain? Pitch: Refers to the relationship between advancement and retreat in social and personnel affairs. If people want to live truly in reality, they always have to deal with all kinds of people and things. This is secular life. How to face secular life, the author summarizes two different attitudes towards life. Or take them into your arms and talk about them in a room: talk about your ambitions in the room. Because of what you have entrusted to you, you can go wild: you can live an unfettered life by following the things you like, relying on your own feelings, without restraint. Are these two attitudes toward life desirable? Is it possible to have a more positive attitude towards life, for example, using one's talents to go out into the society to express one's ambitions in life? Analysis: Wang Chu's era was one of extremely harsh politics and extreme social turmoil. In the era, there were few celebrities in the world who were perfect. Many famous literati died in the cruel power struggle. Therefore, the first priority of celebrities in the world is to save their lives. Therefore, one of them talked about the mysterious enlightenment: Enlightenment can be achieved within one room, while some people retreat to the mountains and forests and wander around.

Just as Wang Xizhi wrote in the article: Although the fun is comfortable and the noise is different, you should be happy with what you encounter, temporarily gain yourself, and be content with yourself. They are intoxicated with momentary happiness and pursue temporary satisfaction. But in the moment of satisfaction and intoxication, as time goes by, youth is gone, and achievements are not achieved, the author naturally expresses the emotion of life, never knowing that old age is coming. When you are tired, your emotions change with things, and you are filled with emotion. Life is such a never-ending pursuit of satisfaction and constant boredom. It is full of happiness and endless troubles. How can you not be filled with emotion? What I admire about Xiang has become an old trace, but I still cannot help but feel happy about it. The grand gatherings of the past have turned into vivid memories, and the joy that we had in the past has flowed away to the east like flowing water. It is true that beautiful scenery does not last forever, and great feasts are hard to come back. How can this not make people feel sad? Conditions can be shortened and changed,... Moreover, the length of human lifespan must be left to fate. No matter the length of lifespan, the result is that the end will be the same through different paths. People will always die. No sentient life can resist the ruthlessness of time. Swallowing, death is so powerful and irresistible, so individual life is so small and fragile in front of it, and it is impossible to avoid thinking about death. The author once again felt the pain of life while observing death. What is this kind of pain? It is a feeling of regret, a regret for the shortness of life and the impermanence of things. Try to recite the second paragraph

(3) Read and analyze the third natural paragraph.

Find the words to express the situation: Are sadness and pain the same emotion? They are different. Let us first take a look at why he is sad? What is he sad about? Why is the author sad, and his life Views are closely related to each other. Find this sentence: Guzhi...Buddhists and Taoists always regard life and death as very nihilistic and detached. They live and die in life and death, but we are not gods and Taoists, we are flesh and blood. , we must cherish life, scholar-bureaucrats should help the world\, and realize their own ambitions. But this outlook on life seems so hypocritical and ridiculous to me. Just because I cherish life so much, every sage... I feel sorry for the ancients, because my experience of life is so similar to that of the ancients; I also feel sad for future generations, who will look at the past through the present, and future generations will read my articles as I read the ancients. Like his articles, he asked about the past and present and lamented. The sadness here is different from the pain in the previous paragraph. It is a rational reflection on individual pain. It is about grieving for others, which is more profound and touching. Human society has progressed for many years since ancient times, and the development of human civilization is also different from what it was in the past. However, no matter how the world changes, human beings' experience of the essence of life (life, youth, pain, etc.) is the same. Wang Xizhi is also the same It was the expression of this eternal sorrow that moved us so deeply.

About the content of Lanting Poetry, the content of Lanting Poetry may express the joy of enjoying landscapes and express the aesthetic taste of landscapes; or it may express mystical principles directly from landscapes. The joy of traveling includes the beauty of mountains and rivers, the joy of drinking, and the elegance of writing poems in the flow. The core content is to obtain aesthetic pleasure in the beautiful natural and humanistic environment. For example, Wang Xizhi said: "I am happy with this late spring, and the gentleness is contained in the gentleness. I chant the dance and dance, and the flow is the same in different worlds." "Although there are no silks and bamboos, there is a clear sound in the Xuanquan. Although there are no whistles and songs, the chants have a lingering fragrance." Sun Tong : "When the birds sing in the long stream, thousands of sounds blow on the peaks." There are also some poems written about forgetting sorrow in the edification of mountains and rivers. For example, Wang Xuanzhi said: "The pines and bamboos stand tall on the cliffs, and the secluded streams stir up the clear currents. The emotions and ambitions are dispersed, and the worries are relaxed and relaxed." Wang Zhengzhi: "The mountains and rivers are scattered, and the emotions are relaxed and forgotten." Wang Yunzhi: "The emotions and aspirations are scattered, and the dust is suddenly tasseled. Donated." This part is roughly equivalent to the first half of Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Lanting Collection". Works that understand metaphysics during landscape tours, such as Wang Xizhi's: "Looking up at the blue sky, overlooking the green waterside. It is so vast and unobstructed that the principles are presented to you. ... Although the sounds of the group are different, they are nothing but new for me." This is from During the landscape tour, you can realize the endless power of nature. Xie An: "Thousands of things are mixed up, and Peng Shang can be restored to peace." It expresses the confusion of all things.

Fourth, it does not distinguish Peng Shang's mysterious principles.

The Lanting poem marks that the poet has begun to pay attention to the aesthetics of landscapes and understand the mysterious principles from landscapes. This attempt heralded the rise of landscape poetry. The Lanting Elegant Collection had a significant impact on the life interests of Chinese literati, and also promoted the formation of poetry schools. Clarify the ideas for recitation: First, based on the experience of reading the works of the ancients, "if they are in harmony", and thus deepening one's own feelings, it shows that the ancients also had feelings about death and life; then, in connection with the present, criticize the current scholar-officials for "one death and life are an illusion" ", Qi Pengshang is a fool's errand", which shows Wang Xizhi's persistent efforts to resist the illusion of life; then, he turns his sights to the future, forcing out the two sentences "The future will look at the present, and the present will also look at the past", and uttered "How sad" sigh. He cleverly brings the topic to the compilation and significance of the collection of poems, and concludes the full text with the words "those who read it later will also feel the elegance."

[Extended reading]

Read Wang Xizhi's "Lanting Poetry" and "Lanting Collection Preface" side by side, the natural scenery in the "Lanting Collection Preface" and the natural scenery in the poem How do the poems correspond? Are these natural scenes purely objective natural things? Teachers can print and distribute "Orchid Pavilion Poems" to students. One of the poems in "Orchid Pavilion" looks up to the blue sky and overlooks the Lushui River. The view of silence and limitlessness allows the mind to express itself. Great creation of chemical industry, all things are uneven. Although the sounds of the group are different, they are nothing but new to me. The words "looking up at the blue sky" in the poem correspond to "looking up at the vastness of the universe" and "the sky is clear and clear" in the "Preface". "Overlooking the Lushui River" in the poem corresponds to "overlooking the prosperity of categories" and "clear currents and rapids" in the "Preface".

The "Boundless View", "Wanshu" and "Qunlai" in the poem correspond to the "high mountains, lush forests and bamboos, clear streams and turbulent winds, warm winds and warm sun" in the "Preface". These scenery are not objectively existing scenery, but emotional scenery that embodies the poet's mind. Judging from the last sentence of the poem, although all things in the universe are different, they all give the author a new and lovely feeling. Read the third natural paragraph of the text together as a group and recite it.

5. Thoughts on exploratory reading training

The text laments the approaching old age and the impermanence of life. The mood is a bit low, but the author’s positive emotions are all contained in it. How do you do it? Students who looked at this issue discussed in groups. Clarity: The author's description of the banquet environment in the first paragraph of this article is simple and elegant, capturing its charm, with clear sky and gentle breeze. These words show the author's happy mood and love for natural beauty. In the second natural paragraph, although the author laments the fleeting time and the short life, there is an implicit attachment and love for life between the lines. It is precisely because of the author's fresh understanding of life's worries that he can maximize his strengths and avoid weaknesses and create unlimited value in a limited life. In the third natural paragraph, while describing the lamentations of the ancients, present and future generations about the impermanence of life, the author also criticized Zhuang Zhou's nihilism of "life and death" and "Qi Peng Shang", which should of course be regarded as positive. In history, those who lamented life were often those with the most creative value, such as Cao Cao and Li Bai. Cao Cao wrote in his poem, "The geometry of life is like singing to wine, such as the morning glow, and the passing days will be more bitter." However, this does not prevent him from Become a hero in troubled times.

It is precisely because they are full of persistence in life that they lament the passage of time so much. Most of Wang Xizhi's articles are "negative on the surface and persistent on the inside." Wang Xizhi's outstanding achievements in calligraphy are his most persistent efforts to fight against the nihility of life. The Wei and Jin Dynasties are generally considered to be an era of human and literary consciousness in the history of our country. People in the Wei and Jin Dynasties had a profound and subtle understanding and exploration of themselves and the external objective world, which made the literary works of this period full of strong life consciousness and cosmic sentiment. Wang Xizhi's "Preface to the Lanting Collection" recorded the ancient romance of the participants. Reading it to this day still makes me moved with compassion.

The article focuses on the two words "death and life". It was just for the scholar-bureaucrats at that time to talk about the affairs, and there was little practical effect. They lived and died, and there was no economic plan. But there are few people who are open-minded and open-minded. Therefore, although they are desolate and sighing, they have infinite leisure and fun.

7. Assign homework

1. Recite the full text.

2. Complete the exercises in "The Rhythm of Kao"