What are the pre-school stomach diseases in veterinary medicine?

Diagnosis and treatment of forestomach diseases in ruminants

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The stomach of ruminants consists of rumen, reticulum, flap stomach and abomasum. Only abomasum is equivalent to the stomach of other animals, and other parts are called forestomachs. Stomach diseases in ruminants include rumen food accumulation, rumen flatulence, gastric acidosis, gastric valve obstruction and traumatic reticular gastritis. Each kind of gastropathy has its own clinical characteristics, but it also has the same pathological process.

1 Rumen food accumulation

Most of the disease is due to the fact that rumen contents can not be sent back in time, which leads to forestomach disease. Its clinical characteristics are dehydration, rumen dilatation, loss of appetite or abandonment of stomach, and rumination generally stops.

The main reasons include overeating a lot of delicious feed; Long-term intake of indigestible feed (straw, bean stalk, bean roll); Lack or shortage of drinking water; Overwork or stress. Secondary causes include epigastric growth retardation, gastric flap and abomasum obstruction, abomasum displacement and traumatic reticular pericarditis.

Clinical symptoms of 1. 1

Loss of appetite, decreased or stopped rumination and burping, abdominal pain and chewing in cattle. During auscultation, peristalsis sounds weaken or disappear, palpation refers to indentation, and some stomach contents are as hard as stones. Rectal examination can increase the volume. The sick animals are highly depressed, dehydrated, swollen in the lower abdomen, and feel shock or hydronephrosis by palpation.

1.2 diagnosis and treatment

Clinical diagnosis is difficult, lack of special symptoms. Look at history, according to the state of rumen.

Methods to promote the discharge of contents include gastric lavage and slow discharge (using laxatives such as salt, sodium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, artificial salt, oil, liquid paraffin and vegetable oil).

Use physiological saline, 5% glucose solution and compound saline to correct dehydration. In case of acidosis, 5% sodium bicarbonate injection can be injected intravenously.

2 Rumen swelling

A disease in which a large amount of gas is produced in the rumen, the rumen expands and the internal organs are oppressed. It is characterized by large abdominal circumference, dyspnea, drumming and elastic palpation.

The main reason is to eat fermented feed (leguminous plants) or hot grass; Secondary diseases are more common in valvular gastric obstruction, traumatic reticular pericarditis, gastric antrum development retardation and plant poisoning.

2. 1 clinical symptoms

It usually occurs a few hours after eating, with loss of appetite, excitement, rumination, abdominal pain, hyperactivity of heart, cyanosis of mucosa, shortness of breath and sometimes sweating. The main symptoms are rapid expansion of abdominal circumference, prominent fossa, tense and elastic abdominal wall, drumming, dyspnea and late heart failure.

2.2 Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis can be made according to the medical history and clinical characteristics.

Ventilation to reduce swelling and massage to promote belching. The exhaust speed is not easy to be too fast, so as to avoid coma caused by cerebral anemia.

Fish fat is fermented with alcohol, and15g cattle is fermented with 30 ml alcohol; Sheep 5g, alcohol10ml. Used for quenching water, it has antiseptic and anti-fermentation effects. Turpentine oil, 20-30ml of cattle and 5ml of sheep, with a certain amount of water for oral administration.

3. Traumatic reticular pericarditis

Sharp foreign bodies enter or fall into reticular tissue, penetrate reticular diaphragm and stab inflammatory diseases caused by pericarditis. Its clinical characteristics are sensitive reticular area, hydronephrosis or fricative sound during auscultation, and the affected animal is in a special position, and the mandible and chest are swollen and the jugular vein is dilated in the later stage. The reason is eating sharp foreign objects (nails, needles, iron wires, hairpins, tacks, etc.). ) wrong.

3. 1 clinical symptoms

Early epigastric atony (loss of appetite, severe loss of appetite, pica), the unique symptoms of this disease appear in the middle and late stage, standing in a posture of high front and low back, arching back and abduction of elbow head; Lying in the front and back position, abnormal movement, uphill, unwilling to make sharp turns downhill, slow movement when walking, abnormal induced reaction, giving drugs to the front stomach, but aggravating the condition.

The gastrocnemius and pericardium palpated with pain, and the skin on the scapula felt pain. Auscultation shows that there is a certain amount of fluid in the pericardium, and the sound of effusion and friction (cellulosic inflammation) can be heard.

The affected animals have difficulty in ruminating and swallowing, painful expression and slow rumination. Body temperature rises slightly, pulse and shortness of breath, and nasal endoscope is dry. Hard varicose veins, rope-like, swollen chin and chest.

Early diagnosis is difficult, but later diagnosis is easy.

3.2 treatment

Once diagnosed, the affected animals should be eliminated, not treated.

Early detection can be achieved through surgery, rumen cutting, putting your hand into the appetite of the tumor, and taking out foreign bodies to diminish inflammation. Puncture with antibiotics or pericardium, extract fluid and inject normal saline.

Four-valve gastric obstruction

The disease, also known as louver dryness, refers to premature delivery caused by the contents staying in the valve stomach, drying and hardening, which makes the valve stomach compressed. It is characterized by cracked nose mirror, abacus-like feces, palpation of flap stomach, pain of affected animals and enlargement of chaotic sound area during percussion.

The primary reasons are poor feed quality (undigested feed, too fine feed, lack of drinking water and insufficient exercise (from grazing to house feeding); Secondary causes include epigastric bradycardia, abomasum and valvular gastric obstruction.

4. 1 clinical symptoms

At the initial stage, loss of appetite, dry stool in pie shape, mild rumen gas, disappearance of peristalsis sound of valve stomach, palpation of valve stomach sensitivity (right 7-9 intercostal space), and expansion of voiced sound. With the progress of the disease, the symptoms get worse, the nose mirror is chapped, chewing in the mouth, the feces are abacus beads, and rumination disappears. In the later stage, body temperature rises, loss of appetite, body depression, dehydration, irregular heartbeat rhythm, rectal emptying, a small amount of mucus, brown loose stool, and stomach puncture resistance.

4.2 Diagnosis and treatment

Diagnosis is difficult, and most cases are found by autopsy after death. If the diagnosis is confirmed, laparotomy is needed.

Promote the discharge of stomach contents. ① laxatives can be used to soften the contents of valvular stomach injection; ② In order to promote gastric peristalsis, concentrated saline can be used. ③ Operation: cut the rumen and inject magnesium sulfate solution for washing.

Correct dehydration (fluid replacement) and poisoning, strengthen the heart and nourish the stomach.

5 tumor gastric acidosis

Sudden intake of carbohydrate-rich feed by domestic animals is dyspeptic syndrome caused by abnormal fermentation in the stomach. It is characterized by dehydration and neurological symptoms, loss of appetite, soft rumen contents, excessive lactic acid and short and urgent course of disease. Causes include sudden intake of a large number of carbohydrate-rich feed, cereal corn and root feed, such as potatoes, beets, water, rice, oil, flour and starch.

5. 1 clinical symptoms

The most acute types are high depression, extreme weakness, dilated pupils, blindness and inability to stand. Body temperature is 36.5-38.0oC, hypertonic dehydration, and weight loss is 8%- 12%. Abdominal swelling, soft and watery contents, heartbeat above 1 10 beats/min, and death in 3-5 hours. The reason is endotoxin poisoning, ciliate death, and the pH value of the contents is less than 5.

Acute type is characterized by depression, slight pupil dilation, loss of appetite, molar rumination stop, rumen contents are watery, pH value is 5-6, cilia death, soft and sour feces, neurological symptoms, coma with head bending and angle inversion. Poisoning dehydration (8%- 10%) often dies within 24 hours if it is not treated in time.

The subacute type is characterized by anorexia or abandonment, listlessness, normal pupils, mild dehydration of 4%-6%, pH value of rumen contents of 5.5-6.5, and little ciliates live. The stool is thin and soft, or the pulse is like dough, and the course of disease is within 96 hours. Often secondary to hoof inflammation and neoplastic gastritis.

Symptoms are mild, indigestion, loss of appetite, decreased rumination, weakened rumen peristalsis, watery feces and powdery contents, which generally heal themselves without treatment, with a pH of 6.5-7.0.

5.2 Diagnosis and treatment

According to the history and clinical characteristics of overeating, the contents of dehydrated stomach are thin and soft, and the appetite is poor, so as to determine the pH value of stomach contents.

Thoroughly remove the contents of the stomach, and rinse with 1% sodium bicarbonate solution (mainly gastric lavage) until there is no sour taste.

Correct dehydration and poisoning. Symptomatic treatment to restore gastric function. Stomach tonic first, then stomach tonic and cardiotonic.

Fluid replacement is mainly based on compound normal saline and normal saline. For acidosis, 3-6 liters of sodium bicarbonate can be supplemented, and vitamin C can also be combined. If the pH value is less than 4.5, most of them have poor healing.

Aquaculture technical consultant