Appreciation of Li Yu's Liangzhou Ancient Poems

Li Yu, a famous litterateur in Qing Dynasty, loved to travel around the country and make friends with celebrities since childhood, and his footprints were all over the country, inside and outside the Great Wall. Kangxi five years (1666), Li Yu 56 years old. He started from Nanjing, went to Yanqin, passed Zhengding, Hebei, Pingyang, Shanxi, and arrived in xi 'an. At the beginning of the 6th year of Kangxi (1667), he arrived in Gaolan (now Lanzhou) at the invitation of Liu Dou, governor of Gansu Province, and Zhang Yong, the magistrate. After stopping in Lanzhou, he continued westward. In May, he came to Liangzhou, an important town in the northwest, and wrote down the famous four wonders of Liangzhou:

Like this, it's called Khan roaming, and now people suddenly go to Guliangzhou.

A few folk songs in the flute will always bring autumn in four seasons.

Liangzhou is a famous historical and cultural city. Since Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty sent Huo Qubing, a general, out of Hexi twice to drive away the Huns, recover Hexi and set up four counties in Hexi, Liangzhou has become an important post for cultural exchanges between the East and the West on the Silk Road. In the Tang Dynasty, Liangzhou established the Hexi Provincial Government, and Liangzhou once became the largest and most prosperous city in the northwest except Chang 'an. Cen Can's poem "Night Collection of Judges in Liangzhou Pavilion" describes Liangzhou as "there are 100,000 households in Liangzhou, and the Hu people can play the pipa". In Yuan Zhen's Xi Liang Ji, Liangzhou in the prosperous Tang Dynasty is "I heard that Xiliangzhou was densely populated in the past. The wine is ripe and romantic, and the red face and green flag are pink. It's called Zhuo Nv downstairs and Mochow at the top of the building. The villagers don't know how to leave, and most of them are stagnant. Shu Ge opened a blessing and held a high banquet, with Babel Nine Treasures in the first place. In front of me, a hundred plays are stirring, and the meatball sword jumps over the frost and snow. The lion shook his hair and stood upright, and Hu Ji was drunk and soft. Dawan came to offer a red sweat horse, and Zampa also offered Cui Rongqiu. " Famous poets in the Tang Dynasty, such as Luo, Wang Wei, Gao Shi and others, have all been to Liangzhou, leaving some famous sentences to sing Liangzhou. In the history of literature, there are many poems written by poets who focus on Liangzhou Ci, Liangzhou Qu and Liangzhou Behavior. Although Guliangzhou is located in the border, it is famous for its profound historical and cultural accumulation. As a famous border city, countless literati are fascinated by it. Li Yu is no exception. As a great writer in the early Qing Dynasty and a poet who loves roaming, Liangzhou is naturally a must-see place for this journey to the West. When I arrived in Liangzhou, I really got rid of the author's worries. So at the beginning of the poem, it says, "That's right, so it's called Khan roaming", and "Khan roaming" is a kind of roaming with great interest. Li Yu is a southerner and has traveled all over the country. Compared with the desolate ancient Olympics in Liangzhou, the beauty of the south is probably dwarfed. Compared with this trip to Liangzhou, some previous travel notes are not commendable! This trip to Guliangzhou is a veritable "sweat roaming"! This sentence sets the tone for the whole poem, leaving readers with a suspense: What charm does Liangzhou have that makes the great poet so sweaty?

When the first sentence is ready, we will transition to the second sentence: "Today, people suddenly went to Guliangzhou." "Today" and "Ancient" are relative, and it is pointed out that the main purpose of Li Yu's trip to Liangzhou is to visit the ancient times. The word "suddenly" expresses the author's joy and also reveals the author's sense of vicissitudes. Although Li Yu is brilliant, he is often ridiculed and excluded by others because of his improper behavior of taking concubines, and his career promotion is hopeless. Now that I have come to Liangzhou, there are too many humanistic accumulations in ancient Liangzhou, which have also made many people's fame in history. Li Yu naturally associates himself with those historical celebrities in Liangzhou, and a feeling arises that today (people) are not as good as before. This implies how depressed the author feels for half his life!

Now that he has come to Liangzhou, the poet will certainly visit places of interest. There are many scenic spots to write about in Liangzhou, such as Diqingtai, Linyunchi, Confucian Temple, Tiezishan and Beimopingsha ... But Li Yu didn't write about them, but just grasped several Guanshan songs in the flute that best represent the most distinctive historical characteristics of ancient Liangzhou. It can be described as ingenious! Here, the poems of Liangzhou Ci by Wang Zhihuan, a poet in the prosperous Tang Dynasty, are skillfully used to define the cultural taste of ancient Liangzhou. Songs played from the ancient musical instrument Qiangdi (reed pipe) were blown from Han Dynasty to Tang Dynasty and from Tang Dynasty to Ming and Qing Dynasties. This is not just a piece of music, but the culture and history of the whole Liangzhou-Hexi Corridor. Songs such as "Folding Willow", "Guan Shanyue", "Liangzhou Ci" and "Three Layers of Yangguan", as well as magnificent pictures such as "Lonely Smoke in the Desert, Long River Falling in the Yen", have made countless heroes in history bow down! The ancient Liangzhou gathered a lot of heroism and achieved many heroic fame. Li Yu came to the ancient Liangzhou, thought for thousands of years, and traveled to Wan Ren, as if he had heard the melodious Qiangdi music again, as if he had seen the magnificent scene of "lying drunk on the battlefield without laughing", as if he had returned to the ancient battlefield of Liangzhou where thousands of troops were fighting. How can you not make people feel that this trip to Liangzhou is "sweating like a pig"!

Li Yu came to Liangzhou in May, which was the midsummer season. How can it be said that it will always be autumn when the four seasons blow? In May, in Li Yu's hometown of Jiangnan, it was already the season of pink and green, but in Liangzhou, beyond the Great Wall, it was still a cool breeze, how like autumn in the south. During Gao Shi's stay in Hexi Drug Rehabilitation Center in Tang Dynasty, there was also a poem describing Liangzhou's midsummer: "A group of wind comes to a group of sand, and some people walk around but no one walks." It's still snowy in summer in Yinshan Mountain, but no flowers are seen after spring in brook trees. "The autumn wind is bleak and the weather is cool", and the word "autumn" is synonymous with the word "cool", which just subtly highlights the word "cool" in "Liangzhou". In addition, there is a saying in Wang Zhihuan's "Liangzhou Ci": "Spring breeze is not enough to keep the gate closed", and it seems that spring breeze is not enough to keep Liangzhou and Hexi, so "blowing in four seasons" should be "autumn wind". The word "autumn" is a pun, which has both the characteristics of climate and sympathy for distant frontiers, so that soldiers who have been guarding the border all the year round are not allowed to return home. Of course, this also implies a complaint about the "spring breeze"-your kindness is not as good as that of border guards. And all this is hidden in the surface of the landscape, which can be described as deep affection for the landscape and turning the landscape into emotion. Also, there is a so-called "autumn scholar" in China literature, which generally refers to those frustrated literati. Isn't Li Yu an "autumn scholar"? -an "autumn scholar" who "blew" from the south. Yu Dafu said in the article "Autumn in the Old Capital": "The literati in China have a particularly deep relationship with autumn. But the strong flavor of autumn, especially in China, can only be felt in the north. "Li Yu came to Liangzhou, but it was midsummer and autumn, seeing autumn and smelling autumn sounds. This is not only the flavor of Liangzhou culture, but also the hint of the author's incompetent mentality.

This poem is desolate and tragic, which inherits the tradition of singing Liangzhou poems in Han and Tang Dynasties. The use of images is virtual and implicit. The whole poem is exquisitely conceived, and the first sentence comes from its own roaming transition, setting suspense and gaining momentum; The second sentence is to talk about the present and express your feelings; Three or four sentences have grasped the most distinctive feature of ancient Liangzhou-Qiangdi music, and made it sprout, concentrating the Guanshan music such as Qiangdi, Spring Breeze, Autumn Wind, Liu Yang and Liangzhou Ci, which is the crystallization of the author's emotional filtration. The two poems cover thousands of years of history and humanities in Guliangzhou, which is a big deal! A short quatrain, simple and alert, simple and profound, can arouse readers' infinite reverie. It can be described as a masterpiece of singing Liangzhou in ancient poetry.

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