It's very hot, and my armpits hurt.

Recently, a wide range of high-temperature weather has continued to appear in China, and many high-temperature red warnings have been issued.

Frequent heatstroke under continuous high temperature: many people in Zhejiang were diagnosed with heatstroke, decoration workers in Nanjing suffered from heatstroke, and Sichuan Huaxi Hospital 1 day received 3 cases of heatstroke ... "Hot death" is no joke. So, what exactly is heatstroke? What's the difference between heatstroke and heatstroke? How to identify? How to prevent it?

* What exactly is heatstroke?

According to "Expert Knowledge of Diagnosis and Treatment of Heatstroke in China" published for the first time in the online edition of 20 19 "Journal of PLA Medicine", "heatstroke" is a fatal disease caused by thermal injury factors, which refers to the imbalance between heat production and heat dissipation caused by exposure to thermal environment or strenuous exercise. Heatstroke usually occurs in hot and humid summer.

When the temperature is too high, the balance of water and electrolysis in the human body will be destroyed, causing a series of physical discomfort such as dizziness and chest tightness. This condition is called heatstroke. "heatstroke" is a severe heatstroke in the classification of heatstroke. Symptoms of mild heatstroke are nausea, dizziness and fatigue. At this time, we should be vigilant and stay in a cool place. Severe heatstroke should also be divided into three stages: heat spasm, because a lot of sweating leads to electrolyte loss, body convulsions, unconsciousness and other symptoms; More serious evolution into heat exhaustion, high temperature can not last, organ dysfunction; The most serious disease is heatstroke, and the visceral temperature exceeds 42℃, which leads to cell dysfunction.

Heatstroke refers to the imbalance of body temperature regulation caused by high temperature, excessive accumulation of heat in the body, resulting in damage to nerve organs.

Usually manifested as high fever, body temperature above 40℃, dry and hot skin without sweat, mental disorders, organ failure and so on. If not treated properly in time, the death rate of heatstroke is between 20% and 70%, and the death rate of patients over 50 years old can reach 80%.

* The key population to prevent heatstroke.

There are mainly two kinds of people who need to prevent heatstroke: the disease is mainly caused by the imbalance between heat production and heat dissipation caused by high-intensity physical activity, and it is common in healthy young people who exercise vigorously in summer, such as officers and soldiers, athletes, firefighters and construction workers who participate in training in summer. It is common in young people, pregnant women and the elderly, or individuals with chronic basic diseases or impaired immune function. Generally, passive exposure to thermal environment will lead to imbalance between heat generation and heat dissipation.

Many people think that heatstroke is only related to high temperature, but it is not.

The human body's feeling of heat does not depend entirely on temperature, but also on meteorological factors such as humidity. When the air humidity reaches 80% to 90%, it is difficult to emit sweat. At this time, even if the temperature is only about 32℃, people will feel uncomfortable. When the relative humidity drops to 30%, the human body's high temperature resistance can even reach 38 to 39℃.

In addition, under the same temperature and humidity conditions, the better the ventilation environment, the higher the human body's tolerance to high temperature. In addition, personal physique, direct sunlight, working environment and other factors will also have an impact on how much heat the human body emits and whether the body's regulatory function is in good condition.

Don't go astray. It's not just manual workers who have been exposed to heat for a long time. Old and frail urban residents may suffer from heatstroke if they are kept in a sultry environment for a long time.

* How to prevent and treat it?

The elderly, children, outdoor workers and other special groups are high-risk groups of "heatstroke". While preventing them, try the following:

Avoid going out in high temperature. Especially in the high temperature period at noon, try to reduce going out and avoid long-term direct sunlight. If it is unavoidable, pay more attention to physical changes and carry heatstroke prevention and cooling drugs with you when necessary.

Strengthen ventilation and keep proper room temperature. During the high temperature period, the air conditioner can be properly turned on to adjust the room temperature, preferably controlled at around 26℃. Keep indoor ventilation as much as possible, and don't stay in the air-conditioned room for a long time, otherwise the excessive temperature difference between indoor and outdoor will weaken the human body's tolerance and resistance to high temperature.

Long-term direct sunlight needs protection. In hot summer, outdoor activities must be prepared for heatstroke prevention and cooling, such as sun protection, drinking more light salt water, taking more rest and trying to keep the law of life. Don't work in a closed high temperature environment for a long time.

In high temperature and high humidity environment, if you have heatstroke symptoms such as rapid heartbeat, dizziness, headache and shortness of breath, you should move to a cool and ventilated place to rest as soon as possible.

Once the following symptoms appear, it shows that the symptoms of heatstroke are likely to be life-threatening: dizziness, pulsating headache, nausea, extremely high body temperature (oral body temperature is greater than 39.5℃), red skin, dryness without sweat, fear of cold, rapid and heavy pulse, unconsciousness, slurred speech, unconsciousness and so on.

The following measures can be taken to deal with it:

Cooling: move the patient to a cool place and apply cold wipes or ice packs to the head, armpits and thigh roots; You can wipe the patient's body with cold water, or soak the patient's body with cold water if possible.

Monitor body temperature: Keep trying to help patients cool down until the body temperature drops to 38℃.

Call for help: call 120, 1 10 in time to get more guidance and help.

Sometimes, the patient's muscles twitch involuntarily because of heatstroke. When this happens, stop the patient from hurting himself. Don't put anything into the patient's mouth, and don't try to replenish him/her with liquid. If vomiting occurs, please turn the patient over and lie on his side to ensure that his respiratory tract is unobstructed.

After completing the above self-help measures, you should go to the hospital as soon as possible so that patients can get professional treatment.

Source: China Meteorological Network.