What are the climatic characteristics of the north?

The northern part of China is dominated by temperate continental climate, and some areas have plateau climate.

The temperate continental climate is mainly far away from the ocean, and the moist airflow on the ocean is difficult to reach, which is controlled by the continental air mass all the year round. The basic features of climate are: ① It is warm in Leng Xia in winter. The annual temperature difference is large, and the daily temperature difference is also large. The most Leng Yue appears in 65438+ 10 month, and the hottest month is in July, and the temperature in spring is higher than that in autumn. (2) The precipitation is less, and the seasonal distribution is uneven, concentrated in summer. The annual variation of precipitation is great. Northwest China belongs to temperate continental climate.

Plateau climate is a climate formed on the plateau with high altitude, wide ground and gentle fluctuation. The climate of the northern plateau of China is mainly distributed in the Loess Plateau and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and has the following characteristics:

① With the elevation, air, water vapor and dust decrease, while direct solar radiation increases, especially ultraviolet radiation; But the effective radiation has also increased. In the snowy plateau, the reflectivity increases and the radiation absorbed by the ground decreases, so the net radiation is smaller than that of the plain at the same latitude. ② Low temperature, large daily range and small annual range; (3) On the windward side of the wet air flow, the precipitation increases, while in the interior and leeward side of the plateau, the precipitation decreases greatly; ④ The wind is strong.

It also has the following characteristics:

I. Hypobaric hypoxia

Atmospheric pressure varies with altitude, so does the partial pressure of various gases that make up the atmosphere, that is, it decreases with the increase of altitude. So is the partial pressure of oxygen. When the atmospheric pressure in plateau area decreases, the oxygen content and oxygen partial pressure in the atmosphere also decrease.

Second, it is cold and dry.

With the increase of altitude, the temperature gradually decreases. Generally speaking, the temperature drops by about 1℃ every altitude1000m. In some areas, it can even drop 1℃ every rise150m. In most parts of the plateau, the air is thin and dry, and some areas are cloudy. During the day, the ground receives a lot of solar radiation energy, and the temperature near the ground rises rapidly. At night, the ground heat dissipation is very fast, and the ground temperature drops sharply. So there is a big difference between the highest temperature and the lowest temperature in a day on the plateau. Sometimes, during the day, it is cold and hot, and the sun is shining in the sky during the day. Sometimes the temperature is as high as 20-30℃, and sometimes it can drop below 0℃ at night and in the morning, which is also a major feature of the plateau climate.

Third, long sunshine time and strong solar radiation.

The plateau air is thin and clean, with less dust and water vapor content, and the atmospheric transparency is higher than that in the plain area. The transmittance of solar radiation increases with the increase of height.