Gong Jing bought wine in Taishan and replied in classical Chinese.

1. China ancient prose Gong Jing bought wine in the sunshine of Mount Tai. Gong Jing held a banquet in the south of Mount Tai. After drinking too much, Gong Jing looked around his land, sighed, shed a few tears and said, "Will I leave this magnificent country and die?" There are three people around to help Gong Jing cry (can sadness also help? The word "left" in the original text is humorous and ironic. ), said: "we are small people, and it is difficult to die, let alone you! Is it feasible to leave this country and die? "

Yanzi, on the other hand, held his thigh alone and laughed at the sky: "Today is really a happy feast!" " Gong Jing flew into a rage and said, "I'm sorry, you laugh alone. Why? " Yan Zi replied, "Today I saw a timid monarch and three flatterers, so I smiled." Gong Jing asked, "What is flattery and cowardice?"

Yan Zi said: "Death has existed since ancient times. Death can make the descendants of virtuous people rest in peace, while those without virtue will disappear. If the ancient rulers were immortal (Yu Yue said, "I don't know if there is death, this is" there is no death ",and the emperors of past dynasties are still alive, how can this country enjoy it? [Tao Hongqingyun:" Mourning "is a mistake in the word" enjoying ". 〕? As for prosperity, there is decline, and life is death. This is a natural law. Things are bound to come, things are normal. This is the law since ancient times. What's so sad? It is cowardice for a person to worry about death when he is old; It is flattering to help people around you grieve. Cowardice and flattery gather here, and I laugh at it. "

Gong Jing changed the subject in shame and said, "I'm not sorry to die for abandoning my country. It is said that if a comet appears, the monarch of the country referred to by the comet will mainly bear the consequences. Now that the comet appears and points to China, I am very sad. "

Yan Zi said: "Of course, your behavior is incorrect (Zeyu case: Yuan Gui's Return is" solid "), and you have no kindness to your country. If you dig a pond, you think it is deep and vast; Building a terrace is like thinking it is tall and big; Collecting taxes is like looting, killing sinners is like enemies. Judging from these things, it seems that the disaster star (a kind of comet) will appear again. There's nothing to be sad about the appearance of a comet (Yong Ke, Wang Niansun said: "A guest can be read as him, and can be read as an ancient character. Yong', also' he' also)! "

So I was afraid, so I went back to Beijing (replacing the word "Ren" in the word "Pavilion" with the word "Nai"), filled the pond, stopped building terraces, reduced taxes and mitigated punishment, and the comet disappeared after 37 days.

2. The classical Chinese answer to "Gong Jing Guo Yanzi": 1. Some words have been added to the following sentences, which are not correctly explained: () A. Yan Zi asks for leave again: decline B. If the punishment is invincible: all, do C. Reward the reactive power * * * Steal the good luck: get lucky D. A wise man knows where the disaster lies. The group with the same meaning and usage is () A. Yan Zigui, but not as honest as a minister and not as honest as a person. Now that he is old, he can't do anything. B. This is not a reason to be in power, but I am doing it. It's also C. If you don't punish * *, you'll be easy. Zhong Ni also regarded Wang Wen as wisdom. The groups that directly reflect Han Feizi's legal thoughts are: (1) Times are more complicated than punishment; (2) the husband's punishment is not excessive; (3) today's punishment is lenient; It is beneficial to evil and harmful to goodness; This is also beneficial to the public; Politics is unreasonable; That is, criticism is not unreasonable; That is, it makes sense for Zhong Ni to take King Wen as his wisdom; Even taking a.235B. 136C is not unreasonable.

Five criminal laws were reduced. Han Feizi thinks that Yan Ying admonished Gong Jing with clever language.

B Qi Huangong opened a warehouse to distribute food to help the poor. They also review prison cases and release prisoners who have committed minor crimes.

A few days later, the people sang a hymn: fairness, fairness! C. Han Feizi believes that governing the country needs to be used, rewards and punishments are clear, and the punishment should be punished. Otherwise, ordinary people will easily do bad things and society will fall into chaos.

Confucius believed that King Wen had ceded thousands of miles of land in the square circle. Zhou Wang is a kind and intelligent person who asks him to remove the punishment of branding and win the hearts of people all over the world.

5. Translate underlined sentences in classical Chinese reading materials into modern Chinese. (10) (1) and the baby is poor at home, so he has to wait for the market to eat.

(3 points) (2) Today, Yan Zi does not examine whether it is correct, but talks too much, so it is not ridiculous! (3 points) (3) It is doubtful to hate it because of its popularity, but it won people's hearts easily. (4 points) Answer: 1. D (open, pass "avoid", avoid) 2. A (structural auxiliary, used between the subject and the predicate, cancels the independence of the sentence.

Item B indicates the way, method or basis on which the behavior depends, which is equivalent to "the method used for ……"; The reason can be translated as "reason" C conjunction. It can be translated into.

"and then" yes "; Used to emphasize and confirm in judgment sentences, which can be translated as "yes". D is used with "to" to mean "think … yes"; Verb, play. )

It means that Gong Jing has too many criminal laws. (4) Guan Zhong suggested that Huan Gong avenge himself.

6. Han Feizi thinks that Confucius' words are wrong. B (formerly the word "male") 5. (1) In addition, I am poor in Yan Ying's family, and I have to go to the market to buy food in the morning and evening, so I can't stay away. (3 points, 1 point "waiting", "city" and "inclination") (2) Now Yan Zi does not examine whether the punishment is appropriate, but convinces him with excessive punishment.

Isn't this ridiculous? (3 points, "Cha". Say "false" each 1 point) (3) Zhou Wang hated King Wen for expanding his territory and winning over the people's hearts. He easily gave up his land to win over the people's hearts, and was even more suspected by Zhou Wang.

(4 points, 65,438+0 is divided into "Yi", "Evil", "Light" and "Doubt", and "Heavy" is translated as "You", and "You" is also correct. When Qi Jinggong visited Yan Zi, he said, "Mr. Wang lives in a small house, which is close to the market. Please move to Zhang Yu. Yan Zi thanked him again and refused to say, "My family is relatively poor in Yingying. I buy food for a living, and I will go to the market sooner or later. I can't stay away from it. "

Qi Jinggong said with a smile: "Mr. Jia is familiar with the market and knows the price of goods?" At that time, Qi Jinggong used criminal law politically. Yan Ying replied: "Shoes are expensive, and shoes with single soles are very cheap."

Qi Jinggong said, "What is the reason?" Yan Ying replied: "There are many criminal laws." Qi Jinggong changed his face in surprise and said, "Am I cruel?" So subtract five criminal laws.

Comments: Yan Ying didn't mean what she said, just wanted to use clever words to stop too many criminal laws. This is the fault caused by ignorance of governance.

It doesn't matter if the punishment is appropriate, and it doesn't matter if the punishment is inappropriate. Yan Zi does not talk about improper punishment, but about excessive punishment, which is the fault of not knowing magic.

Thousands of people were killed in the defeated army, but they still failed to escape; It can be seen that the criminal law against chaos has not been used enough, and evil spirits cannot be eliminated. Isn't it ridiculous that Yan Zi used too much punishment to convince him instead of checking whether the punishment was appropriate? Caring for thatch will damage crops, and tolerating thieves will hurt good people.

Now it is convenient for the wicked and harmful to the good to lighten the criminal law and practice charity. This is not the way to govern the country. Qi Huangong once got drunk and lost his hat. He felt ashamed and didn't go to court for three days.

Guan Zhong said to him, "This is not only a disgrace to the king. Why didn't the king issue a decree to clear the snow? " Qi Huangong said, "Your suggestion is good!" So he opened the warehouse to release food, helped the poor, reviewed the prison case and released the prisoners with minor crimes. A few days later, the people sang, "Your Majesty, your Majesty, why don't you take off your hat again!" " Comments: opening a warehouse to help the poor is a reward for those who have no jobs; Retrying prison cases and letting go of misdemeanors is not to punish guilty people.

Reward those who do nothing, and the people will be lucky to get unexpected rewards from the monarch; If the guilty are not punished, it is easy for people to do evil with impunity. This is the root of national chaos, how can we use it to wash away the shame? Once upon a time, it invaded Meng's land, conquered Juan's land and seized Tan's land. He did three things and aroused the king's hatred.

King Wen was frightened. He demanded that thousands of miles of land west of Zhou Wang Luoshui be dedicated to abolish the torture of branding. Everyone in the world is happy.

Hearing this, Confucius said, "King Wen really hangs! Don't value Fiona Fang's thousands of miles, and demand the abolition of the punishment of branding. King Wen is too clever and clear! Transfer thousands of miles of land in Fiona Fang and win the hearts of the world. "

Comment: "Confucius thinks that King Wen is clever, isn't it wrong? A wise man is one who can know trouble and avoid it, so he won't suffer it himself. Hey.

3. Translate the classical Chinese about Gong Jing: "When the drought in Qi exceeded the deadline, the ministers were called to say,' It hasn't rained for a long time, and the people are hungry. I make people predict, cloud: worship mountains and rivers. I want to collect less, but can I worship Lingshan?' Ministers are right. Yan Zijin said:' No, it's useless to visit the shrine. Fuling Mountain, with stone as the body and vegetation as the hair, will be scorched and heated if it doesn't rain for a long time. Why don't you want to rain? What are the benefits of temples? "Gong said,' Otherwise, I want to see Hebo, but what? Yan Zi said,' No way. Hebo regards water as its country and fish and turtles as its people. If it doesn't rain for a long time, spring will go and spring will come, rivers will run out, and the country and people will perish. Why don't they want to rain? What are the benefits of temples? "Gong Jing said,' What can we do now? Yan Zi said,' When you become an army, you avoid things in the palace, but you are worried about Hebo in Lingshan. Fortunately, it rained! So Gong Jing was exposed to the wild. On the third day, it rained heavily, and people tried their best to plant it. Gong Jing said,' It is useless to be kind to Yan Zi, but his dimension is kind. "

Translation:

The drought in Qi has been going on for a long time. Qi Jinggong summoned ministers and asked, "It hasn't rained for a long time, and crops and people are starving. I ordered divination, and ghosts were hidden in the mountains and rivers. I want to sacrifice some money to the mountain gods. Do you think so? " None of the ministers answered. Yan Zi stood up and said, "I don't think we can do this. It's no good offering sacrifices to mountain gods. Mountain gods take stones as their bodies and vegetation as their hair. If it doesn't rain for a long time, his hair will be brown and his body will be very hot. Doesn't he want to rain? What's the use of providing it to him? " Qi Huangong added, "If this doesn't work, can we sacrifice to the river god?" Yan Zi replied: "Not good either. River gods take water as their country and fish and turtles as their subjects. If it doesn't rain for a long time, the spring will be cut off and the river will dry up. At this time, other countries will die, and the fish and turtles will be * * *. Doesn't he want to rain? What's the use of offering? "

4. Ask Gong Jing to buy wine. Look around Mount Tai and cry. The second translation of Yan Zi's protest:

Gong Jing bought wine in the sunshine of Mount Tai and got drunk. Looking around, he sighed and cried for several lines and said, "I'm going to die here!" " There are three mourners on the left and right, crying and saying, "I am a good man, but I am still going to die. The situation is fair!" " Abandon the country and die, so what! "

Yan Zi fought alone, looked up at the sky and said with a smile, "Happy! Drink it today. " The public was angry and said, "I am sad and my son laughs alone. Why? " Yan Zi said to him, "Today, when I saw the first gentleman and the third minister, I smiled." Gong said, "What is cowardice?" Yan Zi said, "Husbands are ancient.

Death will make the later sages rest in peace, and the unscrupulous will surrender. If the ancient king didn't know there was death and the old gentleman was still there, would you feel sorry for this country? There are ups and downs in husband's honor, and there are differences between life and death. Everything will come. Even if there is Chang Ran, the ancient road will be sad? It is also timid to feel sorry for the dead when you are old; Those who helped undertaker were afraid to live together, so they laughed. The public was ashamed and resigned, saying, "I have to die for the national mourning. It is said that the comet has come out, and the country to which it belongs should be the monarch. Today, the comet came out to our country, and I am very sad. " Yan Zi said, "Your trip is just and evil, and there is no virtue. "If you are a terrace, you want it to be tall and big; Fu lianru? Take it away, kill life like hatred. Watch and then come out again. The change of the sky and the appearance of comets are really sad! " So the public was afraid, but they came back, the pond was destroyed, the terraces were abandoned, the punishment was reduced, and the comet died on the 37 th.

Translation:

Gong Jing held a banquet in the south of Mount Tai. After drinking too much, Gong Jing looked around his land, sighed, shed a few lines of tears and said, "Am I going to leave this magnificent country and die?" There are three people around to help Gong Jing cry (can sadness also help? The word "left" in the original text is humorous and ironic. ), said: "we are small people, and it is difficult to die, let alone you! Is it feasible to leave this country and die? "

Yanzi, on the other hand, held his thigh alone and laughed at the sky: "Today is really a happy feast!" " Gong Jing flew into a rage and said, "I'm sorry, you laugh alone. Why? " Yan Zi replied, "Today I saw a timid monarch and three flatterers, so I smiled." Gong Jing asked, "What is flattery and cowardice?"

Yan Zi said: "Death has existed since ancient times. Death can make the descendants of virtuous people rest in peace, while those without virtue will disappear. If the ancient rulers were immortal (Yu Yue said, "I don't know if there is death, this is" there is no death ",and the emperors of past dynasties are still alive, how can this country enjoy it? [Tao Hongqingyun:" Mourning "is a mistake in the word" enjoying ". 〕? As for prosperity, there is decline, and life is death. This is a natural law. Things are bound to come, things are normal. This is the law since ancient times. What's so sad? It is cowardice for a person to worry about death when he is old; It is flattering to help people around you grieve. Cowardice and flattery gather here, and I laugh at it. "

Gong Jing changed the subject in shame and said, "I'm not sorry to die for abandoning my country. It is said that if a comet appears, the monarch of the country referred to by the comet will mainly bear the consequences. Now that the comet appears and points to China, I am very sad. "

Yan Zi said: "Of course, your behavior is incorrect (Zeyu case: Yuan Gui's Return is" solid "), and you have no kindness to your country. If you dig a pond, you think it is deep and vast; Building a terrace is like thinking it is tall and big; Collecting taxes is like looting, killing sinners is like enemies. Judging from these things, it seems that the disaster star (a kind of comet) will appear again. There's nothing to be sad about the appearance of a comet (Yong Ke, Wang Niansun said: "A guest can be read as him, and can be read as an ancient character. Yong', also' he' also)! "

So Gong Jing got scared and went back to Beijing to fill the pond, stop building pavilions, reduce taxes and reduce punishment. After 37 days, the comet disappeared.

5. Yan Zi warned Gong Jing to read the answers.

In Gong Jing (1), it rained and snowed for three days without falling (2). The public dressed in fox white fur sat on the side steps of the hall. Yan Zi (3) and (2) entered the meeting and set up a room. Gong said, "How strange! Rain and snow are not cold for three days. " Yan Zi said to him, "Isn't it cold?" Laugh. Yan Zi said: "Babies know ancient sages, people are hungry when they are full, people are cold when they are warm, and people work when they are idle. I don't know this gentleman! " Gong said, "Good! I heard about life. " This is to make autumn millet and hunger and cold. So that people you see on the road don't ask their hometown; Those who see in the room don't ask their home; By country, there is no name. ⑤ A scholar is not only a person who has been working for a month, but also a person who is sick for one year. Confucius listened: "Yan Zi can understand what he wants, and Gong Jing can do what he likes."

Note ① Gong Jing: Qi Jinggong. ② ⅵ (J。

√): Chu Qing after rain or snow. Yan Zi: Ming Ying, Prime Minister of Qi State, was an important politician, thinker and diplomat in the late Spring and Autumn Period. ④ Resign to fate: Qi Jinggong's words of self-modesty. ⑤ All scholars are employed for one month, and all sick people are old: those who are employed eat in February, and those who are sick and sleepy eat for two years.

9. Explain the words added in the following sentences. (4 points)

(1) remonstrance (2) remonstrance (3)

(3) The white fur of the male quilt () (4) makes the fur faint and hungry ()

10. The function word with the same meaning and usage is () (3 points).

A. It rained and snowed for three days, but no cold water and stones fell out.

B. Mozi, who was sitting on the edge of the hall, heard about it from Lu.

C. The public is famous for the white fur of foxes.

D. Yan Zi can understand what he wants, such as dirt and stones.

1 1. Translate the following sentences in modern Chinese. (2 points)

(1) People are hungry when they are full, cold when they are warm, and labor when they are idle.

12. What do you think of Yan Zi or Gong Jing from this story? (Choose one person to answer) (2 points)

13. Yan Zi said this passage to Qi Jinggong to remind the ruler what to do? (Please answer with words from ancient Chinese you have learned) (2 points)

Reference answer:

9.(2 points) (1) Give advice to the king. (Euphemistically persuaded by suggestive metaphor) (2) Answer. (3) People in clothes (4) are hungry and cold.

10.(3 points) C.

1 1.(2 points) (yourself) is full (and) knows the hunger of others, (and) knows the cold of others, and (and) knows the hard work of others.

12.(2 points) Yan Zi is a person who understands people's feelings, dares to remonstrate and is good at remonstrating. Gong Jing is a person who can listen to and adopt correct opinions (that is, "be good at receiving guidance") and put them into action.

13.(2 points) If you live in a temple, you must worry about its people. (or worry about the world first, then enjoy the world)

Translation:

When Qi Jinggong was in office, it rained and snowed for three consecutive days, but it still didn't clear up. Gong Jing, wearing a white fox robe, sat on the steps at one side of the hall. Yan Zi came in and saw Gong Jing and stood beside him for a while. Gong Jing said, "strange! Rain and snow are not cold for three days. " Yan Zi asked him, "Is it really not cold?" Gong Jing smiled. Yan Zi said: "I heard that wise emperors in ancient times knew the hunger of others when they were full, the coldness of others when they were warm, and the hardships of others when they were relaxed. The current monarch is not as good as them. " Gong Jing said, "well said. I listen to you. " He ordered people to distribute clothes and food to those who were hungry and cold. Command: When you meet them on the road, don't ask where they are from; See you in the alley, don't ask which one they belong to; Patrol the national statistics and can't remember their names. The hired scholar will be given food for two months, and the sick and sleepy will be given food for two years. Hearing this, Confucius said, "Yan Zi can clarify his wishes, and Gong Jing can implement the moral policy he has realized."

6. Find the answer to an ancient Chinese exercise 1. Explain the following words:

(1) Rain and snow for three days: (noun as verb, it snows))

(2) Rain and snow for three days, no rain: (sunny day)

(3) Yan Ziru saw a room: (for a while)

(4) It is easy to know people's work and rest: (easy)

(5) Male wearing fox white hair: (skin)

(6) It is the autumn millet that makes people hungry and cold.

2. The following sentence is the same as the word "er" in Rain and Snow for Three Days:

B. Babies are full of ancient sages and sages before they know the hunger and thirst of men (turning point)

3. Why did Gong Jing think it rained and snowed for three days, but it wasn't cold?

Because Gong Jing has his own fox fur coat, he doesn't feel cold.

4. What does Gong Jing's smile mean in the story? Correct: (b) I'm embarrassed to find my own slip of the tongue.

A. Appreciate Yan Zi's humorous remarks

B. Embarrassed to find your own slip of the tongue

C. I feel guilty for not knowing the sufferings of the people.

D. I am quite proud of my physical strength.

In this passage, Yan Zi exhorted the king in the following ways: (d) Inspired by the camera, use any monarch to encourage the king.

A. speak out loud, the king should be hungry and cold with the people.

B. Make a generous speech and analyze the key to the success or failure of governing the country

C. Repeated rhetorical questions put the king in trouble since the Enlightenment.

D. be inspired by the camera and encourage the king to make you.

6. What kind of king do you think Gong Jing is after reading this article? (only make a simple evaluation of the above contents)

He doesn't understand the sufferings of ordinary people, but he is a king who listens to advice.

When Gong Jing was in office, it didn't clear up even for three days. Gong Jing was sitting on the steps in front of the purlin with a fur coat made of white hair under his arm. Yan Zi entered the palace and stood for a while. Gong Jing said, "strange! It snowed for three days, but it was not cold. " Yan Zi replied, "Isn't it cold?" Gong Jing smiled. Yan Zi said: "I heard that the ancient sages knew the hunger of others when they were full, the coldness of others when they were warm, and the hardships of others when they were at ease. Now the king doesn't know anyone else. " Gong Jing said, "Well said! I listened to your teachings. " He ordered people to distribute fur coats and food to people who were hungry and cold. Command: When you meet them on the road, don't ask where they are from; See you in the alley, don't ask which one they belong to; Patrol the national statistics and can't remember their names. The hired scholar will be given food for two months, and the sick and sleepy will be given food for two years. Hearing this, Confucius said, "Yan Zi can clarify his wishes, and Gong Jing can implement the moral policy he has realized."

7. Qi Jinggong was playing in Shougong Palace when suddenly he saw an old man with firewood on his back and a long-term hungry face.

Qi Jinggong sympathized with his situation and said with emotion, "Let the local officials support him!" Yan Zi said: "I heard that liking kind people and sympathizing with unfortunate people are the foundation of governing the country. Since you pity the old friend, there is nothing you can't do. This is the foundation of governing the country. "

Qi Jinggong smiled with a happy expression on his face. Yan Zi said: "The sage's monarch likes the sage when he meets the sage, and pities the unfortunate when he meets the misfortune.

Now I ask those who are old, weak and have no one to support them, those who have lost their wives and husbands but have no house, to be resettled with them after evaluation. "Qi Jinggong said," very good! "As a result, the old and the weak are supported, and the widowed have a house to live in.

8. Gong Jing heard his fate and read the answer.

In Gong Jing, it rained and snowed for three days. The male quilt is 2 fox white hair, and the living room is 3. Yan Zi entered the meeting and set up a room. Gong said, "How strange! Rain and snow are not cold for three days. " Yan Zi said to him, "Isn't it cold?" Laugh. Yan Ziri: "Babies know ancient sages, people are hungry when they are full, people are cold when they are warm, and people are tired when they are idle." This gentleman is not as good as. "Gong said," good. I've heard of life. "This is to make autumn millet and hunger and cold.

【 Notes 】 ① ⅵ: Chu Qing after rain and snow. 2 quilt: the same as "wearing". ③ Orientation: the steps of the palace. 4 have a room: temporarily.

1, explain the words added in the article.

(1) The baby heard the ancient sage ()

(2) Know people's work from the moment they escape ()

2. Explain underlined sentences in the text in modern Chinese.

Is to make autumn millet and hunger and cold.

3. "Rain and snow for three days", why does Gong Jing think that "it's not cold"?

4. What kind of person is Yan Zi?

Reference answer

1, (1) I heard that (2) efforts

(Gong Jing) ordered people to distribute clothes and food to people who were hungry and cold.

3, public white and public white.

4. Dare to speak out (be good at speaking out) and be compassionate to the people (love the country and love the people)

9. In the classical Chinese "Gong Jing Waste Wine", Gong Jing drank wine for seven days, but he didn't accept string sealing. In the Spring and Autumn Period, Yan Zi drank, and Gong Jing drank for seven days and seven nights. Xian Xi (1) admonished: "You have been drinking for seven days and seven nights, and Zhang Ci is dead." When he saw it, he said, "Zhang Jian said,' Don't drink too much. "If you don't listen, you love him to death." Yan Zi said, "Fortunately, Zhang Yujun is still here! If you let the seal meet the rebels or enemies, the seal will die for a long time. " So the public gave up drinking. Notes on Yanzi Chunqiu ① Chord: Doctor Qi. 2 Abandon alcohol: abstain from alcohol. ③ Give the seal a death: that is, "Give the seal a death". (4) the minister is the system, that is, "the system is made by the minister." 5 love: stingy and reluctant. Qi Jinggong drank too much wine for seven days and seven nights. Doctor Zhang Xianzhong remonstrated, "You have been drinking for seven days and nights, so you must not die." Later, Yan Ying appeared in front of him, and Gong Jing said to him, "Zhang Xianzhong advised me to say,' I hope you give up drinking! Otherwise, die. "If I accept his suggestion, I will be controlled by my liegeman; If I don't listen, I won't execute him. Yan Ying replied, "Zhang Xian is really lucky to meet a monarch like you! If you met a tyrant like Wang and Yin, Zhang Xianzhong would have been executed long ago. " So Qi Jinggong stopped drinking. It shows that this fable shows that politicians should follow good advice and not waste public services for personal interests.