Information on Chinese satellites

1． Dongfanghong 4 platform/Xinnuo-2 satellite: The main service targets of the Xinnuo-2 satellite are communication and broadcast users in mainland my country, Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan. The satellite uses a new generation of large geostationary satellite common platform being developed by our country, namely the Dongfanghong-4 satellite platform. It is equipped with 22 Ku-band high-power transponders. The output power at the end of the satellite's life is 10,500W and the launch weight is 5,100kg (Dongfanghong-3 satellite It is a medium-capacity communication satellite that can carry a payload of 200 kilograms, the entire satellite power is 1800 watts, and can carry 24-way lieutenant colonel power transponders). It has a design life of 15 years. It is powered by Xichang Satellite using the Long March 3B (CZ-3B) launch vehicle. Launched from the launch center, the satellite indicators and capabilities have reached the international advanced level.

The platform is composed of power supply, measurement and control, data management, attitude and orbit control, propulsion, structure and mechanism, thermal control and other subsystems, with a full three-axis stable control method. The platform has a total output power of 8,000-10,000 watts, with the ability to expand to more than 10,000 watts, and can provide approximately 6,000-8,000 watts of power to the payload. The platform can carry a payload weight of 600-800 kilograms, and the maximum launch weight of the entire satellite can reach 5,200 kilograms. It can be launched using launch vehicles such as Long March 3B, Ariane and Proton. The platform has a design life of 15 years.

2． Beidou Navigation Test Satellite (Beidou): "Beidou Navigation Test Satellite" is developed by CAST and will build the first generation satellite navigation and positioning system - "Beidou Navigation System" on its own.

"Beidou Navigation System" is a regional navigation system that provides satellite navigation information all day and night. After this system is completed, it will mainly provide navigation services for highway transportation, railway transportation, maritime operations and other fields, and will play a positive role in promoting the construction of our country's national economy. The first successful launch of the "Beidou Navigation Test Satellite" laid the foundation for the construction of the "Beidou Navigation System".

The "Long March 3A" carrier rocket was used to launch the "Beidou Navigation Test Satellite". This launch is the 63rd flight of my country's Long March series of launch vehicles.

3. ChinaSat-22: "ChinaSat-22" is a practical geosynchronous communication satellite and the follow-up satellite of "Dongfanghong-3". The satellite has a mass of 2.3 tons and a designed service life of 8 years. It is mainly used for ground communication services and is operated by China Communications and Broadcasting Satellite Corporation.

It is understood that after the satellite enters the transfer orbit, it will be fixed over the equator at 98 degrees east longitude under the tracking and control of the Xi'an Satellite Measurement and Control Center and the aerospace ocean survey ship and other measurement and control networks.

4. Fengyun-2 (FY-2): Fengyun-2 satellite is a cylinder with a diameter of 2.1m and a height of 1.6m. The total height of the satellite including the antenna is 3.1m and weighs about 600kg. The satellite attitude is spin-stable and spin-stable. The rotation speed is 100±1 rpm, and the satellite design life is 3 years.

The satellite is equipped with payloads such as multi-channel scanning radiometer and cloud image forwarding, which can obtain relevant visible light cloud images, day and night infrared and water vapor cloud images; broadcast wide-angle digital images, low-resolution cloud images and S-band weather maps : Obtain observation data from meteorological, oceanographic and hydrological data collection platforms; collect space environment monitoring data. The satellite operates above the equator at 105°E, and its position accuracy is ±0.5° from east to west and ±1° from north to south.

The Fengyun-2 satellite was jointly developed and produced by CAST and the Shanghai Space Administration. CAST is responsible for satellite control, propulsion, forwarding, antenna, measurement and control and some structural subsystems. June 10, 1997 20 At that time, the Fengyun-2 satellite was launched with the Long March-3 carrier rocket. Under the measurement and control management of the satellite ground measurement and control station and the Yuanwang-2 survey ship, the satellite completed satellite-arrow separation, satellite spin, apogee attitude adjustment, and apogee engine. After ignition, secondary unlocking and separation, and quasi-stationary orbit drift, the satellite was successfully positioned on June 17.

Fengyun-2 satellite inherits the spin-stabilized mode of Dongfanghong-2A satellite and adopts some new technologies such as multi-channel scanning radiometer, three-channel microwave transmission, and nutation control. The main performance indicators of the satellite have reached the international level of similar geostationary meteorological satellites in the early 1990s.

Fengyun-2 meteorological satellite is a product of the combination of space technology, remote sensing technology, communication technology and computer technology. It provides directional coverage and continuous remote sensing of the earth's surface and atmospheric distribution, with strong real-time and time-sensitive capabilities. High resolution, objectivity and vividness.

5. Fengyun-1 (FY-1): China's polar-orbiting meteorological satellite series, of which 3 were launched, namely FY-1A, 1B, and 1C.

FY-1A and 1B were launched in September 1988 and September 1990 respectively. They are experimental meteorological satellites. The remote sensors mounted on these two satellites have good imaging performance, and the experimental data and operational experience obtained provide meaningful data for the development and management of subsequent satellites.

FY-1C was launched on May 10, 1999 and operates in a sun-synchronous polar orbit of 901 kilometers. The satellite has a design life of 3 years. The main remote sensor of the satellite is a very high-resolution visible-infrared scanner. The number of channels has been increased from 5 to 10 in FY-1A/B, and the resolution is 1100 meters.

Remote sensing data obtained by satellites are mainly used for weather forecasting and environmental monitoring of vegetation, ice and snow cover, floods, forest fires, etc.

6. Dongfanghong-1 Satellite (DFH-1): It was successfully launched at the Dongfeng Range in Jiuquan, Gansu Province at 21:35 on April 24, 1970, thus creating a new era in China's aerospace history and making China the first satellite to launch a satellite after the Soviet Union, the United States, France and Japan. Later, it became the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch artificial earth satellites.

The satellite adopts spin stabilization method. The electronic music generator is the core part of the whole star. It repeatedly broadcasts the first eight bars of the "Dongfanghong" music to the ground through the 20MHz shortwave transmission system.

7. Dongfanghong-2 (DFH-2): successfully launched for the first time on April 8, 1984. China developed and launched three Dongfanghong-2 satellites. It took nearly 16 years from the beginning of development in 1970 to the launch of every three satellites. The successful launch of "Dongfanghong-2" began the history of using my country's own communication satellites for satellite communications.

8. Dongfanghong-2A (DFH-2A): Dongfanghong-2A is a modified satellite of the Dongfanghong-2 satellite. Its pre-research work began in 1980.

The first Dongfanghong-2A satellite was successfully launched on March 7, 1988. Soon after, the second and third satellites were successfully launched. They were respectively fixed at 87.5° and 110.5° east diameter. °, 98°; the fourth star failed to enter the planned orbit due to a failure in the third stage of the launch vehicle.

Over the past few years, the three satellites have been working well and have reached the design and use indicators. They have played a huge role in my country's television transmission, satellite communications and external broadcasting.

9. Dongfanghong-3 Satellite (DFH-3)

Dongfanghong-3 Satellite is China's new generation communication satellite, mainly used for television transmission, telephone, telegraph, fax, broadcast and data transmission services.

There are 24 C-band transponders on the satellite, 6 of which are medium-power transponders; the other 18 are low-power transponders. Service areas include: Mainland China, Hainan, Taiwan and offshore islands. The EIRP of the medium power channel is ≥37dbW, and the EIRP of the low power channel is ≥33.5dbW. During the shadow period, all transponders work. The output power of the satellite at the end of its life is ≥1700W: the payload mass allowed by the satellite reaches 170kg.

The satellite operates in a geostationary orbit and maintains position accuracy of ±0.1° in east-west and north-south directions; the antenna pointing error is: ±0.15° in both pitch and roll, and ±0.5° in yaw. The satellite has a working life of 8 years, and the single-satellite reliability at the end of its life is 0.66.

The satellite can interface with a variety of launch vehicles (ZC-3A, ARIANE-4, etc.). The satellite platform adopts the common platform of geostationary orbit satellites (basic type), which can be used for various medium-sized applications. .

Dongfanghong-3 satellite has the advanced level of similar international satellites (medium capacity)

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10. Shijian-1 satellite (SJ-1)

A scientific exploration and technology test satellite. It was launched into orbit on March 3, 1977. The orbital life of the satellite ended on May 11, 1979. The long-term work on the satellite The telemetry system has been sending clear telemetry information back to the ground.

Shijian-1 is a spin-stabilized satellite that was successfully launched in less than 10 months.

11. ZY-1 (ZY-1) earth resources satellite is my country's first generation transmission earth resources satellite. In 1988, the Chinese and Brazilian governments jointly signed a protocol and decided to jointly develop the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS) based on the Ziyuan-1 satellite with joint investment from both sides.

Ziyuan No. 1 is mainly used to monitor changes in land resources; estimate forest storage volume, crop growth, quickly identify estimated losses from floods and earthquakes, and propose countermeasures; for coastal economic development, tidal flat utilization, and aquaculture, Provide dynamic information on environmental pollution, etc.; at the same time, explore underground resources to rationally develop and use them. The Ziyu-1 satellite weighs 1,450 kilograms and has a lifespan of two years. The orbit is a sun-synchronous orbit with an altitude of 778 kilometers, an inclination of 98.5 degrees, an orbital period of 100.26 minutes, a return period of 26 days, and the descending node local time of 11:20. The satellite is a rectangular parallelepiped with a single-wing solar panel. The satellite adopts a three-axis stable attitude control method and an S-band and ultra-short wave measurement and control system.

The Ziyu-1 satellite was successfully launched on October 14, 1999 using the Long March 4B carrier rocket.

12. China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (CBERS): Based on the original plan of China Resources-1, the China-Brazil Earth Resources Satellite (codenamed CBERS) was jointly developed with joint investment from the two countries. It also stipulates that after CBERS is put into operation, it will be used by both countries.

Ziyuan-1 satellite is my country's first-generation transmission earth resources satellite. The three remote sensing cameras on board can observe the earth day and night, and use a high code rate data transmission system to transmit the acquired data back to the earth's ground receiving station. , processed and processed into various required pictures for use by various users.

Due to its multi-spectral observation, large earth observation range, and fast data information collection, it is particularly conducive to dynamic and rapid observation of earth ground information.

Because the satellite is set up for multi-spectral observation, has a large earth observation range, collects data information quickly, and is macroscopic and intuitive, it is particularly conducive to dynamic and rapid observation of earth ground information.

The main uses of this satellite in our country's national economy are; its image products can be used to monitor changes in land resources and update national utilization maps every year; measure cultivated land area, estimate forest stock volume, crop growth, yield and pasture Storage capacity and annual changes; monitor natural and man-made disasters; quickly identify damage such as floods, earthquakes, forest fires, and sandstorms, estimate losses, and propose countermeasures; provide dynamic intelligence on coastal economic development, tidal flat utilization, aquaculture, and environmental pollution ; At the same time, explore underground resources, delineate resource areas such as gold, oil, coal and building materials, and supervise the rational development of resources.