1 1 What are the maps and characteristics of climate types?

1 1 Climate types and their characteristics are as follows:

1, tropical rain forest climate

Distribution law: both sides of the equator, (about 10 degrees north and south latitude)

Cause of formation: it is controlled by equatorial low pressure belt all the year round, showing upward airflow.

2. Tropical grassland climate

Distribution law: north and south latitude 10-20 degrees of tropical rain forest climate.

Cause of formation: controlled alternately by equatorial low pressure area and trade wind area.

3. Tropical desert climate

Distribution law: generally near the tropic of cancer (20-30 degrees) inland or the west coast of the mainland.

Cause of formation: it is controlled by subtropical high pressure area and trade wind area all the year round.

4. Tropical monsoon climate

Distribution: South Asia and Southeast Asia (east coast of mainland China 10-25 degrees)

Reasons: the huge thermal difference between land and sea and the seasonal movement of the position of pressure zone and wind zone.

5. Mediterranean climate

Distribution law: 30-40 degrees on the west coast of the mainland (the most typical in the Mediterranean)

Reason: It is controlled by subtropical high in summer and westerly belt in winter.

6. Subtropical monsoon climate and subtropical humid climate

Distribution: East coast of subtropical continent (25-35 degrees)

Reason: The temperature difference between land and sea is huge.

7. Temperate maritime climate

Distribution law: 40-60 degrees north and south latitude, west coast of mainland.

Cause: It is controlled by westerly belt all the year round.

8. temperate continental climate

Distribution: Eurasia and inland areas of North America (40-60 degrees)

Cause of formation: far away from the ocean, less affected by the ocean.

9. Temperate monsoon climate

Distribution: East Asia (35-60 degrees)

10, polar climate

Distribution law: Arctic Ocean coast and Antarctica

1 1, plateau and mountain climate

Distribution law: Plateau and high altitude mountainous areas

Reason: high altitude

Five factors affecting climate:

1, latitude position. Usually the equatorial region has the most precipitation, and the precipitation near the poles is the least. Near the Tropic of Cancer, there is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland and less precipitation on the west coast. Because the earth is a big sphere, the sun shines at different angles at different latitudes. Some places are direct, some places are oblique, and some places have not been exposed to the sun all day or for months. Generally, the lower the latitude, the higher the temperature; The higher the latitude, the lower the temperature.

Usually the equatorial region has the most precipitation, and the precipitation near the poles is the least. Near the Tropic of Cancer, there is more precipitation on the east coast of the mainland and less precipitation on the west coast. Because the earth is a big sphere, the sun shines at different angles at different latitudes. Some places are direct, some places are oblique, and some places have not been exposed to the sun all day or for months. Generally, the lower the latitude, the higher the temperature; The higher the latitude, the lower the temperature.

2. Atmospheric circulation.

It is the main factor that forms various climate types and weather changes. The manifestations of atmospheric circulation include planetary wind system, monsoon circulation, land-sea wind and valley wind. What people usually call atmospheric circulation mainly refers to planetary wind system. Under the control of different pressure belts and wind belts, the climate characteristics, especially the changes of precipitation, are significantly different. In addition, the wind belt and pressure belt move with the seasons, thus forming various climate types.

3. Land and sea distribution.

The distribution of land and sea changes the zonal distribution of temperature and precipitation. Due to the different physical properties of the ocean and the land, under the strong sunlight, the ocean heats up slowly and the land heats up quickly; After the sun weakened, the ocean cooled slowly and the land cooled rapidly.

In temperate regions, there is more precipitation in coastal areas and less precipitation in inland areas. At the same latitude, controlled by the same pressure belt or wind belt, the climate characteristics are different because of the different land and sea positions.

4. Terrain.

Terrain is a non-zonal factor, and different landforms have different effects on climate. In the same latitude zone, the higher the terrain, the lower the temperature, and the precipitation increases with the height within a certain height range. Usually, there is more precipitation on windward slopes and less precipitation on leeward slopes in mountainous areas.

5. Ocean current factor.

Ocean currents also have a certain influence on the climate along the coast of the continent through which they flow. Warm current plays a role in warming and humidifying the climate in coastal areas. For example, the formation of maritime climate in western Europe directly benefits from the warm and humid North Atlantic ocean current.

The cold current plays a role in cooling and dehumidifying the climate in coastal areas. For example, the cold current on the west coast of the mainland (southern hemisphere) played a certain role in the formation of desert environment on the west coast of Australia and the Pacific coast of Peru.