Rare animals in the world and their habitats! Urgent need to answer! ! ! ! !

Distribution, Quantity and Protection of Rare Animals and Plants in China

Protection of wildlife resources

China has a vast territory, complex terrain, diverse climate and abundant wildlife resources. For example, there are over 30,000 kinds of higher plants and over 7,000 kinds of woody plants in China. There are more than 800 species of terrestrial vertebrates/kloc-0, including more than 300 species of reptiles, more than 400 species of birds100 and mammals, accounting for 10% of terrestrial vertebrates in the world. There are nearly 600 species of freshwater fish and more than 500 species of marine fish/kloc-0, accounting for about 10% of the world's fish species. In addition, there are many rare animals and plants unique to the world, such as giant panda, golden monkey, Chinese alligator and baiji, and ginkgo, Metasequoia and Davidia involucrata in plants.

Due to our lack of understanding of the rational utilization of wildlife resources in the past, our precious resources in this area have been seriously damaged. There are nearly 10 species of birds and animals that are basically extinct because of indiscriminate catching and killing, such as wild horses, high-nosed antelopes, white-rumped langurs, white cranes, yellow-bellied pheasants and so on. Gibbons, deer, tigers, baiji, dugong, crocodiles and elephants are also endangered. The sources of many precious medicinal materials have also dried up due to unplanned collection.

The extinction of wild animals is also a common international problem. According to the statistics recorded in the past two thousand years, more than one species of mammals 1 10 and more than one species of birds 130 have disappeared from the earth. At present, there are more than 2,500 species of plants and 1000 species of vertebrates on the verge of extinction in the world.

2. Brief introduction of some rare animals in China.

(1) Giant panda: also known as panda. Mammals. Fat, bear-shaped, about 1.5 meters long and about 66 cm high at the shoulder. Eyes, ears, front and rear limbs and shoulders are black, and the rest are white. Living in a bamboo forest at an altitude of 2000-4000 meters, I like to eat bamboo and sometimes eat small animals. Good at climbing trees, sexually lonely and unsociable. Only produced in a few places in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu. It is a rare animal unique to China, and it is a national first-class protected animal.

(2) Zhu: birds. The male is nearly 80 cm long and the female is slightly smaller. Feathers are mostly white, some are pink, and there are some long drooping willow feathers on the neck. The forehead, eyes, the top of the head, the bottom of the mouth, tarsal bones and bare calves are red. Living near swamps and mountain streams, perching on tall trees, eating crabs, frogs, small fish, snails and beetles. A class of protected animals in China.

(3) Golden monkey: also known as snub-nosed monkey. Mammals. The body length is about 70 cm and the tail length is equal to or longer than the body length. There is shiny long hair on the back, and the hair on both sides of the face, chest and hind legs is red. Living in the alpine forest at an altitude of 2500-3000 meters, living in groups and feeding on wild fruits, buds and bamboo shoots. Distributed in Sichuan, Gansu and southwestern Shaanxi. A class of protected animals in China.

(4) White-headed langur: mammal. It is about 50 cm long, with a small head, a long tail and slender limbs. The head is white with a crown, and the hair on the back of the body is longer and denser than the hair on the abdomen. Living in tropical and subtropical broad-leaved forests, living in social trees, rarely going to the ground, eating wild fruits, leaves and flowers. Produced in Yunnan, southwestern Guangxi and northern Vietnam. A class of protected animals in China. (There are also langurs, which are also a kind of animal protection. )

(5) Antelope: also known as pronghorn. Mammals. Length 1.7m ~ 2.2m, shoulder height 1m ~ 1.3m, and the maximum weight is 350kg. The tail is short and both sexes have short horns. The whole body is brown or dark brown and the eyes are black. They usually live at an altitude of 3,000-4,000 meters, and go out for food at night, eating grass, branches and bamboo shoots. Distributed in China, Sichuan, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other places. A class of protected animals in China.

(6) baiji: also known as baiji. Mammals. Body length 1.5m ~ 2.5m, round head and long mouth, about 30cm. The back is light blue-gray, the abdomen is white, and the fins are white. Living in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in China, Dongting Lake and Qiantang River. China endemic animals, national first-class protected animals.

(7) Black-necked crane: birds. Large wading bird, about1.4m long. The head, neck and flight feathers are all black, the tail feathers are also black, the body feathers are gray, and the appearance is black and white, which is easy to identify. They mainly inhabit swamps with high aquatic plants, feed on fish, frogs, snails and shrimps, breed in alpine swamps with an altitude of 3,500 m to 5,000 m in Qinghai and western Sichuan, and migrate to Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan for the winter. The only alpine species among cranes is a class of protected animals in China.

(8) Chinese alligator: reptile. It is more than 2 meters long and has 6 rows of horny scales on its back. The back is dark brown with yellow spots and yellow stripes; The ventral surface is gray with yellow spots and stripes; There is a gray-black ring on the tail. Five fingers on the forelimb, no webbed; The hind limbs have four fingers and webbed. They dig holes in ponds and swamps, feed on fish, frogs, birds and mice, and live in caves in winter. Distributed in Anhui, Jiangsu, Zhejiang and Jiangxi. Endemic to China, a kind of protected animals.

3. Some rare plants in China

(1) Cryptomeria fortunei: evergreen tree, up to 20 meters high. Branches are parallel and branchlets are hairy. Two kinds of leaves, the leaves on the long branches are scattered radially, 4 cm ~ 5 cm long; Impeller on the short branch, 2.5 cm long, linear, with white pores at the lower part. Cones are produced in Guangxi, Sichuan, Hunan, Guizhou and other places. Found in 1956, it is a precious tree species unique to China.

(2) Metasequoia glyptostroboides: deciduous trees, with a height of 35 meters and a DBH of 2.5 meters. The lateral branches are opposite and pinnate. The leaves are strip-shaped, flat, and 1.3 mm ~ 20 mm long, alternately paired to form two rows, which are pinnate. The cone is drooping, nearly quadrangular spherical or short cylindrical, about 18 mm ~ 25 mm long. Produced in Sichuan, Hubei and Hunan. Found in 194 1 year, it is a rare tree species unique to China.

(3) Davidia involucrata: also known as water pear. Deciduous trees, 15m ~ 20m high. The leaves are broadly ovate, the apex is acuminate, the base is heart-shaped, and the edges are serrated. Spherical head with two ivory bracts at the base, oblong or oval, about 7 cm long and 3 cm ~ 5 cm wide. Endemic to China, distributed in Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. When flowering, white bracts cover the treetops, just like a flock of pigeons, so it is also called "China pigeon tree". World famous ornamental plants.

(4) Ginseng: a perennial herb. 30 cm to 60 cm high. Spindle-shaped or cylindrical fleshy roots, short stems, palmately compound leaves, three to six rounds. Flowers are small, yellow-green, umbels. Fruit oblate, red. Produced in northeast China, North Korea and other places, it has excellent medicinal value and is one of the "three treasures of Kanto".

In order to protect nature and natural resources, especially rare animal and plant resources, protect the natural environment and represent the ecosystems of different natural regions, the state has designated certain protected areas, which are called nature reserves. China has designated more than 400 nature reserves, of which 10 is mainly for the protection of giant pandas. 1After May 1983, bamboos in Laishan, Minshan and Qinling successively bloomed and died, which seriously threatened the survival of giant pandas. The State Council has allocated special funds to rescue giant pandas and instructed relevant provinces to do a good job in protection. The Ministry of Forestry and Sichuan, Shaanxi, Gansu and other provinces have successively set up leading groups to rescue giant pandas and organized 52 patrol observation groups. The state has also established some giant panda farms to house and raise the affected giant pandas.

The establishment of nature reserves not only protects and develops precious animal and plant resources, but also studies the ecological and biological characteristics of rare animals and plants by using nature reserves, providing scientific basis for introduction and domestication, and providing provenances for mass propagation and cultivation of new varieties.

Because the nature reserve preserves the complete natural environment and ecosystem, it is of great value for people to study natural resources, natural history, natural conditions, the relationship between living and non-living things and environmental protection monitoring activities. It is an important base for people to further explore and deeply understand the laws of nature.

Since 1995, the wildlife resources and wetland resources have been investigated respectively; There are plans to protect more than 60 kinds of endangered and rare wild animals, such as giant panda, golden monkey, Zhu Huan, Chinese alligator, South China tiger, wild horse, snow leopard, wild donkey, white-lipped deer, elk, Hainan Polu, Danxiang crane, black-necked crane, yellow-bellied pheasant, high-nosed antelope and so on, as well as silver fir, yew, Panzhihua, cycad, camellia and Zan. The migration law of migratory birds was studied. The investigation of ecological diversity, the evolution trend of ecosystems and the restoration of damaged ecosystems in the main forest climate zones in China were carried out, and the 1 1 forest ecosystem long-term positioning research station was established. Popularize technologies such as artificial breeding of giant pandas, artificial incubation of red-crowned cranes, artificial breeding of Chinese alligators, birds' rings and integrated prevention and control of forest diseases and insect pests, and formulate and popularize the overall design standards of nature reserve projects, the protection standards of forest germplasm resources and the management model of nature reserve management files. The State Forestry Administration has also held many training courses and workshops on nature reserve management, waterfowl wetland protection management, wildlife protection management, wildlife import and export management, wildlife resource survey, wildlife domestication and breeding, characteristic tourism in nature reserves, and information system management in nature reserves, so as to improve the management level of on-the-job personnel in protecting biodiversity. The information system of nature reserves has also been initially established.

Nature reserves refer to the land, land water bodies or sea areas where representative natural ecosystems, rare and endangered wild animals and plants, natural relics with special significance and other protected objects are located, and certain areas are demarcated according to law for special protection and management. The construction of nature reserves is of great strategic significance for protecting natural resources and biodiversity, maintaining ecological balance and promoting the sustainable development of national economy.

The construction of nature reserves in China began in 1950s. After nearly 50 years' efforts, by the end of 2003, the number of nature reserves in China had grown to 1999, with an area of14.398 million hectares, accounting for about 14.37% of the national territory, and a network of nature reserves with complete types and basically reasonable layout was initially formed nationwide.

Among the established 1999 nature reserves, there are 226 national nature reserves with an area of 887 12900 hectares, 655 provincial nature reserves with an area of 39977200 hectares, 339 municipal nature reserves with an area of 4269 1000 hectares, and county nature reserves. There are 0/4 nature reserves/kloc-4 in Changbai Mountain, Dinghushan Mountain, Wolong Mountain, Wuyishan Mountain, Fan Jing, Xilin Gol, Bogda Peak, Shennongjia, Yancheng, Xishuangbanna, Tianmu Mountain, Maolan, Jiuzhaigou and LAM Raymond, which are listed in the "International Network of Man and Biosphere Reserves" by UNESCO. Six nature reserves, including Zhalong, Xianghai, the source of Poyang Lake, East Dongting Lake, Dongzhai Port and Qinghai Lake, have been included in the list of internationally important wetlands. With the establishment of these nature reserves, 70% of terrestrial ecosystem species, 80% of wild animals and 60% of higher plants in China, especially the rare and endangered wild animals and plants under special state protection, have been well protected in nature reserves. At the same time, these nature reserves also play an important role in water conservation, soil and water conservation, wind and sand fixation, and regional microclimate stability.

1. Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve

Located in Baitoushan area at the junction of Antu, Fusong and Changbai counties in Jilin Province. 1980 was included in the world biosphere reserve network by the United Nations at the beginning of 1980.

Covering an area of more than 200,000 hectares, this nature reserve is a comprehensive nature reserve of temperate forest ecosystem in China. There are four natural landscape belts with obvious vertical structure from bottom to top. Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest belt, dark coniferous forest belt, birch forest belt and alpine ice sheet belt are in turn. There are more than 400 species of plants/kloc-0 in Changbai Mountain, which is called "gene bank of temperate biological resources" and more than 400 species of wild animals. The main rare animals and plants are Siberian tiger, sika deer, sable, leopard, Korean pine and Larix olgensis.

2. Wolong Nature Reserve

Located in Wenchuan County, western Sichuan Province. 1980 was included in the world biosphere reserve network by the United Nations at the beginning of 1980.

The reserve covers an area of 200,000 hectares, mainly protecting the natural ecosystem and rare animals such as giant pandas in the southwest alpine forest region. This is the transition zone from subtropical zone to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Because the mountains block the airflow and westerly circulation from the eastern Pacific Ocean, a subtropical mountainous climate is formed, which is cool and humid all year round. A complete vertical distribution band spectrum is formed from the foot of the mountain to the top of the mountain. The main rare animals and plants are giant panda, golden monkey, antelope, red panda, white-lipped deer, Sichuan sequoia, Minjiang cypress, clover, chasing the old grass, camphor and so on.

3. Dinghushan Nature Reserve

Located in Zhaoqing City, Guangdong Province. 1956 is listed as the first nature reserve in China. 1980 is included in the world biosphere reserve network, and it is the northernmost one of the global 17 tropical ecosystem positioning research stations.

The protected area covers an area of 1 140 hectares, which mainly protects subtropical evergreen monsoon forest. Dinghushan is located in the south of the Tropic of Cancer, on the tropical edge. Because the Tropic of Cancer is controlled by the northeast trade wind, it often forms a vast tropical desert, and Dinghushan is known as the "green treasure house" on the Tropic of Cancer, which breeds dense monsoon forest under the influence of the ocean monsoon. There are more than 2,400 kinds of plants and more than 250 kinds of animals. Rare animals and plants include Schima superba, olive, kudzu, cycad, tribute, Sumen antelope, silver pheasant and so on.

4. Fanjingshan Nature Reserve

Located at the junction of Jiangkou, Yinjiang and Songtao counties in Guizhou Province. 1986 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network.

The nature reserve is a rare subtropical complete ecosystem with an area of 4 1 1,000 hectares, which mainly protects rare animals and plants such as Guizhou golden monkey and Davidia involucrata. Guizhou golden monkey, like the big bear, is a Quaternary companion animal and a veritable "living fossil". At present, there are only 100 to 500 monkeys in Fanjingshan forest area, which is of great value to the study of ancient creatures and their living environment. The natural Davidia involucrata only exists in China, with the largest area in Fan Jing. It is called "China's dove tree" because it spreads its wings like a dove when it blooms. /kloc-spread abroad in the late 20th century, and now it has become a world-famous ornamental tree species.

5. Wuyishan Nature Reserve

Located in Jianyang, Chong 'an and Guangze counties of Fujian Province. 1987 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network.

The reserve covers an area of about 57,000 hectares and mainly protects subtropical forest ecosystems and precious animals and plants. There are more than 0/800 species of higher plants/kloc-,more than 400 species of birds, 56 species of snakes and more than 20,000 species of insects, which are called "species gene bank", "bird paradise", "snake kingdom" and "insect world". The main rare animals and plants are: ginkgo, lycopodium, grasshopper, thick-lipped fish, horned frog, lizard, big flat-headed turtle and so on.

6. Xilinguole Grassland Nature Reserve

Located in Xilinhot City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. 1987 accept the world nature reserve network.

The nature reserve is a typical temperate grassland ecosystem with rich grass resources and excellent pasture. It is the first grassland nature reserve in China and the world. The representative plants are Picea mongolica, Stipa grandis, Fox Bud, Agropyron cristatum, Folium Artemisiae Argyi, Radix Astragali, Radix Glycyrrhizae, etc.

7. Shennongjia National Nature Reserve

Located in Fangxian, Xingshan and Badong counties of Hubei Province. 1989 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network.

The reserve covers an area of about 74,000 hectares and mainly protects rare animals such as golden monkey and Davidia involucrata. Shennongjia is known as the "Five Wonders of Shennong" with its peaks, cliffs, clouds, caves and trees. Among them, trees refer to more than 2,200 local higher plants, some of which are ancient endangered species, such as Davidia involucrata, hemlock, water green tree, Cercidiphyllum, primrose and so on. There are more than 570 kinds of animals, some of which have peculiar albinism, such as white bear, white snake, white roe, white golden monkey and silver pheasant. At present, the causes of albinism in these animals have not been solved.

8. Bogda Peak Nature Reserve

Located in central Xinjiang, east of Tianshan Mountain. 1990 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network.

The nature reserve consists of Tianchi Nature Reserve and Fukang Desert Ecological Station of Chinese Academy of Sciences, which mainly protects endangered animals (such as swans, snow chickens and snow leopards), deserts, forests, grasslands, Tianchi scenic spots and desert oases.

9. Yancheng Nature Reserve

Located in Yancheng City, Jiangsu Province. 1992 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network.

The reserve mainly protects rare birds, mainly red-crowned cranes. There are 70,000 hectares of salt Artemisia beach, grass beach and reed swamp, which provide a good habitat for birds and are the largest wintering ground for red-crowned cranes in the world. Besides red-crowned cranes, rare animals include storks, white cranes, white-shouldered eagles, white-headed cranes, white-naped cranes, Hei He, cranes and swans.

10 Xishuangbanna nature reserve

Located in Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province. 1992 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network.

Covering an area of 200,000 hectares, the reserve is a comprehensive nature reserve for tropical ecosystems and various animals and plants in China. Under the influence of tropical monsoon climate, plants in Xishuangbanna have bred into a monsoon rain forest different from the equatorial rain forest. There are more than 4000 kinds of higher plants here, and almost half of the first-and second-class plants under state protection are distributed here. For example, 1975 discovered the 70-meter-high Wang Tianshu, which once caused a sensation in botany. Birds are the most abundant animals, with more than 400 species, accounting for 1/3 of the total number of birds in China. 62 species of mammals, such as Asian elephant, Indian tiger, clouded leopard, civet cat and lazy monkey, are all rare animals, especially the white-cheeked gibbon, which is one of the highly evolved species among primates and is rare in number, and is a key national protection object.

1 1. Tianmu Mountain Nature Reserve

Tianmu Mountain is located in the northwest of Lin 'an County, Zhejiang Province. 1996 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network.

This area covers an area of 1000 hectares, and mainly protects the subtropical forest ecosystem. The plants in the nature reserve are known as "tall, large, ancient and rare", such as Ginkgo biloba, which is over 500 years old/kloc-0 and more than 50 meters high. It has more than 1 m of DBH, Dictyophora, rare Cycas, Hemlock, etc. Are known as the "big tree kingdom." Precious animals include clouded leopard, pangolin, tiger frog, tree frog and salamander.

12. Maolan Nature Reserve

Located in Libo County, southern Guizhou Province, 1996 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network.

This nature reserve is a very concentrated, primitive and relatively stable karst forest ecosystem unique to China subtropical zone and even the same latitude area in the world.

13. Jiuzhaigou Nature Reserve

Located in Nanping County, Sichuan Province. 1997 was included in the world network of biological reserves by the United Nations.

This nature reserve covers an area of about 60,000 hectares and is the first nature reserve in China with the main purpose of protecting natural scenery. Jiuzhaigou is a valley with a depth of more than 60 kilometers. According to legend, there used to be nine Tibetan villages here, hence the name Jiuzhaigou. The most unique thing here is the lakes and mountains. 108 Lake is called 108 Sea by local people. Dozens of waterfalls, such as Bihu, Liu Hong, Waterfalls and Bai Cui, connect lakes, with harmonious colors, alternating motion and static, and are natural.

14. LAM Raymond nature reserve

Located in Yichun City, Heilongjiang Province. 1997 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network.

The protected area covers an area of 18400 hectares, mainly to protect the original Korean pine forest. Located in the east of Daxing 'anling, close to the ocean, it is easy to get moist air from the ocean, so the climate is warm and humid. There are more than 2,000 species of plants, half of which are endemic to East Asia, such as Korean pine, Abies fargesii, Abies odorifera, Picea koraiensis and so on. Korean pine has the greatest utilization value, and its natural growth takes 100 ~ 200 years to reach the height of 20 ~ 30 meters, so it has become the main protected object in LAM Raymond.

15. Nanji Islands Nature Reserve

Located in the southeast sea area of Pingyang County, Zhejiang Province. 1997 is listed in the world biosphere reserve network.

Nanji Archipelago is 30 nautical miles away from Aojiang Town, 50 nautical miles away from Wenzhou City, 0/40 nautical miles away from Keelung/KLOC-in Taiwan Province, with a land area of1.13 square kilometers, of which 7.64 square kilometers are islands, consisting of 52 islands. The island has beautiful scenery, including 180 landscapes, wide beaches, natural lawns with three tails, exquisite natural murals, strange reefs carved by wind and waves, charming bird islands, snake islands, centipede islands and narcissus islands with their own characteristics; Zheng Chenggong drilled the naval ruins, cliff stone carvings, Song Meiling's "Qifengju" and other cultural landscapes, which enriched the historical connotation of nanji island.

16. Shankou Nature Reserve

Located in Shankou Town, Hepu County, Beihai City, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. In 2000, it was listed in the world biosphere reserve network.

Located in Hepu County, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, with an area of 8,000 hectares, 1990 was established with the approval of the State Council, and its main protection object is mangrove ecosystem.

This area is located in the intertidal zone along the Shatian Peninsula, with a humid climate in the south subtropical zone. The coastline of the reserve is 50 kilometers long. There are well-developed, typical structure, large contiguous and well-preserved natural mangroves in the reserve. Mangrove 12 species, including mangrove forest 12 species, such as Astragalus kwangtungensis, Kandelia candel, Paulownia, etc. Among them, the contiguous pure forest of Astragalus membranaceus and the straight pure forest of Litsea glabra are rare in China. This area has typical characteristics of mangrove coastal ecosystem in Chinese mainland, and there are many kinds of marine life and birds living in mangroves, which has important scientific value.

17. Baishuijiang Nature Reserve

Located in Wudu County and Wenxian County, Gansu Province. In 2000, it was listed in the world network of biological protected areas.

Baishuijiang Nature Reserve is located at the southernmost tip of Gansu Province, on the northern slope of the eastern end of Minshan Mountain. The whole nature reserve is banded, with a length of 1 10 km from east to west and a width of 20 km from north to south. The nature reserve was established in 1978, and its main protection targets are rare wild animals such as giant pandas and their forest ecosystems. The total area is 2 13750 hectares, including 97329 hectares in the core area and 1 16420 hectares in the experimental area. The reserve is densely forested and rich in species. This is the northernmost part of the distribution of giant pandas and is known as the treasure house of species at the eastern end of Minshan Mountain.

18. Huanglong Nature Reserve

Located in Songpan County, Sichuan Province. In 2000, it was listed in the world network of biological protected areas.

Huanglong Nature Reserve, adjacent to Jiuzhaigou, is a colorful color pool gallery. There are beautiful flowers and trees in the territory, vines are full of vitality, clear water and clear springs, and waterfalls are rolling down. On the long yellow slope at an altitude of 2123-3,576 meters, there are more than 4,300 zigzag pearl color pools inlaid layer by layer, which are shaped like hoofs, such as crescent moons, such as water chestnuts and lilies. Pools vary in depth, from more than a foot deep to a few inches shallow. The most attractive thing is the color of the pool water, which is sometimes red and green, splashing ink and soaking yellow, sometimes green and flowing gold, and sometimes blue and white, with appropriate shades. Although the running water is of the same origin, it has different colors and is endless. It is not only a scenic spot, but also a nature reserve with rare animals such as giant pandas and natural landscapes as the main protection objects.

19. Gaoligongshan Nature Reserve

Located in Longyang District, Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, Tengchong County, Lushui County, Fugong County and Gongshan County of Nujiang Prefecture. In 2000, it was listed in the world network of biological protected areas.

With a total area of 405,549 hectares, it is the largest nature reserve in Yunnan Province at present. Located between 24 40' and 28 30' north latitude, it consists of three unconnected sections: north, middle and south, with a length of about 400 kilometers from north to south.

The core area of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve is 183789.5 hectares, accounting for 45.3% of the total area of the reserve; The buffer area is 1426 1 1.5 hectares, accounting for 35.2% of the total area of the reserve; The experimental area is 79 148 hectares, accounting for 19.5% of the total area of the reserve. Habitat corridor belt, Nujiang 1 16480 hectares and Baoshan's 49 16 hectares.

20. Baotianman Nature Reserve

Baotianman is located in neixiang county, Nanyang City, Henan Province, and 200 1 is listed in the world biological reserve network.

The total area is about 120 square kilometers, and the elevation of the main peak is 1830 meters. It is a typical forest ecological zone in the transition zone between warm temperate zone and subtropical zone in China. The forest coverage rate of the scenic spot is over 90%, and a large number of relatively complete natural primary and secondary plants and biological communities are collected and preserved. There are more than 2,900 species of plants in the whole region, including 29 species under state protection and 26 species under provincial protection. Because of the abundant plant resources, it provides a good living environment for wild animals. More than 260 species of animals have been found, including golden eagle, leopard, giant salamander and golden pheasant. More than 30 kinds of animals, such as fragrant roe, have been listed as national key protected animals. There are more than 3,000 species of insects here, including butterfly 170 species, including wild fruit trees165,438+00 species, wild flowers 173 species, and medicinal plants 1055 species. It is the gene bank of animals and plants in our province and even the whole country. The ecological environment in Baotianman area is good, and the main peak area basically maintains the virgin forest state.

2 1. Sai Han Wula Nature Reserve

Located in the north of Bahrain Right Banner, Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In 2002, it was listed in the world network of biological protected areas.

The reserve is 5 km away from Daban Town1/kloc-0, where the flag government is located, and it spans Soriga Sumu, Ganggen Sumu, Chaoyangyang and Hanshan Forest Farm. It is adjacent to Zuo Qi, Bahrain in the east, linxi county in the west, Ganggen Sumu in Bahrain Right Banner in the south and Xilin Gol League in the north. The geographical coordinates are 1 18 degrees 18 minutes ~18 degrees 55 minutes north latitude 43 degrees 59 minutes ~ 44 degrees 27 minutes, with a total area of 100400 hectares. This nature reserve is a miniature of the mountain landscape at the southern foot of Daxing 'anling Mountain in China. It is a double transition zone from broad-leaved forest in East Asia to coniferous forest in cold temperate zone and grassland to forest in Daxing 'anling Mountain. It is a transition zone from flora of North China to flora of Daxing 'anling Mountain, and it has become a link and bridge between major flora, which is of great significance for studying the mutual influence and exchange among major flora. It is also the intersection of the fauna of Northeast China, North China and Mongolia. At the same time, it is an ecological ecotone, so it is of great significance to study the response of organisms to global climate change through the changes of biodiversity in this area. The reserve has become a demonstration area for biodiversity conservation and community development projects in China and Canada.

22. Dalai Lake Nature Reserve

Located in the west of Hulunbeier grassland in Manzhouli City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. In 2002, it was listed in the world network of biological protected areas.

Dalai Lake, also known as Hulun Lake, is the fifth lake in China and the largest lake in Inner Mongolia. With a total area of 3,253 square kilometers, it is a comprehensive nature reserve focusing on the protection of rare birds, wetland ecosystems and grasslands. With vast waters, continuous wetlands and abundant prey, it is a good place for many migratory birds to inhabit and a transit point for migratory birds in Oceania and Northeast Asia. There are 448 species of seed plants, 30 species of fish, 35 species of mammals and 297 species of birds (including 8 species of national first-class protected birds such as red-crowned cranes and white-headed cranes, and 28 species of national second-class protected birds such as white spoonbills and swans).

23. Wudalianchi Nature Reserve

Wudalianchi city is located in the northwest of Heilongjiang Province. In 2003, it was listed in the world network of biological protected areas.

Wudalianchi is a famous volcanic resort in China. In A.D.1719-1721year, the volcanic eruption blocked the river course of that year and formed five interconnected lava lakes. There are peculiar volcanic scenery, rich and complete volcanic landforms, and mineral spring "holy water" with remarkable curative effect. It is a comprehensive natural scenic spot integrating sightseeing, recuperation, scientific investigation and other functions. June to September is the best season for traveling every year. Besides the five dammed lakes, there are many ancient and modern volcanoes in Wudalianchi. Recently, there are *** 14 volcanoes, among which Laoheishan and Yamakaji are the youngest, but they are the best scenic spots in Wudalianchi because of their huge scale and excellent scenery. According to reports, the eruption of Wudalianchi volcano spanned a year from 2.03 million years in prehistoric times to 280 years in modern times, and its unique volcanic landform pattern created its complete volcanic natural ecosystem. There are 428 genera 143 families 1044 species in the nature reserve, among which 47 species are rare and endangered, such as Dianthus northeast and Betula alnoides. In addition, the wild animals in the area are also very rich, with 6 1 family and 144 species, such as merganser and red-crowned crane, which are first-class protected animals. Such rich animal and plant resources provide an important basis for studying and exploring the species evolution of volcanic natural ecosystems.

yading nature reserve

Located in the south of Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Sichuan. In 2003, it was listed in the world network of biological protected areas.

The nature reserve is located in the eastern part of the famous Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, in the middle of Hengduan Mountains, bordering Muli County in Liangshan Prefecture in the southeast, Xiangcheng County and Zhongdian County in Yunnan Province in the west, and Litang County in the north, covering an area of 7,323 square kilometers. Its altitude is 3750 meters, and the highest altitude in China is 6032 meters. It belongs to the plateau monsoon climate, with sunny weather and beautiful natural scenery most of the time, especially the ancient ice body relic "Daocheng ancient ice cap" is famous all over the world. A long and wonderful mountain road, through the hubbub, extends to the sky; Teams of extremely devout worshippers worked tirelessly and trudged hard just to put their feet in this sacred place and devote themselves to bow down.

Daocheng, formerly known as "Daoba". Tibetan means the open area at the mouth of the valley. "Xikang Tujing" records: "In the thirty-third year of Guangxu, rice was planted here, so it was renamed Daocheng County, and I wish it success."

Aden Tibetan means "land facing the sun".

In Daocheng Aden, I jumped to the eyes, and the world was vast and rugged, which was amazing. 1 145 alpine lakes are scattered among rugged rocks, blue as jade, with spectacular scenery, and are known as "the last Shambhala". Haizishan is a natural stone carving park, known as the "ancient ice cap of Daocheng" in the world, and it is an ancient ice relic left by Himalayan orogeny. The altitude is 3600 ~ 5020 meters, and Fiona Fang is 3287 square kilometers. Standing on Haizi Mountain, looking from a distance, the world is boundless and the scene is spectacular, which is regrettable.

25. Everest Nature Reserve

Located in the southwest corner of Xizang Autonomous Region, China. In 2004, it was listed in the world network of biological protected areas.

This nature reserve covers four counties of Dingri, Ding Jie, Nyalam and Geelong in Tibet, and is the highest nature reserve in the world. The total area of the reserve is 338 19 square kilometers, with 82,000 residents. The main protected objects of Mount Everest Nature Reserve are national first-class key protected animals: langurs, bear monkeys, Himalayan tar sheep, leopards, wild donkeys, snow leopards, red-breasted pheasants and black-necked cranes. The national second-class key protected animals include red pandas, black bears, Tibetan snow chickens and rock sheep. The national key protected plants are Magnolia officinalis, Trillium chinense, Gastrodia elata, Begonia sikkimensis, Panax notoginseng, Picea longifolia, Pinus longifolia and so on. Among them, the unique snow leopard has been listed as a symbolic animal in Everest Nature Reserve.

26. Foping Nature Reserve

Located in Foping County, Hanzhong City, southern Shaanxi Province. In 2004, it was listed in the world network of biological protected areas.

Foping Nature Reserve is located on the south slope of the middle Qinling Mountains, and its main protection targets are giant pandas and their habitats. The protected area covers an area of 29,240 hectares and the vegetation coverage rate is over 90%. There are many kinds of animals and plants in the nature reserve, and there are 22 rare plants under special state protection, such as sequoia Taibai, Abies Qinling and Leymus chinensis. There are giant pandas, golden monkeys, tigers and leopards, golden eagles and other national key protected animals. There are beautiful mountains and rivers, vast forests, strange peaks and rocks, flowing springs and waterfalls everywhere in the reserve. Foping Nature Reserve is rich in species and biological resources, and is the distribution center of giant pandas in Qinling Mountains. The core area is 2.5 square kilometers on average, with the existing giant pandas 1 individual, and the density of wild giant pandas ranks first in the country. Brown-and-white giant pandas have also been found in the reserve, which is called "the most promising place for wild giant pandas to survive and multiply".