Basic methods of raising Italian bees

Raising Italian bees can get great benefits, so do you know how to raise Italian bees? The following are the Italian bee breeding methods I have carefully arranged for you. Let's have a look.

Method of raising Italian bees

First, timely treatment of mites.

Before the bee colony begins to breed, spray the spleen with water twice to treat mites. Feeding syrup properly the day before mite prevention has three functions: first, it can stimulate worker bees to eat syrup, which can increase the nest temperature, turn semi-dormant overwintering bees into active ones, disperse the bees, expand the body shape of worker bees, reduce the dead angle of spraying (medicine) fog and improve the mite prevention effect; Second, worker bees can improve their drug resistance and reduce the harm of mite drugs to bee colonies after eating syrup; Third, at the same time, it can promote bees to fly out of the nest and excrete, and it is not necessary to arrange excretion time for bees. It should be noted that: 1, mite control should be carried out in sunny days with a temperature above 8℃ and no wind; 2, feed enough syrup, so that the fire can get the expected effect.

Second, appropriately tighten the spleen and release the king in due course.

Tightening the spleen: generally, it is important until there is a layer of bees outside the partition. When tightening the spleen, it should be noted that the degree of tightening the spleen should be determined according to the age of the overwintering bees in the bee colony. If all the overwintering bees in the colony are of this age, then the bees attached to the partition can basically be covered. When new bees leave the house one after another, the colony will not drop too much, and there will always be attached bees outside the partition, but it will be slightly sparse in the short term, which will not affect the spring reproduction. If the overwintering bees in the colony are too old, there should be more bees outside the partition.

Don't tighten the hive too tightly when tightening the spleen. For example, when a strong bee colony releases a single spleen, the workload is often too large: at noon, the outside temperature rises, and a large number of worker bees in a strong bee colony with a single spleen cannot fly out effectively, and at night, the temperature drops, especially when there is no sunlight at night, many worker bees cannot return to their nests and freeze to death. The number of worker bees flying out of the bee colony whose spleen is determined by bees is obviously less than that of the bee colony whose spleen is pure (because the spleen needs to be protected and the temperature in the bee colony needs to be maintained), so the loss caused by the change of external temperature is undoubtedly much less than that caused by the strong bee colony whose spleen is pure. In addition, a large number of flying bees in a colony with strong spleen pose a threat to other weak bees, and it is easy to break through the defense lines of weak bees and cause bee theft.

Release the king: when the temperature is suitable, release the king while tightening the spleen. But if it's time to release the king, but the spleen can't be tightened because of the low temperature, you can also release the king first and then tighten the spleen. In addition, first release the queen bee, and consciously put the spleen suitable for the queen bee to lay eggs in the position suitable for the queen bee to lay eggs, but not suitable for the queen bee to lay eggs? Step aside? .

Third, strengthen the heat preservation of bees.

Proper heat preservation should be carried out inside and outside the box during the early spring breeding period.

Heat preservation in the box: directly cover the beehive with a slightly thicker 54cm? 45cm (larger than smaller) nylon cloth, the single king group of nylon cloth is fixed on one side of the hive with 2~3 pushpins, and the double king group is fixed on the middle door with 2~3 pushpins. Cover the nylon cloth with a sub-cover, and cover the sub-cover with a covering cloth and a straw curtain with good thermal insulation, water absorption and air permeability.

The main function of nylon cloth is heat preservation and moisture retention, but it also needs ventilation and moisture dissipation. This is a contradiction, and a reasonable solution to this contradiction is the key. Poor heat preservation (too much heat dissipation) or too much heat preservation (poor ventilation and stuffy bees) are not good for bees. Therefore, when using nylon cloth, holes should be punched in nylon cloth. At first, the holes were small and few. With the gradual increase of external temperature and the enhancement of group potential, the diameter of holes should be increased (no more than bees) and the number of holes should be increased. It is best to observe the fog beads in nylon cloth in the morning to determine whether to expand the hole. When there is fine fog on the nylon cloth, enlarge the holes when there are easily visible fog beads, which have caused certain damage to the colonies when water droplets form. Reaming should be done immediately. When the temperature is too high for a short time at noon, a corner of nylon cloth and cover cloth should be lifted to temporarily cool down and ventilate. When the insect population increases and the temperature rises, the nylon cloth should be taken off in time.

The cracks in the box are filled with straw to keep warm. The filling amount of straw is usually about 3/4 of the height of the beehive. When the temperature in the beehive rises temporarily due to the influence of external air temperature, 1/4 is reserved for the bees to dissipate heat. But for particularly weak bees, the gaps in the box should be filled. It is an ideal choice to fill the internal space with straw to keep warm. Its advantages are 1, convenient material acquisition and low cost of cloth; 2, it is convenient to turn over and dry quickly; 3, can meet the requirements of heat preservation; 4. It is convenient to increase or decrease, which can meet the requirements of different filling quantities; 5, the filling operation is simple.

Insulation outside the box: the bottom of the box is padded with straw, the thickness is about 10cm, the gap between boxes is filled with straw, and the outer wall and rear wall of the side beehive are enclosed with straw handles for insulation, but the front wall of the box is not insulated.

Attention should be paid to the heat preservation of the bee colony: (1) The box in rainy and snowy weather should be covered with nylon cloth for waterproofing, especially to prevent the entrance of the nest from water or water, and to keep warm and damp; (2) When the outdoor temperature exceeds 20℃ at noon, the indoor insulation should be removed temporarily and dried at the same time; (3) The bottom of the box and the straw in the box should be turned up in time when it is wet; (4) When the heat preservation condition is not mature, put it back in the box after 3 pm and continue the heat preservation; 5] As long as the insulation outside the box is not affected with damp, no matter the temperature is high or low, it does not need to be treated, but it should be removed gradually when the group potential and temperature rise; [6] When it is cold, rainy or windy, or when the lowest temperature is below 5℃ at night, a piece with a width of 3.5cm should be placed diagonally at the door of the nest? 6cm long wooden strips, triangular passages are left inside the wooden strips and at the door of the nest for bees to enter and exit and ventilate.

Fourthly, feed and water should be properly supplemented.

During the breeding period, there is no shortage of feed and water in the bee colony.

1. Feeding syrup: Feeding syrup can meet the needs of bees without crowding out the ovaries. The feeding amount depends on the situation of the bee colony, so as to meet the consumption of bees during the interval of feeding syrup. You can feed it every other day, or every day, even in rainy days.

4. Pollen feeding: When there is no pollen in the bee colony, pollen feeding should be started after 3 days in Wang Qian. It was observed that it was too late to feed pollen synchronously with Wang Feifang, and the first batch of pupa spleens would appear flowers, but the bees that had been fed pollen for 3 days were neat and had no flower arrangement.

It is best to feed pollen with flower powder cake or pollen strips. First, the operation is simple, and second, the visibility is strong. After the auxiliary cover is removed, the pollen consumption in the nylon cloth can be seen. Third, don't disturb bees when feeding pollen, even if the temperature is very low. But pay attention to feeding the flower powder cake. When feeding, it is not too much, mainly because the contact area with worker bees is large and not out of touch, so the effect is good, as good as that of spleen irrigation.

13. Feeding water: Water with salt content of about 0. 1% ~ 0.2% should be continuously provided during the breeding period.

Five, the use of appropriate feeder

External sugar and water suppliers are used on the outer wall of the box. I made two kinds of feeders, a bamboo feeder and a wooden feeder. The feeder of single king group is divided into two compartments, which are interconnected, and the feeder of double king group is divided into four compartments, wherein the two compartments are interconnected and separated in the middle, which are used for adding syrup and water respectively.

The wooden feeder should be painted inside and outside, and the inner wall surface should be waxed to facilitate bees to get up and down. Put a certain number of small foam pieces in the feeder to avoid drowning bees. Open a 60mm in the front wall (or back wall) of the hive? 8mm slot for bees to feed in and out of the feeder, which is covered with a plate lined with 1~2 layers of cloth. This feeder is specially used for feeding in early spring or late autumn, and can be hung on the front wall or back wall of the box.

This kind of feeder is very simple to operate, has high working efficiency and does not disturb bees. After production, it can be reused for many years without stealing bees. I fed it during the whole spring breeding period during the day and never stole a bee. At the same time, it solves the problem that there are too many spleens in the group to put the feeder into the nest. It should be noted that the weak bee colony is weak at low temperature, so the bees should feed at night and during the day or make a transition for a period of time by other methods.

Sixth, timely expand the spleen fossa.

In the early stage of bee colony reproduction, the queen bee can only add spleen after laying eggs on the lateral spleen. When a large number of new bees leave the nest, in order to make full use of worker bees, spleen should be inserted in time to expand the nest; New bees are coming out of the house one after another, and the temperature is high that day, and it is predicted that a cold wave will come or rain. As long as the temperature drop is not great, the bees between the expandable and non-expandable nests should seize the opportunity to add spleen to expand their nests, otherwise it is impossible to insert the queen bee with spleen in cold wave or rainy days, and the opportunity to add spleen to expand their nests will be delayed.

Attention should be paid to adding spleen to the bee colony to expand the nest during the replacement period: in addition to routine treatment, the added nest spleen should be baked and heated with fire, and then sprayed with warm sugar water to avoid drying the spleen.

Seven. disease prevention

When feeding syrup during the breeding period, drugs should be added to the syrup to prevent diseases. The main drugs I use are oxytetracycline, rhubarb soda tablets, motherwort, norfloxacin, metronidazole, vinegar and so on. * * * Use two rounds, feed 3-4 times each round, and feed/kloc-0 every 3-4 days. As for the dosage and collocation of drugs, because there is a big difference between colony potential and syrup feeding amount, it is best to try it safely before using it.

Eight, the appropriate unpacking inspection

In the breeding period of bees, necessary unpacking inspection is essential, but unnecessary unpacking should be avoided as far as possible. In addition to observing the activities of bees outside the box, unpacking inspection is a necessary means to understand the internal situation of bees. In the early stage of breeding, unpacking can be less. As long as it is estimated that the bees are not short of feed, it is normal not to unpack for a week. However, when there are a large number of larvae in the population, the big cover and the auxiliary cover should be removed frequently to check the pollen consumption. Because of the nylon cloth, it will not have a negative impact on the internal environment of the bee colony. Under the cover of nylon cloth, Shuangwangqun took turns to lift the nylon cloth for inspection, as long as it was done? Do it quickly? The impact on bees is also very small. After entering the proliferation period, the number of unpacking inspections should be appropriately increased according to the situation of the bee colony, such as: the queen bee lays eggs, the position of the nest spleen changes, the spleen is turned over, the honey spleen is cut to expand the egg circle, and the honey storage situation of the bee colony is checked. , are compulsory courses in daily management. Too lazy? Sometimes it delays the opportunity to open the box? Too often? It will have a negative impact on the bee colony, so it is necessary to determine the target in advance before unpacking, check and deal with it in a planned way, make records afterwards, and check as little as possible when you have time.

Nine, strong and weak complement each other, * * * with enhanced.

In bee breeding, it is customary to draw strength and supplement weaknesses. But there must be a plan to make up for the weakness, and it must be determined according to the potential of bees and the overall situation of their own bee farms. We can't only make up for the weaknesses without a plan, otherwise the strong bee colony is not strong, and the weak bee colony is not strong, and all bees will become medium bees, which will seriously affect the yield and income. When the vulnerable group of spleen-protecting bees can't meet the requirements, don't draw the strong to make up for the weak, otherwise there will be the phenomenon of abandoning insects and shrinking egg circles, and sometimes even the surrounding pupae are in danger of freezing. The time to induce strength and replenish weakness is in the late stage of proliferation, so it is appropriate to use the method of strengthening the weak group and replenishing the spleen, and the eggs and spleen of the weak group are transferred to the strong group for incubation. For particularly weak groups, we should unite decisively at the beginning of tight spleen reproduction.

Skills of raising Italian bees

Adopt the combination of standard beehive and three boxes, and strive to realize Italian bee? Maximum? Group potential

Through the comparison of many kinds of boxes, we think that beehives that conform to the biological habits of Italian bees and meet the needs of modern beekeeping production should be the universal standard beehives. In the specific application, we further popularized its breeding method. Using a combination of one standard hive and two continuous hives, through timely and regular regulation, after 60 days of bee breeding, the strong colony potential of 2 1 foot-framed bees was realized, which laid a good foundation for high yield.

In fact, the population potential of the single queen bee colony of Italian bees should be far more than that. According to the daily egg production of high-yield Italian queen bees, if the life span of worker bees is 30 days, 35 days and 40 days respectively, the corresponding theoretical number of bees should be 60,000, 70,000 and 80,000. If there are 2300 bees in each frame, there are 26 frames, 30 frames and 35 frames. It can be seen that the actual bee population still has great potential to be tapped. If we can further increase the daily spawning amount of queen bees, maintain a high spawning efficiency and prolong the life of worker bees, I believe others will breed and break through our current maximum? Population potential and spring honey yield are not difficult. What is difficult is the change of concept!

As far as our existing experience is concerned, the bee colony is in good condition after reaching the above potential! However, the tough and violent nature of western bees is also exposed. In this regard, we must be fully vigilant and prepared.

The nest box is provided with three frames.

Three-frame layout foundation

If the queen bee lays 2000 eggs a day; There are 7000 worker bee houses on the standard nest frame; The developmental duration of worker bees is 2 1 day. Then in theory, it takes 3.5 days for the Italian queen bee to lay eggs in one frame; The maximum number of sub-populations in a bee colony is 6 frames. In practice, there are usually some honey, powder nests and empty nests on the spleen. Therefore, when the feeding conditions are fully met, the actual number of spleens is usually 7 frames. Among them, about 4 frames are covered with seeds and 3 frames are not covered with seeds and eggs. Calculate this in detail. Because the focus of bees' tending to the lid has changed to temperature regulation and humidity regulation, this spleen can be transferred to the relay box to continue tending in the king-free area of the relay box. Feeding and hatching of uncovered eggs usually require stricter care conditions. Therefore, it is appropriate to raise them in the king's area of the nest box.

The large hive space is conducive to relieving the mood of bee separation.

Bee colony lives in a narrow space and is prone to fever and boredom; Adult bees living in a sultry environment do not live long; The sultry environment is easy to breed the mood of dividing bees; Bees that feel like leaving bees don't produce much honey. Therefore, properly expanding the space in the box, especially expanding the free space in the nest box, is conducive to alleviating the mood of bee separation.

When the conditions are met, bees will have the feeling of dividing bees, and finally show the behavior of dividing bees, which is the instinctive need for the continuation of bee population, whether it is Chinese bees or western bees. We think that Italian bees are also prone to parting feelings, but their evolution process is slower than that of China bees, and their forms are more subtle. If we regard the behavior of building and breeding drones and actively producing slurry as the initial performance of the requirements for bee separation, it is very easy for Italian bees to build a drone house without foundation, and Italian bees can easily accept the artificial queen bee platform. The resulting behavior of breeding drones and actively secreting flesh suggests that Italian bees are more likely to have feelings of parting bees than China bees, and this emotional period is longer than that of China bees, which requires early guidance. Otherwise, the form of expression is still hidden because of such potential feelings of leaving bees? Bee fever? It causes a decrease in honey production, which is not easily noticed by ordinary people. Measures to greatly increase the space in the box are conducive to alleviating the sense of bee separation that has appeared or is still lurking.

Three-frame arrangement

Usually take two clips and one clip? Empty? Or the second clip? Foundation? The way. ? Empty? That is, high-quality empty nest spleen; ? Foundation? That is, a complete nested basic framework. The second son is also very flexible. It can be an egg, a bug or a pupa. In this way, the queen bee will naturally be confined to the middle nest spleen to lay eggs, which is not only conducive to the formation of excellent? Egg ring? Can it be better prevented? Powder presses the spleen? 、? Powder pressure? The occurrence of the phenomenon.

The placement of the hive can be arranged according to the position of the nest door and the needs at that time. It can not only form a T-shaped distribution with the trunk hive, but also form a factory-shaped distribution.

Relay box arrangement

According to the nature of food prepared by female bees for offspring and the principle of preventing heat damage caused by the accumulation of metabolic heat energy of old bees, the spleen of the second nest is also raised in three boxes. That is, the spleen and the child are not adjacent, and the honey spleen and the child spleen should be sandwiched in the middle. It's just that Italian bees have greater potential, so they can be more flexible. Usually, two honey spleens can sandwich one spleen, or one spleen can drive three honey spleens. The age of bees in the first relay box should be older than the nest box and younger than the second relay box.

Take honey

Take only the honey stored in the top box at a time. At the same time, transfer the honey nest spleen stored in the lower relay box to the upper relay box, and then propose to take honey next time. After taking honey, the empty nest spleen is placed in the relay box next to the nest box.

Because the above management method of Italian bee breeding experience 3 is easy to understand, simple to operate and remarkable in effect, it is also called "Italian bee breeding" by local bee friends. Fine three methods? Or? Three golden laws? . Of course, no matter what you call it, its basic principle or technical essence is: to stimulate the work enthusiasm of bees with the maximum amount of parenting; Solve the mood of bee separation with the maximum workload; Form a strong group in a short time, and maintain the trend of a strong group for a long time with the best tendency; Seize high yield in the state of strong colony and bees actively producing honey; Then high quality can be achieved by recycling honey.

Economic value of Italian bees

It has a strong ability to produce honey and royal jelly. It is an ideal variety for producing honey and jelly, and also an ideal variety for producing pollen. It can also be used for propolis production. Because of this, the breeding range of Italian bees has already far exceeded the origin and become a popular worldwide variety.