What are the effects of high temperature on crops in summer?

Harm and prevention of high temperature on crops in summer

Like the extreme cold current in spring, winter solstice in autumn and freezing in winter, the high temperature in summer will threaten and besiege the "outdoor processing factory" of agriculture.

The experimental results show that the high temperature of about 35℃ in summer can produce many empty shells and grains in rice, especially hybrid rice. Bee pollen shrinks in cotton wool and many buds fall off; Corn, sorghum, sweet potato, etc. It is also damaged by abnormal high temperature.

How to take preventive measures to reduce the interference of high temperature on crops in summer?

First, water injection to cool down. Moderate water injection can improve the field microclimate and reduce the inter-plant temperature 1-2℃. For dry crops, sprinkler irrigation equipment or sprayer can be used to spray water on the leaves and stems of crops immediately, and the water balance of the main stems can be maintained according to the cooling and humidification conditions. During the high temperature period, fresh water irrigation in the morning, deep irrigation during the day and landscape irrigation at night have been implemented in some areas, which has great practical effects.

Second, auxiliary pollination. For cross-pollinated crops, such as corn and sorghum, artificial pollination can be used to increase the amount of bee pollen falling on the top of the column, increase the chance of selective pollination and fertilization, and reduce the harm of high temperature to seed setting rate. According to experiments, artificial pollination can improve the seed setting rate by 5%-8% compared with natural pollination.

Third, spraying fertilizer outside the roots. Spraying urea solution, human excrement urine, pig cow urine, potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution, phosphate fertilizer and plant ash for many times at the fruit cracking stage, booting stage and filling stage of crops, and appropriately increasing the amount of water, can not only improve part of the water in the main stem spike, but also help to cool down and humidify, provide necessary water and nutrients to leaves in time, promote the enrichment of nutrients in grains and improve uniformity.

Fourth, improve the cultivation techniques. Effective water and fertilizer adjustment can improve the health of crops, improve the ability to resist high temperature injury, and prevent and alleviate high temperature injury.