Mao Zedong's most imposing and domineering poem is

The wind blows the red flag over the mark-"Guangchang Yulan Road"

Source: Liberation Army Daily

Original title: The wind rolls the red flag over the mark

The Mao Zedong Chronicle recorded under "February 1930" (the last paragraph "the same month"):

On the way to March, I hummed the words "Broken Magnolia Guangchang Road" on horseback: "The sky is white, and the military situation is more urgent in the snow. On the top of the high mountain, the wind blew the red flag over the sign. Where does this trip go? Ganjiang River is full of snow and wind. The order was issued yesterday, and100000 workers and peasants went to Ji 'an. "

This is the only work written by Mao Zedong with the words "Minus Magnolia". This word is both rich and implicit. Through documentary military actions, it eulogized the high-spirited and resolute spirit of the Red Fourth Army after Gutian Conference, and described the tenacious spirit and winning confidence of the Red Army soldiers.

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After Gutian Conference, in order to smash the "three provincial capitals suppression" of Kuomintang troops against the western Fujian base area, the Red Fourth Army entered Guangchang area of Jiangxi from Fujian in 1930 and 65438+ 10. 65438+1in late October, the second column of Gongsijun led by Mao Zedong entered Ningdu from Guangchang, and joined the main force of Gongsijun led by Zhu De at Dongshao. Later, an adventurous attack Ningdu, Yongfeng, Guangchang and other counties expanded the revolutionary base areas in southern Jiangxi. In order to promote the development of the revolutionary situation in southwest Jiangxi, the front committee of the Red Fourth Army and the military commissions of the Red Fifth Army and the Red Sixth Army held a joint meeting in Beitou, southeast of Ji 'an County, which was called the Beitou Meeting in history. The meeting determined that the party's main task was to expand the Soviet area, deepen the agrarian revolution and strengthen the armed forces of workers and peasants. The meeting decided to concentrate the fourth, fifth and sixth legions of the Red Army and seize the political power in Jiangxi Province. The first step is to fight Ji 'an. In order to coordinate the unified action, it was decided to expand the former front committee of Gongsi Army under the guidance of the Central Committee to the former enemy committee of the Communist Party of China * * * * * leading the Gongsi Army, Wu Gongjun, Gong Liu Jun and the border struggles in southwest Jiangxi, west Fujian, Dongjiang and Hunan and Jiangxi, with Mao Zedong as its secretary.

After the meeting, the Red Army marched into Ji 'an from different directions. Gongsijun was ordered to advance from Fujita area to Ji 'an via the water south, intending to capture Jishui County first. At this time, Chiang Kai-shek urged the defenders of Ji 'an to strengthen their defense and sent troops from Hubei to help Jiangxi. On February 20th, the enemy arrived in Jishui County and wujiang town. So, the Red Army gave up the original plan to capture Jishui, commanded the second column of Gongsi Army and Gong Liu Jun, and, with the cooperation of local armed forces in southwest Jiangxi, implemented the policy of luring the enemy into deep combat, and launched a fierce attack on the Kuomintang troops in Shuinan and Qixia areas at the junction of Ji 'an and Jishui counties. In the battle, most of the enemy troops were wiped out, the brigade commander was wounded, more than 600 people were captured/kloc-0, and a large number of weapons were seized, and the first major military victory after Gutian conference was achieved. Since then, the Red Fourth Army, the Red Fifth Army and the Red Sixth Army have been fighting separately, which has promoted the development of the revolutionary situation in southwest Jiangxi, the border between Fujian and Jiangxi, and the border between Hunan, Hubei and Jiangxi.

On the March from Guangchang to Ji 'an, it snowed heavily. Facing the storm, Mao Zedong wrote this heroic poem. This word can be regarded as a Chinese New Year companion. New Year's Day is about breakthroughs and strategic shifts. On the way to Guangchang, it was an attack, which was an integral part of the plan to seize Jiangxi.

Guo Moruo pointed out in People's Literature No.65438+Six Poems of Chairman Mao published in May, 0962: "1930 The Red Army attacked Ji 'an nine times, the first time was in February, the second time was in early April, the third time was in late April, the fifth time was in June, and the sixth and seventh times were in June and July. Only the first time is the end of winter, it can snow heavily, and the other eight times are impossible. So it can be inferred that this song "Broken Magnolia" was written in February 1930. The word chairman left a climate record. In February of that year, it was snowing heavily in southwest Jiangxi. "

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The first part of the poem describes the magnificent scene of marching in the snow, reflects the harsh natural environment at that time, and depicts the high fighting passion of the Red Army, the eagerness to destroy the enemy and the majestic momentum of marching.

"All the sky is white", this sentence blurts out, natural and smooth, and the realm is broad. "All over the sky" describes the combination of snow and wind, full of sense of movement and space. "All White" shows the mountains and rivers in vilen, all wrapped in silver, and writes a white natural landscape of ice and snow.

"Travel in the snow is more urgent", from scenery description to narrative lyricism. The word "love is more urgent" was written first. Bad weather can't stop the heroic Red Army from marching. The officers and men resolutely marched against the wind and braved the snow, their spirits were more exciting, and their mood to complete the task was more urgent. Walking is for fighting, fighting is for winning, and winning is for people. After Gutian Conference, the military consciousness and political consciousness of Red Army officers and men have been significantly improved.

"The mountain is over the head, and the wind blows the red flag over the mark" seems to have written a scene sentence, but in fact, through the description of the scene, it further expresses the fighting spirit and passion of the Red Army of Workers and Peasants. "High above the head" means marching in the mountains. Gannan is mountainous with peaks and cliffs along the way. The poet looks back on the past and looks forward to the future. Under the mountain, the wind is rustling, the snow is leisurely, the flag is hunting, and people are full of energy. All the way is blocked by "high mountains", "strong winds" and "big pass". The image of "Red Flag" shows a moving picture of climbing mountains and mountains, which shows the heroic spirit of Red Army officers and men in overcoming difficulties and going forward bravely.

"Where is the trip? The question and answer of "Ganjiang Snow Area" explained the strategic intention of the Red Army, but did not specify it. This writing not only further exaggerates the atmosphere, but also gives people a hazy feeling, showing the concealment of military action. In classical poetry, words such as "fog" and "wind and smoke" are often used to describe the unknown prospect, such as "Farewell to Du DuDu for his post in Shu", "The Wall of Sanqin" and "Looking at the Five Rivers through the Fog". Liu Yong's poem "Yulin Ridge" "I miss it, thousands of miles away, and the dusk is heavy. However, as long as we look at the last two sentences, we can see that Mao Zedong's works are different from ancient poems, and "wandering" does not mean "ignorance of the future". Mao Zedong learned from the past, but not from the past, giving new meaning to traditional images.

"Yesterday, 100,000 workers and peasants went to Ji 'an", which was thunderous and forceful. It not only makes the marching goal more clear and specific, but also writes the prestige of the Red Army commanding the joint mobilization of the army and the people. A fierce battle is about to start. The text seems simple but meaningful, which clearly expresses the author's joy at the promulgation of this important instruction, especially the excitement of seeing the workers and peasants armed forces explore the red area. "One hundred thousand workers and peasants go to Ji 'an" vividly reflects the revolutionary enthusiasm of the broad masses of workers and peasants, and it is showing a spark that can start a prairie fire.

Broken Magnolia Flower Guangchang Road is a magnificent picture of marching in the snow. There are only 44 words in the whole poem, and only two words * * * are used to describe the snow scene, "the sky is white" and "snowy". Refined words are really a lot of freehand brushwork. In the snowstorm, the red flag fluttered, the people flew and the mountains shook.

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This word was first published in People's Literature No.65438+May 0962. The copied manuscript is different from the officially published manuscript. The word copied from the manuscript is entitled "Reducing Magnolia and Attacking Ji 'an", and "All the sky is white" was originally "All the sky is white". The words "Walking in the snow makes the military situation more urgent" are written in the manuscript and handwriting, and people's literature is published as "marching without cypress in the snow". 1963 12 when people's literature publishing house published chairman Mao's poems, it was changed to "a timely rescue in the snow makes the military situation more urgent." Where are you going? "When people's literature was published, the sentence ended with a comma, and when Chairman Mao's poetry was published, it was changed to a question mark." The Ganjiang River is full of Yukikaze, and the manuscript is Ganjiang River is full of clouds. "The wind rolled the red flag over the mark", and both the manuscript and the handwriting read "The wind rolled the red flag, which can't be turned over".

As for the original sentence "marching in the snow without cypress", people always thought it meant cypress. Because of the heavy snow, cypress has become a branch of Yushu, and the tree species can't be distinguished. However, in the article Fu and On Poetry and Fu published by Beijing Youth Daily on May 4, 2002, the author put forward another view that ""refers to Fu in western Fujian. Fu is from Shanghang County, Fujian Province. 1June, 929, the local red army in western Fujian and some red guards were co-edited as the fourth column of the Red Fourth Front Army, and Fu served as the fourth column leader and front committee member. During his stay in western Fujian, he may have had contacts with Fu and even talked about poetry. March without a cypress in the snow is only a description of the scenery in Mao Zedong, so it can be inferred that this is a famous Tibetan poem written by Mao Zedong. Obviously, "cypress" refers to the government, and there is no historical evidence. Mao Zedong later changed this poem to "Walking in the snow is more urgent", which is completely reasonable. Because of the dense forest in southern Jiangxi, cypress is obviously not the main tree species, let alone the only tree species. It is a stroke of genius to change the word "feeling more urgent" just right. The more difficult and dangerous the Red Army is, the more brave it will be.

In February 2004 (65438), Xiao Yongyi's Poems and Historical Stories of Mao Zedong published by Oriental Publishing House revealed a rare story. Cheng Guangrui, a famous poet and poet of Wild Grass Poetry Society, told a story about the past:1971kloc-0/0/On October 25th, the 26th United Nations General Assembly passed a resolution to restore the legitimate seats of the people of China and the Republic of China in the United Nations. 1971115 The delegation of new China attended the United Nations General Assembly for the first time, and this day's meeting almost became a grand meeting to welcome the delegation of China. In particular, the representative of Chile to the United Nations enthusiastically recited Mao Zedong's On the Magnolia Road in Guangchang, which won warm and long applause from all delegations. Mao Zedong didn't expect that a poem he hummed 40 years ago when marching against the snow in the southern mountains of China would be recited in international occasions and received enthusiastic response. Snow, red flags and verve travel through time and space, leaving a deep impression on international friends.