Changes in the weather caused by topography

(1) ① in the figure shows the warm and humid air flow in the Pacific Ocean, which forms a temperate maritime climate. Influenced by the high mountains in the west, the temperate maritime climate is only distributed in the narrow strip along the Pacific coast.

(2) ② in the figure shows the cold air flow south of the Arctic Ocean. It can affect the coastal areas of the Gulf of Mexico. Under its influence, the winter climate in the eastern coastal areas of North America is cold and dry.

(3) Figure ③ shows the cold air flow south of the Arctic Ocean. Because the terrain in the middle is a great plain that runs through the north and south, the cold air flow can drive south for a long time, causing the temperature to drop rapidly, which often leads to weather phenomena such as strong wind, cooling and frost.

(4) Figure ④ shows the warm and humid air flow north of the Gulf of Mexico, which is not blocked by mountains. West; Tall mountains; West; Temperate maritime; (2) North; Gulf of Mexico; (3) the coldness of the Arctic Ocean southward; Plain; Temperature; Strong wind, cooling, frost, etc.; (4) The warmth and humidity of the Gulf of Mexico northward; Mountains; Warm and hot weather.