About the surrounding environment of North University for Nationalities (Yinchuan, Ningxia), insiders enter!

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Western Xia imperial tombs

Emperor Xixia's mausoleum is located at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Xixia District. With the change of topography, there are 9 imperial tombs of Xixia Kingdom, more than 200 tombs of princes, Buddhist temple ruins 10 and Xixia brick kilns 10, which constitute a complete architectural group. It is one of the largest existing royal cemeteries in China, and it is also the best preserved ground relic. Xixia Mausoleum has unique architectural style, large area and concentrated tombs. The scenic spot covers more than 50 square kilometers, among which the mausoleum is tall and majestic, and is known as the "Pyramid of China".

Zhenbeibao western cinema

Located in Zhenbeibao Town, Xixia District, the original site was the Ming and Qing frontier fortress. Zhang Xianliang, a famous writer, discovered it and introduced it to the film industry in the early 1980s. Up to now, more than 60 film and television dramas that have won international and domestic awards have been filmed here, such as Shepherd, Red Sorghum, Yellow River Ballad, Yellow River Lovelorn, A Chinese Odyssey, Xinlongmen Inn, etc. The western studio of Zhenbeibao is characterized by simplicity, primitiveness, roughness and desolation among many studios in China. There are many films made here, many rising stars, and many international and domestic film and television awards, all of which are the best in China Film and Television City, and are known as "a must in China". Because of its special contribution to China's film industry, it enjoys the reputation of "China film goes to the world from here".

Rock paintings of Helan Mountain

Located at Helankou, the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Xixia District, 60 kilometers away from Yinchuan City. There are more than a thousand rock paintings in the mountain pass, which are distributed on cliffs and stone walls stretching for more than 600 meters on both sides of the valley. Rock paintings dominated by portraits account for more than half of the total number of rock paintings, followed by cattle, horses, sheep, donkeys, deer, birds, wolves and other animals. In addition, there are carved patterns of hunting and sacrificial scenes, as well as dates, months, stars, mornings, hands, feet and Xixia characters. It provides us with extremely precious physical materials to understand and study the history, culture, economic situation and religious beliefs of ancient nomadic people, and it can be called a precious national art gallery.

Suyukou National Forest Park

Suyukou National Forest Park is located in Helanshan National Nature Reserve, Xixia District, with rich natural landscape and unique human landscape. In the range of nearly 10,000 hectares, there are many towering trees such as Pinus tabulaeformis, juniper and spruce. Rare shrubs such as red cherry, lilac and pink Mongolian almond are all over the valley and gully. Layers of forests are colorful and changeable, which is amazing.

Sanguankou Great Wall in Ming Dynasty

Located at the eastern foot of Helan Mountain in Xixia District, it is the main road from Ningxia to Alashan Zuo Qi in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The Ming government built the Great Wall (called the side wall in the Ming Dynasty) for border defense safety, and set up the three customs, which became one of the "four dangers" in Ningxia at that time. After several renovations and additions, the city wall stretches over the top of the mountain, and the mountain is high and steep, which is quite a trend of "one person guards it and ten thousand people can't force it". The Great Wall, which spans the three passes, is connected with the trestle and beacon tower, which is in danger of controlling the western desert and choking the throat.

Haibaota

Commonly known as the North Tower, it is located in Haibaota Temple in the north of xingqing district. When this pagoda was built is unknown. According to the Ming Dynasty's "New Records of Wanli Shuofang", it was rebuilt by Helian Bobo, king of the Northern and Southern Dynasties. It is a square 9-story 1 1 level pavilion-style brick tower with a total height of 53.9 meters. When climbing the tower, Yinchuan was surrounded by Jiangnan. It was listed as one of the eight scenic spots in Ningxia in the Ming and Qing Dynasties, and was called "Lingxiao Ancient Pagoda". Temple trees, pavilions and beautiful scenery. Every year on the 15th day of the seventh lunar month, the temple holds the "Magnolia" temple fair, which has continued to this day.

drum tower

Located at the intersection of Jiefang East Street and Gulou North and South Street in xingqing district. The Bell and Drum Tower was built in the first year of Qing Daoguang (A.D. 182 1), with a total height of 36 meters. It consists of platforms, pavilions and turrets. The whole drum, carved beams and painted buildings, is magnificent.

Nanguan mosque

Located in the south of xingqing district, Yinchuan Muslims raised funds at 198 1 to rebuild a building complex with Arabic style and national characteristics. The Upper Temple can accommodate 1300 people to worship; The lower floor has a bathroom, a chapel, a women's chapel, an Arabic school, an imam bedroom and a reception room. In the center of the building stands a huge green dome with a crescent moon hanging high. There is a 30-meter-high "minaret" on both sides in front of the temple, and a fountain with a diameter of 15 meters is also set in the middle. The whole building has strict layout, gorgeous decoration, exquisite elegance and grandeur. Thousands of Muslims gather here to engage in ethnic and religious activities on the "main hemp day" or the annual traditional Hui festival.

Cuiminghu National Wetland Park

Cuiming Lake Wetland Eco-tourism Zone is located in the eastern suburb of xingqing district, 8 kilometers away from the urban area and 2 kilometers adjacent to the Yellow River, with a planned area of 654.38 million mu. It is an ecological demonstration park integrating ecological protection, tourism, conference and holiday, leisure and entertainment. There are 97 species of birds in Cuiming Lake, among which black stork, merganser, white-tailed sea eagle and bustard are national first-class protected animals.

Jinshuiyuan

Jinshuiyuan Tourist Area is located in lingwu city, facing the Yellow River and backed by Mu Us Sandy Land. There are many recreational items in the park, such as Yellow River cruise, motorboat, boating in the inner lake, beach sports ground, sand pool horse racing, cross-country cars and motorcycles. The World Beach Volleyball Competition was successfully held here.

Shuidonggou Site/Great Wall

Located in lingwu city, it is one of the late Paleolithic sites with the richest archaeological data found in China. This site was discovered by Belgian Kent in 19 19, with a history of 30,000 years. Fossils of wild donkeys, rhinoceroses, antelopes, cows and pigs and more than 1. 1000 pieces of various stone tools were found here. The excavation of "Shuidonggou Site" shows that human beings lived here as early as the Paleolithic Age more than 30,000 years ago.

Chengtiansi pagoda

Commonly known as the West Tower, it is located in the southwest of xingqing district. It was founded in the Xixia period of A.D. 1050. According to records, after the death of Li Yuanhao, the founding emperor of Xixia, his son just turned one year old and ascended the throne. Empress Dowager Cixi built this temple and stupa in order to protect the "eternal life" of her son, Emperor Zong Yi, and the "eternal stability" of Xixia Jiangshan. Together with Huguo Temple in Liangzhou (now Wuwei, Gansu Province) and Lying Buddha Temple in Ganzhou (now Zhangye, Gansu Province), they are both famous Buddhist shrines in Xixia. This 13-story brick tower, with 1 1 story inside, is octagonal and 64.5 meters high. When you climb the tower, you can see a panoramic view of the ancient city. The scenery is charming. The breeze blew, and the bell on the tower jingled, showing the silence of the temple.

Ningxia Museum, located in Chengtian Temple Tower, displays the revolutionary history of Ningxia, the history of Xixia, the rock paintings of Helan Mountain and the folk customs of Hui people.

Xixia Museum is the first museum in China that truly and vividly shows the history of the rise and fall of Xixia Kingdom with the background of Xixia Mausoleum. The whole museum covers an area of 5,300 square meters. The Xixia Pagoda has a unique style with dense eaves-style architecture, which not only has the momentum of modern architecture, but also echoes the mausoleum site, forming a strong national architectural style.

In addition to the above-mentioned attractions, Yinchuan also has tourist attractions (spots) such as Helan Mountain Roll Horn, Huangyuting, Najiahu Mosque, Huaxia Rare Art City and Yinchuan Nanxun Gate (South Gate) for tourists to visit.

physical geography

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1, geographical location

Yinchuan is located in the middle of Ningxia Plain in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. Bordering Yanchi County in the east; West of Helan Mountain, Alxa League, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. It is connected to Tongxin County, Litong District of Wuzhong City and Qingtongxia City in the south; Pingluo County in the north is adjacent to Otog Banner in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (bounded by the Ming Great Wall). Its geographical range is 37 29' ~ 38 53' north latitude and 65 438+005 49' ~ 65 438+006 53' east longitude, with a total area of 949 1.0 square kilometers. In 2005, the urban built-up area was 94.96 square kilometers, and the laying scope of urban public facilities was 1 10 square kilometers.

2. Topography

The topography of Yinchuan city is divided into two parts: mountains and plains. It is higher in the west and south, lower in the north and east, and slightly inclined from southwest to northeast. There are various types of landforms, which are divided into Helan Mountain, alluvial plain, alluvial plain, alluvial lake plain, valley plain and flood plain from west to east. The altitude is between1010m ~150m, the ground slope is about 2‰, and the soil layer is thick. Helan Mountain in the west of Yinchuan is a middle-high mountain with northeast trend. The total length is about 150km, and the width is 20km ~ 30km. The highest peak is 3556 meters above sea level, which is a natural barrier to prevent northwest cold air and sandstorms from driving directly to Yinchuan. Helan Mountain is nearly 70 kilometers in Yinchuan, covering an area of 58,800 hectares. The mountains are high and steep, and the momentum is magnificent.

3. Soil water system

The soil types in Yinchuan area are divided into 9 categories, 28 subcategories, 48 soil genera and more than 500 soil species or varieties. From Helan Mountain to the west main canal, there are mainly mountain calcareous soil, meadow soil and gray cinnamon soil. The eastern alluvial plain is mainly irrigated and silted soil formed alternately by long-term irrigation and farming, and lacustrine soil and saline soil are distributed in some low-lying areas. Irrigation and siltation soil has moderate soil quality, good physical and chemical properties, high organic matter content and wide adaptability to water and fertilizer conservation. The diversity of soil types is very suitable for the development of agricultural production and the growth of various cash crops.

Yinchuan is rich in surface water, good in water quality, rich in sediment and fertile. There are many ditches, lakes and wetlands in this area. The Yellow River is the main river in Yinchuan, which flows through Yinchuan for more than 80 kilometers and runs through the north and south. The Yellow River gravity irrigation has been introduced into Yinchuan Plain for more than 2000 years. The main canal of Yellow River Diversion includes Tanglai, Han Yan, Huinong and Gan Xi, with an annual water diversion capacity of 1 100 million cubic meters. There are more than 0/000 irrigation and drainage channels/kloc-which are thousands of kilometers long, forming a complete irrigation and drainage system combining irrigation and drainage, and ensuring the irrigation of more than 0/0.3 million hectares of farmland.

4. Lake wetlands

In the history of Yinchuan, due to the continuous diversion of the Yellow River, there are many lakes and wetlands. There was a saying of "seventy-two lakes" in ancient times, but now it has the reputation of "Lake City on the Plug". There are 39,700 hectares of wetlands in the city, mainly lake wetlands and river wetlands, of which natural wetlands account for more than 60% of the wetland area, nearly 200 natural lakes and more than 20 lakes, with an area of 100 hectares. The famous ones are Cuiming Lake, Yuehai Lake, Hequan Lake, Hubao Lake and West Lake. Yinchuan wetland is rich in animal and plant resources. There are more than 0/90 species of wetland plants and 0/50 species of wetland wildlife, including 5 species of national first-class protected animals, such as black stork, merganser, white-tailed sea eagle, bustard and bustard, and 0/9 species of national second-class protected animals, such as swan. Yinchuan wetland is one of the important bird habitats in northwest China.

5. Natural resources

Yinchuan area has both mountains and rivers and diverse landforms, and is influenced by natural conditions such as climate and soil, forming a variety of animal and plant resources. Yinchuan Plain is flat and open, with fertile land, criss-crossing ditches, abundant water resources, abundant sunshine, abundant heat and superior natural conditions. Known as "Jiangnan" since ancient times, it is an important production area of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery. There are many natural lakes in Yinchuan, with tens of thousands of hectares of natural water surface, good water quality and lush aquatic plants in the waters, which has the superior conditions for the development of aquaculture. Helan Mountain Area is the only natural forest resource in Yinchuan. The total area is 26,700 hectares, with natural secondary forest 1.23 million hectares and forest coverage rate of 22.8%. Forest species mainly include spruce, Chinese pine, Populus davidiana and other trees, as well as elm, apricot and other shrubs. In addition, there are more than 40 kinds of wild medicinal plants, and 32 kinds of rare animals protected by the state are roe deer, red deer, blue pheasant, blue sheep and fox. At the eastern foot of Helan Mountain, the climate, soil and geographical conditions are close to or even better than Bordeaux, a French high-quality grape producing area, and it is one of the best ecological areas for high-quality grape cultivation in the world. The mineral resources in Yinchuan area include coal, hematite, flux limestone, flux dolomite, flux silica, phosphate rock, cement limestone and diabase. Helan stone is "stony and shiny, used for making inkstone, breathing raw water and easy to care for hair". Since ancient times, it has had the reputation of "two or three Helan Mountains at one end" and is one of the "five famous inkstones" in China. Lingwu mining area is rich in coal, oil and natural gas reserves, especially coal reserves with high calorific value, low ash, low sulfur and low phosphorus, which also occupies a very important position in the whole autonomous region and even the whole country.

6. Climate characteristics

Yinchuan and its counties (cities) belong to a typical mid-temperate continental climate. The main climatic characteristics are: four distinct seasons, short summer in late spring, long winter in early autumn, large temperature difference between day and night, scarce rain and snow, strong evaporation, dry climate, heavy sandstorm and so on. The annual average temperature is about 8.5℃, and the annual average sunshine hours are 2800 ~ 3000 hours, which is one of the regions with the most solar radiation and sunshine hours in China. The annual average precipitation is about 200mm, and the frost-free period is about 185 days.

In 2006, the general climate characteristics of Yinchuan City and its counties (cities) in 2006 are: the annual average temperature is high, the annual precipitation and sunshine hours are mostly less, the annual average relative humidity is 5 1%, the average wind speed is 2.3 m/s, the annual evaporation is less than the average evaporation in previous years, and the frost-free period is 197 days. Details are as follows:

Temperature In 2006, the average annual temperature in Yinchuan and its counties (cities) was between10.1℃ ~1.0℃, which was higher than normal1.2℃ ~ 2.1. Among them, Yinchuan City and Yongning County are on the high side all the year round, while Helan County and lingwu city are on the high side except that it is 0.6℃ and 0.3℃ lower in September respectively. In March 10 ~ 12 and April 10 ~ 12, there were two cold wave weather processes in Yinchuan, and the whole temperature was above 12℃. The lowest temperature on April 12 is -3℃ ~-5℃. From June 16 to June 19, there was dry and hot wind weather in Yinchuan. The highest temperature in Yongning County on June 16 was 36.3℃, and that in lingwu city on June 30 was 36.6℃.

In 2006, the annual precipitation in Yinchuan and counties (cities) ranged from 143.2 mm to 195.8 mm, of which Yinchuan was 9.5 mm more than normal. Yongning, Lingwu and Helan counties (cities) are less than 1 1.2mm, 37.4mm and 35.4mm respectively. On June 28th, thunderstorms and strong winds occurred in most parts of Yinchuan, with the maximum instantaneous wind force reaching 8-9, and hail occurred in some areas. On July 14 ~ 15, a regional rainstorm occurred in Yinchuan. Among them, the precipitation in Yinchuan City reached 1 12.5 mm, and that in He Lin Town, lingwu city reached 130.6 mm, both of which were the largest daily precipitation since meteorological records were recorded.

In 2006, the annual sunshine hours in Yinchuan and counties (cities) ranged from 2665 to 3069 hours. Compared with the same period of last year, except for 57.6 hours in lingwu city, other districts and counties have 239.3 to 240.2 hours less.

economic development

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The economic strength has been significantly enhanced. It is estimated that the regional GDP in 2007 will be 39.3 billion yuan, with an increase of 13.8% (compared with the previous year, the same below) and an average annual increase of 13.8% (four years, the same below); The per capita GDP is 26,900 yuan, with an increase of 10.9%, with an average annual increase of11.1%; The fixed assets investment of the whole society was 27.2 billion yuan, up by 17%, with an average annual growth of17.8%. Total retail sales of social consumer goods127.4 billion yuan, with an increase of 17.2% and an average annual increase of15.3%; The general budget revenue of local finance is 26 1 100 million yuan, up by 20.2%, with an average annual growth of 18.6%. The comprehensive competitiveness of the city has entered the top 100 in China. The county economy grew strongly, and lingwu city entered the top 100 counties (cities) in the west.

city construction

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Great changes have taken place in this city. The urban built-up area has doubled to 106 square kilometers, and the framework of a modern regional central city has basically taken shape. The infrastructure has been continuously improved, the ecological environment has been significantly improved, the charm of "Lake City on the Plug" has been highlighted, and the city's grade has been significantly improved.

Highlight the perfect functions of the city and significantly improve the living environment. With "five innovations" as the carrier, "three major battles" and "nine major projects" are fully implemented, and the investment, speed and scale of urban construction are unprecedented. Complete the task of revising the overall urban planning. The construction of the new district has been accelerated in an all-round way, and the strategy of shifting the city's center of gravity to the west has made significant progress. 6 1 urban roads were built or rebuilt, and the cable penetration rate reached 67.4%. A number of main roads, such as Qinshui Street and Helanshan Road, have been completed and put into use, the construction around expressway has been accelerated, and the urban road network system has been gradually improved. Accelerate the pace of old city reconstruction, transform 1 12 small streets and lanes, and dismantle more than 4 million square meters of illegal buildings according to law. A number of landscaping projects such as Haibao Park and Forest Park have been implemented, with an average annual increase of 300 hectares of green space and 8 square meters of public green space per capita. Completed 7066 hectares of Yinxi Shelterbelt Project. Strengthen the protection of lakes and wetlands, fully implement the water system construction focusing on the Aiyi River and Beita Lake, and name Yuehai, Cuiming Lake and Hubao Lake as national wetland parks, thus obviously improving the urban ecological environment. Pay close attention to pollution prevention and control, energy conservation and emission reduction, and the number of days with excellent air quality in urban areas ranks among the top in provincial capital cities in China. It has successively won the titles of national water-saving city, national sanitary city, autonomous region garden city and environmental protection model city. The projects of "Comprehensive Improvement of Tanglaiqu Environment" and "Restoration and Protection of Lake Wetland in Yinchuan" won the China Model Award for Human Settlements.