Traditional Culture Encyclopedia - Weather forecast - Is watermelon seed Shi Lei suitable for planting in Chengde?

Is watermelon seed Shi Lei suitable for planting in Chengde?

Watermelon seed Shi Lei is suitable for planting in Chengde. Watermelon likes warm and dry climate and is not cold-resistant. The optimum temperature for growth and development is 24-30 degrees, the optimum temperature for root growth and development is 30-32 degrees, and the lowest temperature for root hair generation is 14 degrees. Watermelon needs a large temperature difference between day and night during its growth and development. Watermelon is drought-tolerant and moisture-intolerant. Too many rainy days and too high humidity are easy to get sick. Watermelon likes light, has a long growth period and needs a lot of nutrition. With the growth of watermelon, the fertilizer requirement increases gradually, and reaches the maximum when the fruit grows vigorously. Watermelon has strong adaptability, and sandy soil with loose soil, deep soil layer and good drainage is the best. Like weak acidity, PH5-7.

Land selection

It is advisable to choose sandy loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile soil and convenient irrigation and drainage, and plant in fields where melon crops have not been planted in dry land for 5 years and paddy field for 3 years.

Soil preparation and fertilization

Before winter, Gua Tian ploughed deep into the frozen soil and prepared the soil in time before transplanting. Gua Tian needs three ditches to support it, so that the rain will prevent the fields from drying, the soil will be loose and the surface will be flat. The base fertilizer is mainly high-quality organic fertilizer and cake fertilizer, supplemented by inorganic fertilizer, which generally accounts for 60%-70% of the total fertilization. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium should be reasonably matched, and micro-fertilizers should be applied at the bottom or sprayed separately according to the lack of elements. The amount of fertilizer applied depends on soil fertility and cultivated varieties. Generally, for fields with moderate fertility, 3000-4000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, 60-80 kg of 45% nitrate sulfur or potassium sulfate controlled release fertilizer are applied every 667 square meters, and chlorine-containing fertilizer is not applied. Small fruit watermelon and grafted watermelon can use 20% less fertilizer. The height is used for planting, with a width of 4-4.5 meters and a width of 2.0-2.5 meters ... The wide border can be planted on both sides of the border, the melon vines can climb on both sides or in the middle, and the narrow border can be planted on one side and climbed on the other.

Field planting

Early-maturing watermelon seedlings are about 1 month old, and can be planted when 2-3 real leaves grow. Medium-mature watermelon seedlings can be planted in 20-25 days, and late-mature watermelon seedlings can be planted in 7- 10 days. Wide border planting is 2 rows, narrow border planting is 1 row. Small-fruit watermelons are cultivated in greenhouse, with 667m2 1500- 1800 plants; Climbing cultivation, pruning with three vines or four vines, planting 600-750 plants per 667 square meters. Generally, 650-700 medium and large watermelons are planted every 667 square meters, and 300-400 grafted seedless watermelons are planted every 667 square meters. Dig planting holes according to the row spacing of plants, put nutrition bowls into the planting holes in the direction of cotyledons and border surfaces, fill the seedling holes with fine soil, and water the roots with human and animal fertilizers and chemicals. When transplanting, cover the film with a width of not less than 80 cm. The film should be thin and flat, close to the soil surface, and the surrounding area should be sealed tightly. The broken film should be sealed tightly with fine soil.

Pruning and pressing vines

Usually pruned with three vines. When the leaves of the main vine are 8-9, the main vine and two strong lateral vines are selected, and the rest of the sub-vines and Yang vines are all removed. Pruning is not suitable in rainy days to prevent the spread of diseases. When the vines grow to about 50 cm, press the vines with soil for pruning, and then press each vine for 2-3 times every 3-4 knots 1 time, so that the melons and vines are evenly arranged.

Sitting melon

We should choose the second and third female flowers on the main vine or 1 and the second female flowers on the side vine to sit on the melon. In order to ensure that the melons sit at the proper nodes, artificial pollination should be used to protect the flowers and fruits in case of low temperature or rainy weather. After the melons sit firmly, pat the ground below the young melons into a slope, and then place the young melons along the slope so that the young melons and vines are in a straight line. When the fruit is fully grown, it should be ploughed in time. Turn the melon in one direction, about 1/3 at a time.

Superficial application

When the young melon grows to the size of an egg, topdressing the swollen melon fertilizer according to the plant growth, generally topdressing 45% nitrate sulfur or potassium sulfate controlled release fertilizer 15-20kg per 667m2.

moisture

In order to promote the formation of developed roots, we should water as little as possible or even not at seedling stage. Control water before flowering and fruit setting to prevent crazy growth; Sufficient water supply should be ensured after fruit setting, which is beneficial to fruit expansion and weight increase. 7- 10 days before harvest is not suitable for watering, so that the fruit accumulates sugar. In case of water shortage, irrigation should be carried out in the early and late night when the temperature is low. Infiltrate soil moisture through furrow irrigation, that is, irrigate the furrow, and immediately drain the remaining water in the furrow after the water permeates the furrow. Drain the accumulated water in the field immediately after irrigation and rain, otherwise it will easily lead to rotten roots and vines.

choose

The harvest should be done in the morning. Long-distance transportation or storage can be harvested when it is eight ripe; Those sold in the suburbs that day can be harvested at the age of nine, and raw melons should not be listed. Generally, early-maturing varieties are harvested about 30 days after pollination, middle-maturing varieties are 35 days, and late-maturing varieties are 40 days. The speed of fruit ripening is affected by temperature, light intensity and time, so it is best to indicate the date when pollination is carried out. When the fruit is expected to mature, cut open the sample melon, measure its sugar and taste it, and harvest it in batches according to the mark after confirming the maturity.